| Of Olden Times and New
ONDER REDACTIE VAN
L. VAN DER WAL,
DIRECTEUR DER R. H. B. SCHOOL TE STEEN WIJ K.
I 38===
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
JULIUS C/ËSAR
DOOR
K. TEN BRUGGENCATE.
ZESDE DRUK. — GEÏLLUSTREERD.
BIJ J. B. WOLTERS — GRONINGEN, DEN HAAG, 1917.



KONINKLIJKE BIBLIOTHEEK












WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE.



OF OLDEN TIMES AND NEW



□ =a p
Of Olden Times and New
ONDER REDACTIE VAN
L. VAN DER WAL,
DIRECTEUR DER R. H. B. SCHOOL TE STEENWIJK.
□ ■ □ □
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE.
JULIUS C/ESAR
DOOR
K- TEN BRUGGENCATE.
BIJ J. B. WOLTERS' U. M. — GRONINGEN, DEN HAAG 1917.



JULIUS C/ESAR
BY
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE.
MET VERKLARENDE AANTEEKENINGEN VOOR SCHOOL EN HUIS,
DOOR
K- TEN BRUGGENCATE,
OUD-LEERAAR BIJ HET MIDD. EN OYMN. ONDERWUS.
ZESDE DRUK. — GEÏLLUSTREERD.
f 0,80.
BIJ J. B. WOLTERS' U. M. — GRONINGEN, DEN HAAG 1917.



DEPOT v.
iNED.PUBL
K.B.



EEN WOORD VOORAF.
Nog steeds komen op de programma's onzer inrichtingen van voortgezet onderwijs Duitsche of Engelsche üitgaven van Shakespeare's werken voor, en dit is geen goed verschijnsel, omdat de eerste gewoonlijk te veel bevatten, en de laatste uit den aard der zaak óf vele moeilijkheden behandelen, die voor onze jongelui geen moeilijkheden zijn, öf veel onverklaard laten, dat noodzakelijk toegelicht moet worden. Wèl hebben ook wij enkele voortreffelijke uitgaven met aanteekeningen van des grooten dichters werken, maar zij zijn wegens al te breeden opzet voor schoolgebruik minder geschikt. Vandaar deze uitgave. Er is naar gestreefd, de aanteekeningen van dien aard te maken, dat eenigszins gevorderde leerlingen met behulp der noten het stuk nagenoeg zonder andere voorbereiding kunnen lezen, omdat m. i. onze illusie moet zijn, niet om hen in Shakespeare's taal in te leiden, en de grammaticale regels, waarnaar hij schreef, op te sporen — wat toch een onbegonnen en te veel omvattend werk is — maar wèl, om hen met den dichter en zijn werk bekend te maken, opdat zij leeren genieten bij de lectuur ervan. Eenige gezonde denkbeelden omtrent Shakespeare's kunst, en inzicht in zijne methode, zullen den grooten man beter doen waardeeren dan tekstcritiek, uitweidingen over zijne woordenkeus en dorre, grammaticale verklaring. Om die reden dienen de noten vooral: 1. ter verduidelijking van den inhoud; 2. ter inleiding in de karakterteekening. De leeraar heeft nu de handen ruim, om er zooveel (of liever zoo weinig) grammaticale opmerkingen bij te maken als hij noodig acht. Naar mijne meening hebben wij met



het geven van een goed inzicht in den bouw van het 19-eeuwsch Engelsch de handen meer dan vol. Shakespeare's kunst te leeren bewonderen zij ons doel, niet in de eerste plaats het leeren van Engelsch uit Shakespeare's werken.
Niet alléén voor de school, ook voor het huis is deze uitgave bestemd. Met aanteekeningen, die de lectuur in de oorspronkelijke taal mogelijk maken en haar tot een genot doen zijn, is hij, die Shakespeare wil leeren kennen, beter gediend dan met de mooiste vertaling.
Mochten mijne denkbeelden instemming vinden, en deze blijken uit een voldoend gebruik van het werkje, dan zullen enkele van de grootste treur- en blijspelen van den onovertroffen dichter en menschenkenner in denzelfden geest bewerkt worden, en te gelegener tijd verschijnen. Op- en aanmerkingen vinden een vriendelijk onthaal.
L. April 1897. ^'ïS K. ten Br.
BIJ DEN ZESDEN DRUK-
De tekst van dezen druk is in overeenstemming met dien van de bekende "Cambridge Edition". Alléén heb ik mij eenige wijzigingen in de leesteekens veroorloofd ter vergemakkelijking van de lectuur.
's-Gravenhage, 30 Juni 1917. K- ten Br.



THE TRAGEDY OF JÜLIUS CvESAR. DRAMATIS PERSON.È.
Junus Caesar.
Octavius Caesar, ) triumvirs after Marcus Antonius, [ the death of M. ^Emilius Lepidus, ) Julius Caesar. Cicero, ') Publius, > senators. Popilius Lena, )
Marcus Brutus, Cassius,
Trebonius, conspirators against
LlGARIUS, L JU"U:> ,~<,CM1-
Decius Brutus, j
Metellus Cimber, '
Flavius and Marullus, tribunes.
Artemidorus of Cnidos.
A Soothsayer.
Cinna, a poet.
Another Poet.
Lucilius, ,
SSS. fT^tBrutus
Young Cato, \ and cassius-
volumnius, )
varro,
Clitus,
Claudius
Strato,
Lucius, V Dardanius, /
Pindarus, servant to Cassius. Calpurnia, wife' to Caesar. Portia, wife to Brutus.
Senators, Citizens, Guards, Attendants, &c.
servants to Brutus.
Scène. — Rome; the neighbourhood of Sardis; the neighbourhood of Philippi.






ACT I.
Scène I. Rome. A Street.
Enter Flavtus, Marullus, and certain Commoners over the stage.
Flav. Hence! home, you idle creatures, get you
home!
Is this a holiday? what! know you not,
Being mechanica 1, you ought not walk
Upon a labouring day without the sign
Of your profession? Speak, what trade art thou?
First Cit. Why, sir, a carpenter.
Mar. Where is thy leather apron and thy rule? What dost thou with thy best apparel on? You, sir, what trade are you?
Sec. Cit. Truly, sir, in respect ofa fine workman, I am but, as you would say, a cobbler.
Mar. Butwhattradeartthou?answermedirectly.
Sec. Cit. A trade, sir, that I hope I may use with a safe conscience; which is, indeed, sir, a mender of bad sol es.
Flav. What trade, thou knave? thou naughty knave, what trade?
Commoners = plebejers. — Qét you home; verg.: Get you gone = ga naar huis, ruk uit. — Mechanical = (tot den stand der) handwerkers (behoorende). — Sign zal wel op het gereedschap doelen. — Rule = duimstok (Ruler = liniaal). — In respect of = vergeleken met (eig.: met den blik op). — Cobbler = lapper (niet: schoenlapper in dit geval, want dan zou Marullus' nadere vraag overtollig zijn; dat cobbler = schoenlapper, blijkt pas later). — Directly = zonder omwegen. — Use = uitoefenen (to follow). — Soles (= zolen) wordt thans precies zoo, en werd in Shakespeare's tijd bijna zoo uitgesproken als souls = zielen. — Naughty = brutaal.
julius caesar, 6e druk.
1



2
Sec. Cit. Nay, I beseech you, sir, be not out with me; yet, if you be out, sir, I can mend you.
Mar. What mean'st thou by that? mend me, thou saucy fellow!
Sec. Cit. Why, sir, cobble you.
Flav. Thou art a cobbler, art thou?
Sec. Cit. Truly, sir, all that I live by is with the awl. I meddle with no tradesman's matters, nor women's matters, but with awl. I am, indeed, sir, a surgeon to old shoes; when they are in great danger, I recover them. As proper men as ever trod upon n e a t's leather have gone upon m y handiwork.
Flav. But wherefore art not in thy shop to-day ? Why dost thou lead these men about the streets?
Sec. Cit Truly, sir, to wear out their shoes, to get myself into more work. But, indeed, sir, we make holiday, to see Caesar, and to rejoice in his triumph.
Mar. Wherefore rejoice? What conquest brings
he home?
What tributaries follow him to Rome To grace in captive bonds his chariot-wheels? You blocks, you stones, you worse than senseless
things!
O you hard hearts, you cruel men of Rome, Knew you not Pompey? Many a time and oft
Be not out with = wees (wordt) niet kwaad op. — If you be out (at heels) — als uwe hakken kapot zijn. — Awl, uitgesproken als all, beteekent: (schoenmakers-)els. — Hecover = herstellen, opnieuw bedekken, van nieuw bovenleer voorzien. — Proper = fijne, chique (lui). — Neat = rund; alléén nog in verbindingen — My handiwork = het werk mijner handen. — Indeed = feitelijk, als ik de waarheid moet zeggen. — Tributaries = schatplichtigen. — Captive bonds boeien (der gevangenschap). — Pompey. Reeds dadelijk laat de dichter ons zien, dat er te Rome nog altijd eene politieke partij (die van Pompejus) is, die Caesar weg wil hebben. Zoo bereidt Sh. het vervolg voor, door den bestaanden toestand reeds nu bloot te leggen.



3
Have you climb'd up to walls and battlements,
To towers and windows, yea, to chimney-tops,
Your infants in your arms, and there have sat
The livelong day, with patiënt expectation,
To see great Pompey pass the streets of Rome;
And when you saw his chariot but appear,
Have you not made an universal shout,
That Tiber trembled underneath her banks
To hear the replication of your sounds
Made in her concave shores?
And do you now put on your best attire?
And do you now cull out a holiday?
And do you now strew flowers in h i s way
That comes in triumph over Pompey's blood?
Be gone!
Run to your hoirses, fall upon your knees, Pray to the gods to intermit the plague That needs must light on this ingratitude.
Flav. Go, go, good countrymen, and for this
. fault,
Assemble all the poot men of your sort; Draw them to Tiber banks, and weep your tears Into the channel, till the lowest stream Do kiss the most exalted shores of all.
[Exeunt Commoners}. See, whe'er their basest metal be not mov'd; They vanish tongue-tied in their guiltiness.
Pass = doorgaan (niet: voorbijgaan). — That = zoodat. — Replication = terugkaatsing. — Concave shores = holle oevers ( = banks in hedendaagsche taal). — Cull out = uitpikken, ervan nemen. — His (= van hèm) moet den nadruk hebben. — To intermit the plague = de plaag (de straf) te schorsen. 3— Light on = neerkomen op, treffen. — Channel - bedding.,— Whe'er = whether. — Mettle en Metal, dikwijls voor en door elkander gebruikt, beteekent: gemoed; het voorafgaande basest worde als volstrekte superlatief opgevat. — Tongue-tied = stom (alsof hunne tong vastgebonden was).. N.B. Merk op het verschil tusschen Flav. en Mar.



4
Go you down that way towards the Capitol;
This way will I. Disrobe the images
If you do find them deck'd with ceremonies.
Mar. May we do so? You know it is the feast of Lupercal.
Flav. It is no matter; let no images Be hung with Caesar's trophies. ril about And drive away the vulgar from the streets; So do you too, where you perceive them thick. These growing feathers pluck'd from Caesar's wing Will make him fly an ordinary pitch, Who else would soar above the view of men And keep us all in servile fearfulness. [Exeunt.
Scène II. A public Place.
Enter, Caesar; Antony, for the course; Calpurnia, Portia, Decius, Cicero, Brutus, Cassius, and Casca; a great Crowd following, among them a Soothsayer: after them Marullus and Flavius.
Caes. Calpurnia! Casca. Peace, ho! Caesar speaks.
Caes. Calpurnia! Cal. Here, my lord.
Caes. Stand you directly in Antonius' way When he doth run his course. Antonius!
Ceremonies = versieringen, etc. — Lupercus, een god der herders (eig. wolvenjagers), met het aan hem gewijde hol Lupercal. Zija feest, de Lupercalia, werd op 15 Februari gevierd. — Trophies = eereteekenen. — About = rond(gaan). — Pitch = hoogte. — Who else = terwijl hij anders; (hij) die anders. — Servile fearfulness = slaafsche vrees. — Calpurnia was Caesar's vierde vrouw; ze bleef kinderloos — Course = wedloop; Antonius wordt als een meedoener en pretmaker geschilderd, die zich weldra als een krachtig handelend man zal ontpoppen. De dichter hield er blijkbaar van (Hendrik V is een ander voorbeeld uit vele) zulke karakters te ontleden en in al hunne tegenstellingen te toonen.



5
Ant. Caesar, my lord?
Caes. Forget not, in your speed, Antonius, To touch Calpurnia; for our elders say, The barren, touched in this holy chase, Shake off their sterile curse.
Ant. I shall remember:
When Caesar says, "Do this," it is perform'd.
Caes. Set on; and leave no ceremony out.
[Flourish.
Sooth. Caesar!
Caes. Ha! Who call's?
Casca. Bid every noise be still; peace yet again!
Caes. Who is it in the press that calls on me? I hear a tongue, shriller than all the music, Cry "Caesar!" Speak; Caesar is turn'd to hear.
Sooth. Beware the ides of March.
Caes. What man is that?
Bru. A soothsayer bids you beware the ides of
March.
Caes. Set him bef ore me; let me see his face. Cass. Fellow, come from the throng; look upon
Caesar.
Caes. What say'st thou to me now? Speak once
again. *
Sooth. Beware the ides of March.
Touch. Op het feest van Lupercus liepen voorname jongelieden door de stad, met de huiden der geofferde bokken omhangen, en riemen (van bokkevel) zwaaiend. Sloegen zij daarmede eene kinderlooze vrouw in de hand, dan geloofde men, dat zij zwanger zou worden. Daarom moet Calp., want Caesar wil een opvolger hebben, door Antonius worden aangeraakt. — Elders = ouderen, wijzen. — Is performed. De regel wijst er op, dat A. zijnen heer slaafs volgt. — Ceremony. Caesar wil, dat alle ceremoniën zullen worden waargenomen; hij is nog eenigszins bijgeloovig, al houdt hij zich anders voor de oogen des volks. — Press = gedrang. — Tumed = geneigd, bereid. — Ides of March = 15 Maart (soms was de idus de dertiende).



6
Caes. He is a dreamer; let us leave him. Pass. [S en net. Exeunt all but Brutus and Cassius. Cass. Will you go see the order of the course? Bru. Not I. Cass. I pray you, do.
Bru. I am not gamesome; I do lack some part Of that quick spirit that,is in Antony. Let me not hinder, Cassius, your desires; I'll leave you.
Cass. Brutus, I do observe you now of late; I have not from your eyes that gentleness And show of love as I was wont to have. You bear too stubborn and too strange a hand Over your friend that loves you.
Bru. Cassius, Be not deceiv'd. If I have veil'd my look, I turn the trouble of my countenance Merely upon myself. Vexed I am Of late, with passions of some difference, Conceptions only proper to myself, Which give some soil perhaps to my behaviours; But let not therefore my good friends be griev'd, Among which number, Cassius, be you one; Nor construe any further my neglect, Than that poor Brutus, with himself at war, Forgets the shows of love to other men.
Pass = ga voort. — Sennet = trompetgeschal. — Go see — go and see. — Gamesome = verzot op (volks)spelen. — Quick spirit = levendige geest, geestesopgewektheid. — 1 ƒ do .... of late => ik sla u reeds sedert eenigen tijd nauwkeurig gade. — Gentleness = vriendelijkheid. .— Show of love = bewijs van liefde (vriendschap). — To bear a stubborn and strange hand over= stug en op een afstand behandelen. —i Velled =' omsluierd, zoodat uit dien blik geene vriendelijkheid straalde. — Trouble = verstoordheid (van mijn gelaat) betreft slechts mijzelf alléén. — Passions .... difference = zeer verschillende (tegenstrijdige) aandoeningen. — Conceptions .... myself = opvattingen, mij slechts eigen. — Soil = smet. — Behaviours == wijze van optreden, manieren. — Construe = uitleggen, verklaren.



7
Cass. Then, Brutus, I have much mistook your passion;
Bij means whereof this breast of mine hath buried Thoughts of great value, worthy cogitations. Teil me, good Brutus, can you see your face?
Bru. No, Cassius; for the eye sees not itself But by reflection, by some other things.
Cass. 'Tis just; And it is very much lamented, Brutus, That you have no such mirrors as will turn Your hidden worthiness into your eye, That you might see your shadow. I have heard, Where many of the best respect in Rome, Except im mort al Caesar, speaking of Brutus And groaning underneath this age's yoke, Have wish'd that noble Brutus had his eyes.
Bru. Into what dangers would you lead me,
Cassius,
That you would have me seek into myself For that which is not in me?
Cass. Therefore, good Brutus, be prepar'd to hear; And since you know you cannot see yourself So well as by reflection, I, your glass, Will modestly discover to yourself That of yourself which you yet know not of. And be not jealous on me, gentle Brutus. Were I a common laugher, or did use To stale with ordinary oaths my love To every new protester; if you know
By means whereof — waardoor (nl. door het verkeerd begrijpen van uwe aandoeningen of behaviours). — Just = juist, waar. — Shadow = hier: spiegelbeeld. — Where = daar waar; of: als. — Respect — aanzien. — Immortal is natuurlijk ironisch: Brutus moet voelen waar Cassius heen wil. — Seek into — doorvorschen. Cassius slaat geen acht op Brutus' vraag. — Modestly = zonder overdrijving. — Jealous on = argwanend tegen. — Common laugher = lacher (weinig ernstig mensch) zooals de meesten. — Did use ... . protester = was ik gewoon om met de gewone verzekeringen mijne



8
That I do fawn on men and hug them hard, And af ter scandal them, or if you know That I profess myself in banqueting To all the rout, then hold me dangerous.
[Flourish and shout, Bru. What means this shouting? I do fear
the people
Choose Caesar for their king.
Cass. Ay, do your fear it?
Then must I think you would not have it so.
Bru. I would not, Cassius; yet I love him well. But wherefore do you hold me here so long? What is it that you would impart to me? If it be aught toward the general good, Set honour in one eye and death i' the other, And I will look on both indifferently; For let the gods so speed me as I love The name of honour more than I fear death.
Cass. I know that virtue to be in you, Brutus, As well as I do know your ontward favour. Well, honour is the subject of my story. 1 cannot teil what you and other men Think of this life; but, for my single self, I had as lief not be as live to be In awe of such a thing as I myself.
vriendschap zoo maar te schenken aan den nieuwen betuiger daarvan. — Fawn. hug = vleien, aan het hart drukken. — Scandal ■= belasteren. — Profess .... rout = vriendschapsbetuigingen doen bij feestgelagen aan Jan en alleman. — Aught toward = iets, strekkend tot. — In one eye = vóór het ééne oog. — Speed = zegenen; eig. voorspoedig doen zijn. — Favour — voorkomen, gelaat. In dit gesprek leeren wij Cassius kennen als een fijn menschenkenner; hij kent juist de zwakke plek van ieder, het duiveltje, dat ieder in zich draagt; bij Brutus is dit: eergevoel, en trots op zijn naam en voorouders; daarom vleit Cassius deze zooveel mogelijk. — Zie honour drie en zes regels hooger. — In awe .... myself = (leven) in vreeze voor iemand, zooals ik zelf ben.



9
I was born free as Caesar, so were you; We both have fed as well, and we can both Endure the winter's cold as well as he; For once, upon a raw and gusty day, The troubled Tiber chafing with her shores, Caesar said to me, "Dar'st thou, Cassius, now Leap in with me into this angry flood, And swim to yonder point?" Upon the word, Accoutred as I was, I plunged in And bade him follow; so indeed he did. The torrent roar'd, and we did buffet it With lusty sinews, throwing it aside And stemming it with hearts of controversy; But ere we could arrivé the point propos'd, Caesar cried, "Help me, Cassius, or I sink!" J, as iEneas, our great ancestor, Did from the flames of Troy upon his shoulder The old Anchises bear, so from the waves of Tiber Did I the tired Caesar. And this man Is now become a god, and Cassius is A wretched creature, and must bend his body, If Caesar carelessly but nod on him. , He had a fever when he was in Spain, And when the fit was on him, I did mark How he did shake; 'tis true, this god did shake. His coward lips did from their colour fly, And that same eye whose bend doth awe the world, Did lose his lustre; I did hear him groan. Ay, and that tongue of his that bade the Romans
Troubled = (door den wind) beroerd. — Chafing with = toornend tegen, wrijvend tegen. — Upon the word — onmiddellijk. — Buffet = ter zijde slaan. — Lusty — krachtig. — Stemming . . .'. controversy = hem weerstaande met weerstrevenden moed. — Arrivé — bereiken. — Ancestor, omdat Romulus, naar de sage, hem tot vader had. — Carelessly .... him = op achtelooze wijze slechts tegen hem knikt. — His fly = zijne lippen ontvloden hare kleur; omzetting voor: de kleur ontvlood zijnen lippen. — Bend = blik.



10
Mark him and write his speeches in their books,
Alas it cried, "Give me some drink, Titinius,"
As a sick girl. Ye gods, it doth amaze me
A man of such a feeble temper should
So get the start of the majestic world
And bear the palm alone. [Shout. Flourish.
Bru. Another general shout! I do believe that these applauses are For some new honours that are heap'd on Caesar.
Cass. Why, man, hedoth bestri de the narrow
j world
Like a Colossus, and we petty men Walk under his huge legs, and peep about To find ourselves dishonourable graves. Men at some time are masters of their fates; The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, But in ourselves, that we are underlings. Brutus and Caesar: what should be in that "Caesar"? Why should that name be sounded more than
yours?
Write them together, yours is as fair a name; Sound them, it doth become the mouth as well; Weigh them, it is as heavy; conjure with 'em, "Brutus" will start a spirit as soon as "Caesar". Now, in the names of all the gods at oncè, Upon what meat doth this our Caesar feed That he is grown so great? Age, thou art sham 'd!
Books, hier: annalen. — Feeble temper — zwakke (meisjesachtige) natuur (temper beteekent ook de hardheid van staal; dus zou zwak weerstandsvermogen ook kunnen). — Get .... world = op de geheele trotsche wereld een voorsprong ver krijgen; majestic staat tegenover feeble. — Bear the palm = den overwinningspalm wegdragen. — Doth bestride = (hij) staat schrijlings op (boven). —; To find ourselves = voor ons zoeken. — Ourselves = voor onszelf.' — UnderUng = klein, nietig mensch; slaaf, dienaar. — Be sounded more = vaker of krachtiger weerklinken. — To start (gew. raise) a spirit = een geest oproepen. — Shamed = te schande gemaakt, onteerd.






12
Rome, thou hast lost the breed of noble bloodst "When went there by an age, since the great
flood,
But it was fam'd with more than with one man? When could they say, till now, that talk'd of Rome, That her wide walls encompass'd but one man? i Now is it Rome indeed, and room enough, When there is in it but one only man. O, you and I have heard our fathers say There was a Brutus once that would have brook'd The eternal devil to keep his state in Rome, As easily as a kihg. Bru. That you do love me, I am nothing
jealous;
What you would work me to, I have some aim. How I have thought of this and of these times, I shall recount hereafter; for this present, I would ^not, so with love I might entreat you, Be any further mov'd. What you have said I will consider; what you have to say I will with patience hear; and find a time Both meet to hear and answer such high things. Till then, my noble friend, chew upon this: Brutus had rather be a villager Than to repute himself a son of Rome Under these hard conditions as this time
The gread flood; hiermede zal wel die van Deukalion bedoeld zijn, en niet de zondvloed. — Famed with = roemrijk gemaakt door. — Room klonk ongeveer als Rome in Sh.'s dagen. — Brook = dulden. — Uit Cassius' woorden zien wij duidelijk, dat bij hem menschenwaarde in uiterlijke dingen schuilt; in de laatste drie regels vleit hij het duiveltje van Brutus, door een beroep op dien B., die Tarquinius Superbus verjoeg. — Nothing jealous = geenszins argwanend, dus: ik ben overtuigd, dat gij mij lief hebt. — To work to =» brengen (drijven) tot. — I have some aim = ik gis ongeveer. 3— For this present = thans, op dit oogenblik. — So = indien. ■— To chew upon ' nadenken over. — ViUager — dorper. ■



13
Is like to lay upon us.
Cass. I am glad
That my weak words have struck but thus much
show
Of fire from Brutus.
Re-enter Caesar and his Train.
Bru. The games are done and Caesar is returning.
Cass. As they pass by, pluck Casca by the sleeve; And he will, af ter his sour fashion, teil you What hath proceeded worthy note do-day.
Bru. I will do so. But, look you, Cassius, The angry spot doth glow on Caesar's brow, And all the rest look like a chidden train. Calpurnia's cheek is pale; and Cicero Looks with such ferret and such fiery eyes As we have seen him in the Capitol, Being cross'd in conference by some senators.
Cass. Casca will teil us what the matter is.
Caes. Antonius!
Ant. Caesar?
Caes. Let me have men about me that are fat, Sleek-headed men and such as sleep o' nights. Yond Cassius has a lean and hungry look, He thinks too much; such men are dangerous.
Ant. Fear him not, CaBsar; he's not dangerous; He is a noble Roman and well given.
Like(ly) =s waarschijnlijk. — Thus = zoo. — Show of fire = bewijs van vuur; men denke aan het vuurstaal, dat den steen vonken ontlokt. — Sour = norsch, onvriendelijk. — Proceeded =» voorgevallen, — Worthy note = merkwaardigs. — Angry spot; men moet hieruit opmaken, dat het algemeen bekend was, dat Caesar's voorhoofd in toorn een rood vlekje vertoonde. — Ferret = scherp, fonkelend. — Being crossed = wanneer hij gedwarsboomd werd (dus: in zijn woordenstrijd met). _ Sleek-headed — gladharig; sluik haar = lank hair. — Yonder = Yond = gindsche, die. — Well given = goedgezind.



14
• Caes. Would he were fatter! But I fear him not. Yet if my name were liable to fear, I do not know the man I should avoid So soon as that spare Cassius. He reads much; He is a great observer, and he looks Quite through the deeds of men. He loves no plays A? thou dost, Antony; he hears no music; Seldom he smiles, and smiles in such a sort As if he mock'd himself and scorn'd his spirit That could be mov'd to smile at any thing. Such men as he be never at heart's ease, Whiles they behold a greater than themselves, And therefore are they very dangerous. I rather teil thee what is to be fear'd Than what I fear; for always I am Caesar. Come on my right hand, for this ear is deaf, And teil me truly what thou think'st of him. [Sennet. -Exeunt Caesar and his Train except Casca.
Casca. You pull'd me by the cloak; would you speak with me?
Bru. Ay, Casca; teil us what hath chanc'd
to-day
That Caesar looks so sad. Casca. Why, you were with him, were you not? Bru. I should not then ask Casca what had
chanc'd.
Casca. Why, there was a crown offered him; and being offered him, he put it by with the back of his hand, thus; and then the people feil a-shouting.
Liable to fear = onderhevig was aan (den invloed van) vrees. — Sort -- manier. — Scorn — verachten, smaden. — At heart's ease = (in hun hart) op hun gemak. — Whiles — zoolang. — Deaf. Dit is niet historisch. Uit die laatste woorden blijkt vooral Caesar's groote trots, die hem doet vallen. — Ch'anced = gebeurd. — Sad — boos-ernstig. — Thus = op deze manier, zóó. Feil = begonnen te.



15
Bru. What was the second noise for? Casca. Why, for that too. Cass. They shouted thrice; what was the last
cry for?
Casca. Why, for that too.
Bru. Was the crown offered him thrice?
Casca. Ay, marry was 't, and he put it by thrice, every time gentier than other; and at every putting-by mine honest neighbours shouted.
Cass. Who offered him the crown?
Casca. Why, Antony.
Bru. Teil us the manner of it, gentle Casca.
Casca. I can as well be hang'd as teil the manner of it. It was mere foolery; I did not mark it. I saw Mark Antony offer him a crown — yet 'twas not a crown neither, 'twas one of these coronets — and, as I told you, he put it by once; but, for all that, to my thinking, he would f ain have had it. Then he offered it to him again; then he put it by again; but, to my thinking, he was very loth to lay his fingers off it. And then he offered it the third time; he put it the third time by; and still as he refus'd it, the rabblement hooted and clapp'd their chopp'd hands and threw up their sweaty night-caps and uttered such a deal of stinking breath because Caesar refus'd the crown, that it had almost choked Caesar, for he swounded and feil down at it; and for mine own part, I durst not laugh, for fear of opening my lips and receiving the bad air.
Marry. uit Mary; het is oorspronkelijk een plechtige verzekering; dus: waarachtig. — Other = te voren. — Crown = vorstenkroon. — Coronet = (adellijk) kroontje (Casca, de manvan den ernst en de daad, spreekt verachtelijk van al die „kouwe drukte''). — For all that — desniettegenstaande, toch. — To my thinking = naar mijne meening. — Fain = wel graag. — Loth ....// = ongenegen er zijn vingers af te houden, er af te blijven. — Still = telkens weer. — Chopped of chapped =» gebarsten of ruw. — At it = erdoor, ervan.



16
Cass. But, soft, pray you; what, did Caesar swound?
Casca. He feil down in the market-place, and foam'd at mouth, and was speechless.
Bru. 'Tis very like; he hath the falling-sickness.
Cass. No Caesar hath it not; but you and I And honest Casca, we have the falling-sickness.
Casca. I know not what you mean by that, but I am sure Caesar feil down. If the tag-rag people did not clap him and hiss him, according as he pleas'd and displeas'd them, as they uSe to do the players in the theatre, I am no true man.
Bru. What said he when he came unto himself?
Casca. Marry, before he feil down, when he perceiv'd the common herd was glad he refus'd the crown, he pluck'd me ope his doublet and offer'd them his throat to cut. A n I had been a man of any occupation, ifl would not have taken him at a word, I would I might go to heil among the rogues. And so he feil. When he came to himself again, he said, If he had done or said any thing amiss, he desir'd their worships to think it was his fnfirmity. Three or four wenches, where I stood, cried, "Alas, good soul!" and forgave him with all their hearts. But there's no heed to be taken of them; if Caesar had stabb'd their mothers, they would have done no less.
Bru. And af ter that, he came, thus sad, away?
Casca. Ay.
Cass. Did Cicero say any thing?
■ Tag-rag people == het janhagel. — = Clap and hiss = toejuichen en uitfluiten. — True man = nfan van eer, betrouwbaar man. — Me is een ethische datief, als in: Daar ligt me de rommel; ope = open. — Doublet = kleed. — An voor het oudere and == indien. — Occupation = handwerk. — At a wórd = aan dat (ééne wóórd gehouden); misschien ook: in eens, of dadelijk (te pakken genomen had). — Worships = heerschappen. — No less = niet minder, dus: net hetzelfde.



17
Casca. Ay, he spoke Greek.
Cass. To what effect?
Casca. Nay, an I teil you that, I'U ne'erlook you i' the face again; but those that understood him smil'd at one another, and shook their heads; but, for mine own part, it was Greek to me. I could teil you more news too. Marullus and Flavius, for pulling scarfs off CsBsar's images, are put to silence. Fare you well. There was more foolery yet, if I could remember it.
Cass. Will you sup with me to-night, Casca?
Casca. No, I am promis'd forth.
Cass. Will you dine with me to-morrow?
Casca. Ay, if I be alive and your mJnd hold and your dinner worth the eating.
Cass. Good; I will expect you.
Casca. Do so. Farewell, both. [Exit.
Bru. What a b 1 u n t fellow is this grown to be! He was quick mettle when he went to school.
Cass. So is he now in execution Of any bold or noble enterprise, However he puts on this tardy form. This rudeness is a sauce to his good wit, Which gives men stomach to digest his words With better appetite.
Bru. And so it is. For this time I will leave you; To-morrow, if you please to speak with me, I will come home to you; or, if you will, Come home to me, and I will wait for you.
To what effect = wat zeide hij dan? — Greek to me = Ik begreep er niets van. — Scarfs = Zie het eerste tooneel, P- 4. — Promis'd forth = ik ben bezei, heb eene uitnoodiging. — Hold - standvastig is. — Blunt = lomp, tegenover quick mettle = van een levendig (vurig) temperament. — In execution = ter uitvoering. — However =z though = hoezeer ook. — To put on — aannemen. — Tardy = traag-onverschillige (manier). — Stomach — neiging, lust.
jULtus caesar. 6e druk.
2



18
Cass. I will do so; till then, think of the world.
[Exit Brutus. Well, Brutus, thou art noble; yet, I see, Thy honourable metal may be wrought From that it is dispos'd; therefore it is meet That noble minds keep ever with their likes; For who so firm that cannot be seduc'd? Caesar doth bear me hard, but he loves Brutus. If I were. Brutus now and he were Cassius, H e should not humour me. I will this night, In several hands, in at his Windows throw, As if they came from several citizens, Writings all ten ding to the great opinion That Rome holds of his name; wherein obscurely Caesar's ambition shall be glanced at; And after this let Caesar seat him sure, For we will shake him, or worse days endure. [Exit.
Think — denk (aan de wereld = vergeet de practische, wereldsche dingen niet; Brutus is liefst alléén, en voelt zich' getrokken tot wijsgeerige studiën). —■ Thy .... disposed =» uwe edele inborst (het w.w. wrought doet ook aan metal = metaal denken) kan bewerkt worden tot iets anders dan waartoe ze geneigd is (aanleg heeft). — Meet — geschikt, het best. Cassius ziet duidelijk in, hoe Brutus moet worden gewonnen voor de samenzwering. — To bear hard = een wrok hebben tegen. — He kan öf op C, öf op B. slaan; dit laatste doet het voorgaande he. — To humour = iemand naar zijn zin zetten. — Hands. Cassius zal dus maken, dat met verschillende hand geschriften in Brutus' huis . zullen worden geworpen. C. neemt van nu af de staatkundige leiding der samenzwering op zich. Deze moet echter ook zedelijk een leider hebben, benevens een man van de daad. Wie zullen daarvoor door den rijnen menschenkenner worden aangewezen? — Tending to = strekkende ten bewijze van, wijzende op. — Glanced at = gezinspeeld op. — Seat .... sure = zorgen, dat hij vast zit. In den laatsten regel wordt de mogelijkheid van- eene mislukking aangenomen, en dan zullen er voor de samenzweerders erger dagen aanbreken.



19
Scène III. 7%e 5a/we. A Street.
Thunder and lightning. Enter, from opposite sides, Casca, with his sword drawn, and Cicero.
Cic. Good even, Casca; brought you Caesar home? Why are you breathless? and why stare you so? Casca. Are not you mov'd, when all the sway
of earth
Shakes like a thing unfirm? i O Cicero,
I have seen tempests when the scolding winds
Have riv'd the knotty oaks, and I have seen
The ambitious ocean swell and rage and foam
To be exalted with the threat'ning clouds;
But never till to-night, never till now,
Did I go through a tempest dropping fire.
Either there is a civil strife in heaven,
Or else the world, too saucy with the gods,
Incenses them to sénd destruction.
Cic. Why, saw you any thing more wonderful?
Casca. A common slave — you know him well
' by sight —
Held up his left hand, which did flame and burn Like twenty torches joind', and yet his hand, Not sensible of fire, remain'd unscorch'd. Besides — I ha' not since put up my sword — Against the Capitol I met a lion, Who glaz'd upon me, and went surly by Without annoying me; and there were drawn
Sway of earth — machtige aarde; der Erde Wucht. Casca is bijgeloovig, en totaal ontsteld door het woeden der natuurkrachten, die hem onheilspellend voorkomen; Cicero, de kalme wijsgeer, vat den storm der elementen geheel anders op. — Unfirm = onvast. — To be exalted with = om verheven te worden tot (zoodat hij zich bruisend verhief tot). — Saacy = aanmatigend. — More wonderful; Cicero ziet hierin niets vreemds of wonderbaarlijks; vandaar ook zijne leuke vraag. — Sensible of =s gevoelig voor. — Surly — norsch, nijdig.



20
Upon a heap a hundred ghastly women, Transformed with their fear, who swore they saw Men all in fire walk up and down the streets. And yesterday the bird of night did sit Even at noon-day upon the market-place, Hooting and shrieking. When these prodigies Do so conjointly meet, let not men say, "These are their reasons; they are natural"; For, I believe, they are portentous things Unto the climate that they point upon.
Cic. Indeed, it is a strange-disposed time; But men may construe things after their fashion Clean from the purpose of the things themselves. Comes Caesar to the Capitol to-morrow?
Casca. He doth; for he did bid Antonius Send word to you he would be there to-morrow.
Cic. Good night then, Casca; this disturbed sky Is not to walk in.
Casca. Farewell, Cicero. [Exit Cicero.
Enter Cassius.
Cass. Who's there? Casca. A Roman.
Cass. Casca, by your voice.
Casca. Your ear is good. Cassius, what night
is this!
Cass. A very pleasing night to honest men. Casca. Who ever knew the heavens menace so? Cass. Those that have known the earth so full
of faults.
For my part, I have walk'd about the streets,
Transformed = vervormd (ontzet van angst). - Conjointly meet = vereenigd samentreffen. — Portentous unto = beteekenisvol, onheilspellend voor. — To point upon = gericht zijn op. — Clean from = geheel afwijkende van. — By — aan; Cassius kent de menschen; zelfs aan stem of gang, zooals den straks binnenkomenden Cinna. — Faults = verkeerdheden.









21
Submitting me unto the perilous night, And, thus unbraced, Casca, as you see, Have bar'd my bosom to the thunder-stone; And when the cross blue lightning seem'd to open The breast of heaven, I did present myself Even in the aim and very flash of it.
Casca. But wherefore did you so much tempt the heavens? It is the part of men to fear and tremble, When the most mighty gods by tokens send Such dreadful heralds to astonish us.
Cass. You are dull, Casca, and those sparks of life That should be in a Roman you do want, Or else you use not. You look pale and gaze And put on fear and cast yourself in wonder, To see the strange impatience of the heavens; But if you would consider the true cause Why all these fires, why all these gliding ghosts, Why birds and beasts, from quality and kind, Why old men, fools, and children calculate, Why all these things change from their ordinance, Their natures and pre-formed faculties To monstrous quality, why, you shall find That heaven hath infus'd them with these spirits, To make them instruments of fear and warning Unto some monstrous state. Now could I, Casca, name to thee a man Most like this dreadful night. That thunders, lightens, opens graves, and roars
Submitting me = mij blootstellende. — Unbraced = zonder gordel, met losse kleeding. — Cross = zigzag. — Aim = doelwit. — To astonish — ontstellen (oude beteekenis). — Cast .... wonder = werpt ("brengt) uzelf in een toestand van verbazing. Ook wordt hier wel case (= hullen) gelezen. — From = afwijkende van. — Ook wel: Old men fooi - als dwazen doen. — To calculate — berekenen, denken. — Preformed faculties = oorspronkelijk (met hen) geboren eigenschappen. — Monstrous = abnormaal, afwijkend.



22
As doth the lion in the Capitol, A man no mightier than thyself or me In personal action, yet prodigious grown And fearful, as these strange eruptions are. Casca. 'Tis Caesar that you mean; is it not,
Cassius?
Cass. Let it be who it is; for Romans now Have thews and limbs like to their ancestors; But, woe thé whilel our fathers' minds-are dead, And we are govern'd with our mothers' spirits; Our yoke and sufferance show us womanish.
Casca. Indeed, they say the senators to-morrow Mean to establish Caesar as a king; And he shall wear his crown by sea and land, In every place, save here in Italy.
Cass. I know where I will wear this dagger then; Cassius from bondage will deliver Cassius. Therein, ye gods, you make the weak most strong; Therein, ye gods, you tyrants do defeat; Nor stony tower, nor walls of beaten brass, Nor airless dungeon, nor strong links of iron, Can be retentive to the strength of spirit; But life, being weary of these worldly bars, Never lacks power to dismiss itself. If I know this, know all the world besides, That part of tyranny that I do bear I can shake off at pleasure. [Thunder still.
Casca. So can I;
So every bondman in his own hand bears The power to cancel his captivity.
Prodigious (grown) = ten onheil (aangegroeid), onheilspellend. — Thews = spieren. — Woe the while = wee over den tijd (helaas den dag). — Sufferance = lijdzaamheid. — Wear, hier: richten? — To defeat = défaire = teleurstellen, verwarren, vernietigen. — Be retentive to — weerhouden, in zich besloten houden. — To dismiss itself = zichzelven heen te zenden, zich vrij te maken. — To cancel, eig. een streep halen door, dus: een einde maken aan.



23
Cass. And why should Caesar be a tyrant then ? Poor man! I know he would not be a wolf, But that he sees the Romans are but sheep; He were no lion, were not Romans hinds. Those that with haste will make a mighty fire Begin it with weak straws: what trash is Rome, What rubbish and what offal, when it serves For the base matter to illuminate So vil e a thing as Caesar! But, O grief, Where hast thou led me? I perhaps speak this Bef ore a willing bondman; then I know My answer must be made. But I am arm'd, And dangers are to me indifferent.
Casca. You speak to Casca, and to such a man That is no fleering tell-tale. Hold, my hand. Be factious for redress of all these griefs, And I will set this foot of mine as far As who goes farthest.
Cass. There's a bargain made.
Now know you, Casca, I have mov'd already Some c ertain of the noblest-minded Romans To undergo with me an enterprise Of honourable-dangerous consequence, And I do know, by this they stay for me In Pompey's porch; for now, this fearful night, There is no stir or walking in the streets; And the complexion of the element
Trash = nietswaardig goed. — Matter = brandstof, zaak. — Vtle = verachtelijk, prullerig. — Before = in tegenwoordigheid van. — My answer .... made — ik moet mij verantwoorden. Men merke op, hoe gemaakt theatraal Cassius in dit geheele gesprek is geweest, om indruk te maken op den bijgeloovigen, maar toch flinken Casca. — Fleering — smalend. — Hold — neem, ziedaar. — Be factious = vorm eene partij. — Griefs - modern: grievances = grieven. — As who = als ieder (hij) die. — Some certain — eenige. — To undergo = ondernemen, bestaan. — By this = thans. — Pompey's porch — porticus Pompeii = portiek v. P. — Complexion = voorkomen, aanzien. — Element = lucht, atmosfeer.



24
In favour 's like the work we have in hand, Most bloody, fiery, and most terrible.
Enter Cinna.
Casca. Stand close awhile, for here comes one in haste.
Cass. Tis Cinna; I do know him by his gait; He is a friend.
Cinna, where haste you so? Cin. To find out you. Who's that? Metellus
Cimber?
Cass. No, it is Casca; one incorporate To our attempt. Am I not stay'd for, Cinna?
Cin. Pm glad on't. What a fearful night is this! There's two or three of us have seen strange sights.
Cass. Am I not stay'd for? teil me.
Cin. Yes, you are.
O Cassius, if you could But win the noble Brutus to our party —
Cass. Be you content. Good Cinna, take this
paper,
And look you lay it in the praetor's chair, Where Brutus may but find it; and throw this In at his window; set this up with wax Upon old Brutus' statue. All this done, Repair to Pompey's porch, where you shall find us. Is Decius Brutus and Trebonius there?
Cin. All but Metellus Cimber; and he's gone To seek you at your house. Well, I will hie, And so bestow these papers as you bade me.
Cass. That done, repair to Pompey's theatre.
[Exit Cinna. Come, Casca, you and I will yet ere day
Favour = uiterlijk, gelaat. —■ Stand close = ga ter zijde (om u aan het oog te onttrekken). — Incorporate to = ingewijd in, deel uitmakende van. — Bestow = brengen, bezorgen.



25
See Brutus at his house. Three parts of him
Is ours already, and the man entire
Upon the next encounter, y i e 1 d s him ours.
Casca. O, he sits high in all the people's hearts; And that which would appear offence in us, His countenance, like richest alchemy, Will change to virtue and to worthiness.
Cass. Him and his worth, and your great need
of him,
You have right well conceited. Let us go,
For it is after midnight; and ere day
We will awake him, and be sure of him. [Exeunt.
ACT II.
Scène I. Rome. Brutus' Qrchard.
Enter Brutus.
Bru. What, Lucius! ho! I cannot, by the progress of the stars Give guess how near to day. Lucius, I say! I would it were my fault to sleep so soundly. When, Lucius, when! • Awake, I say! What,
Lucius!
Enter Lucius.
Luc. Call'd you, my lord? Bru. Get me a taper in my study, Lucius. When it is lighted, come and call me here. Luc. I will, my lord. [Exit.
Yields .... ours = geeft zich aan onze zaak, wordt een der onzen. — Alchemy = geheime kunst, waardoor zelfs het nietswaardigste in goud werd veranderd. Hieruit blijkt, dat Cassius juist Brutus noodig heeft als den zedelijken leider der samenzwering; hijzelf is het politieke hoofd. — Conceited = begrepen, opgevat. — What = hé. — Progress = voortgang, dus: stand. — When .... when = komt ge haast?



26
Bru. It must be by his death; and for my part, I know no personal cause to spurn at him But for the general. He would be crown'd: How that might change his nature, there's the
question.
It is the bright day that brings forth the adder, And that craves wary walking. Crown him? —
that; —
And then, I grant we put a sting in him That at his will he may do danger with. The abuse of greatness is, when it disjoins R emorse from power; and, to speak truth of Caesar, I have not known when his affection sway'd More than his reason. But 't is a common proof That lowliness is young Ambition's ladder, Whereto the climber upward tums his face; But when he once attains the upmost round, He then unto the ladder tums his back, Looks in the clouds, scorning the base de grees By which he did ascend. So Caesar may; Then, lest he may, prevent. And, since the
quarrel
Will bear no col our for the thing he is, Fashion it thus: that what he is, augmented,
To spurn at = zich verzetten tegen, smadelijk weerstaan. — Na general denke men cause. Brutus legt er den nadruk op. dat hij alléén om de zaak van het gemeenebest tegen Caesar optreedt. — That = als dat geschiedt. — At hls will — naar welgevallen. — To do danger = gevaarlijk worden, kwaad doen. — Remorse = mededoogen. — When . . . reason = den tijd. dat zijne aandoeningen meer heerschten dan zijne rede, dat zijne rede onderdrukt werd door zijne hartstochten. — A common proof = iets, dat steeds blijkt. — Round = rung = sport. — Base degrees = verachtelijke sporten, trappen. — Prevent = voorkóm, belet. — Quarrel S= strijd, of twistzaak. — Colour = kleur, schijn. — Fashion . . . . extremlties = formuleer het aldus: Zoo, wat hij is, vermeerderd werd, zou het tot die en die uitersten komen.



27
Would run to these and these extremities; And therefore think him as a serpent's egg Which, hatch'd, would as his kind, grow mischievous,
And kill him m the shell.
Re-enter Lucius.
Luc. The taper burneth in your closet, sir. Searching the window for a flint, I found This paper, thus seal'd up; and I am sure I did not lie there when I went to bed.
[Gives him the letter.
Bru. Get you to bed again, it is not day. Is not to-morrow, boy, the ides of March?
Luc. I know not, sir.
Bru. Look in the calendar, and bring me word.
Luc. I will, sir. [Exit.
Bru. The exhalations whizzing in the air, Give so much light that I may read by them.
[Opens the letter and reads. "Brutus, thou sleep'st; awake and see thyself! Shall Rome, &c. Speak, strike, redress!" "Brutus; thou sleep'st; awake!" Such instigations have been often dropp'd Where I have took them up. "Shall Rome, &c." Thus must I piece it out: Shall Rome stand under one man's awe? What,
Rome?
My ancestor did from the streets of Rome The Tarquin drive, when he was call'd a king. "Speak, strike, redress!" Am I entreated
Think = houd .... voor. — Kind = gelijken. — Mischievous = kwaadaardig. — Exhalations = meteoren, lichtende dampen, etc. — Where = op plaatsen waar. —■ Took = taken. — To piece out = aanvullen. — Ancestor. De lezer denke om den trots op. zijne voorvaderen, door Cassius gewekt (pag. 12).



28
To speak and strike? O Rome, I make thee
promise, If the redress will follow, thou receivest Thy full petition at the hand of Brutus!
Re-enter Lucius.
Luc. Sir, March is wasted fifteen days.
[Knocking within. Bru. 'Tisgood. Go to the gate; somebody knocks.
[Exit Lucius. Since Cassius first did whet me against Caesar, • I have not slept.
Between the acting of a dreadful thing
And the first mot ion, all the interim is
Like a phantasma or a hideous dream.
The Genius and the mortal instruments
Are then in council; and the state of man,
Like to a little kingdom, suffers then
The nature of an insurrection.
Re-enter Lucius.
Luc. Sir, 't is^your b r o t h e r Cassius at the door, Who doth desire to see you. Bru. Is he alone?
Luc. No, Sir, there are more with him. Bru. Do you know them?
Luc. No, Sir; their hats are pluck'd about
their ears,
Make .... promise — doe u de gelofte. — Thy .... hand = uw verzoek volledig ingewilligd uit de handen. — Motion = aandrang. — Phantasma = vizioen. — The Genius — de genius (geest) des menschen. — Mortal instruments = aardsche werktuigen, die den wil van den genius moeten volbrengen. — Nature — aard. — Brother. Cassius was, door zijn huwelijk met Brutus' halfzuster, diens zwager = brother-in-law. — Hat = hoofddeksel, muts, etc. — Plucked = getrokken.



29
And half their faces buried in their cloaks, That by no means I may discover them By any mark of favour.
Bru. ' Let 'em enter. [Exit Lucius.
They are the faction. O Conspiracy, Sham'st thou to show Ihy dangerous brow by
night,
When evils are most free? O, then by day Where wilt thou find a cavern dark enough To mask thy monstrous visage? Seek none,
Conspiracy!
Hide it in smiles and affability;
For if thou path thy native semblance on,
Not Erebus itself were dim enough
To hide thee from prevention.
Enter Cassius, Casca, Decius, Cinna, Metellus Cimber, and Trebonius.
Cass. I think we are too b o 1 d upon your rest. Good morrow, Brutus; do we trouble you?
Bru. I have been up this hour, awake all night. Know I these men that come along with you?
Cass. Yes, every man of them; and no man here But honours you; and every one doth wish You had but that opinion of yourself' Which every noble Roman bears of you. This is Trebonius.
Bu. He is welcome hither.
Mark .... favour = teeken des gelaats, gelaatstrek.. — Faction: Zie factious, p. 23. — Sham'st thou = schaamt gij u. — Affability = vriendelijkheid. — Path = rondgaan. — Native semblance = natuurlijk voorkomen, uiterlijk. — Erebus = het rijk der schimmen, hel. — Prevention = verhindering, door ontdekt te worden, dus: ontdekking. — Bout upon = vrijmoedig inbreuk makende op. — But = of hij; ook: die niet. Cassius vleit het drupje boosheid in Brutus steeds meer.



30
Cass. ThiSj Decius Brutus. Bru. He is welcome too.
Cass, This, Casca; this, Cinna; and this, Metellus Cimber.
Bru. They are all welcome. What watchful cares do interpose themselves Betwixt your eyes and night? Cass. Shall I entreat a word?
[Brutus and Cassius whisper. Dec. Here lies the east; doth not the day break
here?
Casca. No.
Cin. O, pardon, sir, it doth; and yon gray lines That fret the clouds are messengers of day. Casca. You shall confess that you are both
deceiv'd.
Here, as I point my sword, the sun arises, Which is a great way growing on the south, Weighing the youthful season of the year. Some two months hence up higher toward the north He first presents his fire; and the high east Stands, as the Capitol, directly here.
Bru. Give me your hands all over, one by one.
Cass. And let us swear our resolution.
Bru. Not, not an oath! If not the face of men, The sufferance of our souls, the time's abuse, If these be mótives weak, break off Detimes, And every man hence to this idle bed;
Shall .... entreat = mag ik u verzoeken om. — Fret = door .... breken. — Growing .... south = (een heel eind) naar het Zuiden toe; de zon gaat in het begin van het jaar (Maart was toen de eerste maand) op in het Z.O. — Weighing = in aanmerking genomen. — High east = precies het oosten. — All over — allen gezamenlijk, — Oath. Cassius en Brutus zijn het hier voor het eerst oneens. C. kent de menschen, en acht hen door een eed beter gebonden. B. krijgt gelijk: de zedelijke leider wint het van het politieke hoofd, wat de samenzwering niet ten goede komt. — Abuse = onrecht.



31
So let high-sighted tyranny range on, Till each man drop by lottery. But if these, As I am sure they do, bear fire enough To kindie cowards and to steel with valour The mei tin g spirits of women, then, countrymen, What need we any spur but our own cause, To prick us to redress? what other bond Than secret Romans, that have spoke the word, And will not palter? and what other oath Than honesty to honesty engag'd, That this shall be, or we will fall for it? Swear priests and cowards and men cautelous; Old feeble carrions and such suffering souls That welcome wrongs; unto bad causes swear Such creatures as men doubt; but do not stain The even virtue of our enterprise, Nor the insuppressive mettle of our spirits, To think that or our cause or our performance Did need an oath; when every drop of blood That every Roman bears, and nobly bears, Is guilty of a several bastardy, If he do break the smallest partiele Of any promise that hath pass'd from him. Cass. But what of Cicero ? Shall we sound him ?
High-sighted — de hooggezetene (die uit de hoogte neerziet), aanmatigende. — To range on = voortheerschen, voortschrijden. — These staat vóór een in gedachten aan te vullen motives. — Melting = teeder. — What = waarom. — To prick = aan te sporen. — Bond = band, hier: gelofte (tegenover den door C. gewilden eed). — Palter = terugdeinzen. — Swear = beëedig. — Cautelous = arglistig, niet te vertrouwen. — Carrion is verachtelijk voor een afgeleefde. — Suffering — lijdzaam. — Unto = voor. — Doubt = wantrouwen. — Even = vlak, rein. — Insuppressive — niet te onderdrukken, onbedwingbaar, ontembaar. — Several drukt uit, dat iedere droppel bloeds op zichzelf den trouwbreker verachtelijk maakt als een bastaard. — Sound = polsen. Weer is Cassius (daarin eerst gesteund door de anderen; later gaan dezen met Brutus mede) het oneens met B.



32
I think he will stand very strong with us.
Casca. Let us not leave him out.
Cin. No, by no means.
Met. O, let us have him, for his silver hairs Will purchase us a good opinion And buy men's voices to commend our deeds. It shall be said, his judgment rul'd our hands; Our youths and wildness shall no whit appear. But all be buried in his gravity.
Bru. O, name him not; let us not break with
him;
For he will never follow any thing That other men begin.
Cass. Then leave him out.
Casca. Indeed he is not fit.
Dec. Shall no man else be touch'd but only
Caesar?
Cass. Decius, well urg'd. I think it is not meet, Mark Antony, so well belov'd of Caesar, Should outlive Caesar. We shall find of him A shrewd contri ver; and, you know, his means, If he improve them, may well stretch so far As to annoy us all; which to prevent, Let Antony and Caesar fall together.
Bru. Our course will seem too bloody, Caius
Cassius,
To cut the head off, and then hack the limbs, Like wrath in death, and envy afterwards; For Antony is but a limb of Caesar.
Opinion = naam, meening. — No whit — geenszins. — Gravity = ernst (tegenover youths en wildness). — To break with = (iets) mededeel en aan. — Urged = te pas gebracht. — Of = in. — Shrewd contriver = sluw plannenmaker. — To improve = zich zoo goed mogelijk ten nutte maken. — Wrath in = woede bij. — Envy = kwaadaardigheid. (Zooals blijkt, zijn voor de derde maal C en B. het oneens; weer overwint de laatste, tot schade, zooals wij later zullen zien. van Cassius' politieke bedoelingen).



33
Let us be sacrificers, but not butchers, Caius. We all stand up against the spirit of Caesar, And in the spirit of men there is no blood; O that we then could come by Caesar's spirit, And not dismember Caesar! But, alas, Caesar must bleed for it! And, gentle friends, Let 's kill him boldly, but not wrathfully; Let 's carve him as a dish fit for the gods, Not hew him as a carcass fit for hounds; And let our hearts, as subtle masters do, Stir up their servants to an act of rage, And after seem to chide 'em. This shall make Our purpose necessary and not envious; Which so appearing to the common eyes, We shall be call'd purgers, not murderers. And for Mark Antony, think not of him; For he can do no more than Caesar's arm When Caesar's head is off.
Cass. Yet I fear him;
For in the ingrafted love he bears to Caesar —
Bru. Alas, good Cassius, do not think of him. If he love Caesar, all that he can do Is to himself, take thought and die for Caesar; And that were much he should, for he is given To sports, to wildness, and much company.
Treb. There is no fear in him; let him not die; For he will" live, and laugh at this hereafter.
[Clock strikes.
Bru. Peace! count the clock.
Cass. The clock hath stricken three.
Come by = bereiken, dooden. — Servants = de dienaren (des harten), b.v. de handen. — Purpose = (handeling tot bereiking van ons) doel. — Common = algemeen, dus: van het geheele volk. — Pufger = zuiveraar, heelmeester, arts. — For — wat aangaat. — Ingrafted = diep geworteld. — Is to himself = is jegens zichzelven, betreft hemzelf alléén. — To take thought — zich bekommeren, treuren. — He should = if he should do that. — Fear — reden tot vrees.
Julius Caesar, 6e druk.
3



34
Treb. Tis time to part.
Cass. But it is doubtful yet
Whether Caesar will come forth to-day or no; .For he is superstitious grown of late, Quite from the main opinion he held once Of fantasy, of dreams, and ceremonies. It may be these apparent prodigies, The unaccustom'd terror of this night, And the persuasion of his augurers, May hold him from the Capitol to-day.
•Dec. Never fear that. If he be so resolv'd, I can o'ersway him; for he loves to hear That unicorns may be betray'd with trees, And bears with glasses, elephants with holes, Lions with toils, and men with flatterers; But when I teil him he hates flatterers, He says he does, being then most flattered. Let me work;
For I can give his humour the true bent, And I will bring him to the Capitol.
Cass. Nay, we will all of us be there to
fetch him.
Bru. By the eighth hour; is that the uttermost?
Cin. Be that the uttermost, and fail not then.
Met. Caius Ligarius doth bear Caesar hard, Who rated him for speaking well of Pompey. I wonder none of you have thought of him.
Bru. Now, good Metellus, go along by him. He loves me well, and I have given him reasons; Send him but hither, and I'll fashion him.
Cass. The morning comes upon 's. We'11 leave.
you, Brutus.
From .... opinion = afwijkende van zijne hoofdmeening. — Apparent = duidelijke. Voor prodigy zie p. 19—20. — Unaccustomed = ongewoon. — O'ersway =t overreden. — Unicom = éénhoorn (fabelachtig dier). — Toil = net. — Work = begaan. — Humour.... bent = gril of zin de ware richting. — There =s aan Caesar's woning. — To bear hard. Zie p. 18. — Fashion s= fatsoeneeren, winnen, overhalen.



35
And, friends. disperse yourselves; but all remember What you have said, and show yourselves true
Romans.
Bru. Good gentlemen, look fresh and merrily. Let not our looks put on our purposes, But bear it as our Roman actors do, With untir'd spirits and for mal constancy. And so good morrow to you every one.
[Exeunt all but Brutus.Boy! Lucius! Fast asleep? It is no matter; Énjoy the honey-h-eavy dew of slumber. Thou hast no figures nor no fantasies Which busy care draws in the brains of men; Therefore thou sleep st so sound.
Enter Portia.
Por. Brutus, my lord!
Bru. Portia, what mean you? wherefore rise
you now?
It is not for your health thus to commit Your weak condition to the raw cold morning. Por. Nor for yours neither. You've ungently,
Brutus,
Stole from my bed; and yesternight, at supper,
You suddenly arose, and walk'd about,
Musing and sighing, with your arms across;
And when I ask'd you what the matter was,
You star'd upon me with ungentle looks.
I urg'd you further; then you scratch'd your head,
And too impatiently stamp'd with your foot.
Looks .... purposes = (laten niet) onze blikken (ons gelaat) het kleed van onze bedoelingen aantrekken, laat ons gelaat ons plan niet verraden. — Formal = naar den vorm, naar 'het uiterlijk. — Honey-heavy = zwaar van honig; dus: den zoeten slaap. — Figures = voorstellingen. — To commit = blootstellen. — Condition = gestel.



36
Yet I insisted, yet you answer'd not, But with an angry wafture of your hand Gave sign for me to leave you. So I did, Fearing to strengthen that impatience Which seem'd too much enkindled, and withal Hoping it was but an effect of humour, Which sometime hath his hour with every man. It will not let you eat, nor talk, nor sleep, ' And could it work so much upon your shape, As it hath much prevail'd on your condition, I should not know you, Brutus. Dear my lord, Make me acquainted with your cause of grief.
Bru. I am not well in health, and that is all.
Por. Brutus is wise, and, were he not in health, He would embrace the means to come by it.
Bru. Why, so I do. Good Portia, go to bed.
Por. Is Brutus sick? and is it physical To walk unbraced, and suck up the humours Of the dank morning? What, is Brutus sick, And will he steal out of his wholesome bed, To da re the vile confagion of the night, And tempt the rheumy and unpurged air To add unto his sickness? No, my Brutus; You have some sick offence within your mind, Which, by the right and virtue of my place, I ought to know of: and, upon my knees I charm you, by my once commended beauty,
Yet yet = nog steeds toch. — Wafture — wuiving (van
de hand), handgebaar. — Impatience = toom (over iets dat men niet dulden kan). — It slaat op impatience. — Prevalled condition = invloed (gehad heeft) op uwe stemming, uw gemoed (innerlijk, tegenover shape). — Come by = verkrijgen. — Physical = geneeskrachtig, heilzaam, gezond. — Unbraced, zie p. 21. — Humours = vochten, dampen. — Dank = vochtig. — 7b dare = tarten. — Rheumy = verkoudheid bezorgend. Rheum is het vocht uit oogen en neus bij zware koude. — Sick offence = ziekteverwekkend kwaad. — By . . . . of = rechtens en krachtens. — Charm = bezweren.



37
By all your vows of love and that great vow Which did incorporate and make us one, That you unfold to me, yourself, your half, Why you are heavy, and what men to-night Have had resort to you; for here have been Some six of seven, who did hide their faces Even from darkness.
Bru. Kneel not, gentle Portia.
Por. I should not need, if you were gentle Brutus. Within the bond of marriage, teil me, Brutus, Is it excepted I should know no secrets That appertain to you? Am I yourself But, as it were, in sort or limitation, To keep with you at meals, comfort your bed, And talk to you sometimes? Dweil I but in the
surburbs
Of your good pleasure? If it be no more, Portia is Brutus' harlot, not his wife.
Bru. You are my true and honourable wife, As dear to me as are the ruddy drops That visit my sad heart.
Por. If this were true, then should I know this
secret.
I grant I am a woman; but withal
A woman that Lord Brutus took to wife.
I grant I am a woman; but withal
A woman well-reputed, Cato's daughter.
Think you I am no stronger than my sex,
Being so father'd and so husbanded?
Incorporate = tot één (lichaam) maken. — Heavy = bezwaard, gedrukt. — Is it excepted = is (in ons huwelijksverdrag) het voorbehoud, of de uitzondering gemaakt? — In ! . . . limitation = in zekeren zin of zekere beperking. — In ... . pleasure = in de voorsteden (dus niet in het midden) vdn uw welbehagen (liefde, hart). — Being .... husbanded = met zülk een vader en zulk een man. (Burgerdijk's mooie vertaling luidt: „Ik, spruit van zulk een stam, geënt op u"?).






39
Teil me your counsels, I will not disclose 'em. I have made strong proof of my constancy, Giving myself a voluntary wound Here, in the thigh; can I bear that with patience, And not my husband's secrets?
Bru. O ye g°ds!
Render me worthy of this noble wife.
[Knocking within. Hark, hark! one knocks. Portia, go in awhile, And by and by thy bosom shall partake The secrets of my heart.
All my engagements I will construe to thee, All the charactery of my sad brows. Leave me with haste. [Exit Portia] Lucius, who s
that knocks?
Re-enter Lucius with Ligarius.
Luc. Here is a sick man that would speak with you. Bru. Caius Ligarius, that Metellus spake of. Boy, stand aside. Caius Ligarius! how?
Lig. Vouchsafe good-morrow from a feeble
tongue.
Bru. O, what a time have you chose out, brave
Caius,
To wear a kerchief! Would you were not sick!
Lig. I am not sick, if Brutus have in hand Any exploit worthy the name of honour.
Bru. Such an exploit have I in hand, Ligarius, Had you a healthful ear to hear of it.
Lig. By all the gods that Romans bow bef ore,
Counsels = (geheime) plannen. — Proof = proef. — Constancy = vastheid, volharding. — With patience = lijdzaam. — To partake = deelhebben aan. — To construe = duidelijk maken. — Charactery = trekken (eig. schrift). — How = hoe nu? — To vouchsafe = zich verwaardigen aan te nemen. — Kerchief = doek om het hoofd, als teeken van ongesteldheid.



40
I here discard my sickness! Soul of Rome! Brave son, deriv'd from honourable loins! Thou, like an exorcist, hast coajhr'd up My mortified spirit. Now bid me run, And I will strive with things impossible; Yea, get the better of them. What's to dp? Bru. A piece of work that will make sick men
who le.
Lig. But are not some whole that we must
make sick?
Bru. That must we also. What it is, my Caius, I shall unfold to thee, as we are going To whom it must be done.
Lië- Set on your foot,
And with a heart new-fir'd I follow you, To do I know not what; but it sufficeth That Brutus leads me on. [Thunder.
Bru- Follow me then. [Exeunt
Scène II. Caesar's Mouse.
Thunder and lightning. Enter Caesar, in his nightgown.
Cms. Nor heaven nor earth have been at peace
to-night.
Thrice hath Calpurnia in her sleep cried out, "Help! ho! they murder Caesar!" Who's within?
To discard = afrukken (tegelijkertijd rukt hij den kerchief af). — Mortified = gevoelloos, dood (zijn geest wordt door B. weder tot het leven gewekt). — To make whole == heelen. — Whom = hem, wien. Uit de laatste woorden van L. blijkt, hoe machtig Brutus' zedelijke invloed is, en hoe goed Cassius ingezien heeft, dat hij B. aan de partij moest verbinden. — Within; op het tooneel beteekent dit altijd eene kamer of eene plaats niet op het tooneel (achter de coulissen).



41
Enter a Servant* Serv. My lord?
Gces. Go bid the priests do present sacrifice And bring me their opinions of success. Serv. I will, my lord. [Exit.
Enter Calpurnia.
Cal. What mean you, Csesar? think you to walk
forth?
You shall not stir out of your house to-day. Cces. Caesar shall forth. The things that threat-
en'd me
Ne'er look'd but on my back; when they shall see The face of Csesar, they are vanished.
Cal. Csesar, I never stood on ceremonies, Yet now they fright me. There is one within, Besides the things that we have heard and seen, Recounts most horrid sights seen by the watch A lioness hath whelped in the streets; And graves have yawn'd, and yielded up their dead; Fierce fiery warriors fought upon the clouds, In ranks and squadrons and right form of war, Which drizzled blood upon the Capitol; The noise of battle hurtled in the air, Horses did neigh, and dying men did groan, And ghosts did shriek and s q u e a 1 about the streets O Caesar! these things are beyond all use, And I do fear them.
Gces. What can be avoided,
Whose end is purpos'd by the mighty gods?
Stood.... ceremonies — bekommerde mij (nooit) om voorteekenen. — Drizzled = deed nederdruipen. — Hurtled = kletterde, ratelde. — Squeal = Jammeren. — Beyond . . . . use = afwijkend van allen regel (gewoonte). — Whose slaat op het voorgaande What, of wel: Avoided by him ....



42
Yet Caesar shall go forth; for these predictions Are to the world in general as to Caesar.
Cal. When beggars die there are no cornets seen; The heavens themselves blaze forth the death of princes.
Cces. Cowards die many times before their deaths; The valiant never taste of death but once. Of all the wonders that I yet have heard, It seems to me most strange that men should fear; Seeing that death, a necessary end, Will come when it will come.
Re-enter Servant.
What say the augurers? Serv. They would not have you to stir forth
to-day.
Plucking the entrails of an offering forth, They could not find a heart within the beast.
Cces. The gods do this in shame of cowardice; Caesar should be a beast without a heart, If he should stay at home to-day for fear. No, Caesar shall not; danger knows full well That Caesar is more dangerous than he. We are two lions litter'd in one day, And I the elder and more terrible; And Caesar shall go forth.
Cal. Alas, my lord,
Your wisdom is consum'd in confidence. Do not go forth to-day; call it my fear
Are to = gelden voor, zijn van toepassing op. — To blaze forth = door vlammend schrift aankondigen. — Will.... will = zal komen als hij wil. — Have .... stir = hebben dat gij u buitenshuis begeeft. In shame of = ter beschaming van. — Danger is hier verpersoonlijkt. — Consumed in — verteerd door, gaat verloren door (uw al te groot vertrouwen. Caesar's trots neemt steeds toe; alleen zijn wil zal heerschen).



43
That keeps you in the house, and not your own. We'11 send Mark Antony to the senate-house, And he shall say you are not well to day. Let me, upon my knee, prevail in this.
Gces. Mark Antony shall say I am not well; And, for thy humour, I will stay at home.
Enter Decius.
Here's Decius Brutus, he shall teil them so.
Dec. Caesar, all hail! good morrow, worthy Caesar; I come to fetch you to the senate-house.
Cces. And you are come in very happy time To bear my greeting to the senators, And teil them that I will not come to-day. Cannot, is false, and that I dare not, falser; I will not come to day. Teil them so, Decius.
Cal. Say he is sick.
Gors. Shall Caesar send a lie?
Have I in conquest stretch'd mine arm so far, To be afeard to teil graybeards the truth? Decius, go teil them Caesar will not come.
Dec. Most mighty Caesar, let me know some cause, Lest I be laugh'd at when I teil them so.
Gces. The cause is in my will; I will not come; That is enough to satisfy the senate. But, for your private satisfaction, Because I love you, I will let you know: Calpurnia here, my wife, stays me at home. She dreamt to-night she saw my statua, Which, like a fountain with an hundred spouts, Did run pure blood; and many lusty Romans Came smiling and did bathe their hands in it: And these
For thy humour = ter wille van uw (grilligen) wensch. — Afeard — bevreesd. — Private satisfaction = persoonlijke voldoening. — Stays = doet (mij) blijven.



44
Does she apply for warnings and porténts
And evils imminent, and on her knee
Hath begg'd that I will stay at home to-day.
Dec. This dream is all amiss interpreted; It was a vision fair and fortunate. Your statue spouting blood in many pipes, In which so many smiling Romans bath'd, Signifies that from you great Rome shall suck Reviving blood, and that great men shall press For tinctures, stains, relics, and cognizance. This by Calpurnia's dream is signified.
Gces. And this way have you well expounded it.
Dec. I have, when you have heard what I
can say;
And know it now. The senate have concluded
To give this day a crown to mighty Caesar.
If you shall send them word you will not come,
Their minds may change. Besides, it were a m o c k
Apt to be render'd, for some one to say,
"Break up the senate till another time,
When Caesar's wife shall meet with better dreams."
If Caesar hide himself, shall they not whisper,
"Lo, Caesar is af raid"?
Pardon me, Caesar; for my dear dear love
To your proceeding bids me teil you this;
And reason to my love is liable.
Gces. How foolish do your fears seem now,
Calpurnia!
I am ashamed I did yield to them. Give me my robe, for I will go.
Portents = (slechte) voorteekenen. — Tinctufes = druppels bloed, kleuren. — Cognizance = onderseheidingsteeken(en). — Concluded = besloten. — Mock = spot. — Rendered = als tegenantwoord (te worden) gegeven. — To . . . . proceeding = vbor uwe handelwijze. — Reason .... liable = mijn verstand (overleg) is ondergeschikt aan mijne liefde voor u. — Robe = toga.



45
Enter Publius, Brutus, Ligarius, Metellus, Casca, Trebonius and Cinna.
And look where Publius is come to fetch me.
Pub. Good morrow, Caesar.
Cais. Welcome, Publius.
What, Brutus, are you stirr'd so early too? Good morrow, Casca. Caius Ligarius, Caesar was ne'er so much your enemy As that same ague which hath made you lean. What is 't o'clock?
Bru. Caesar, 't is strucken eight.
Gms. I thank you for your pains and courtesy.
Enter Antony.
See! Antony, that revels long o' nights,
Is notwithstanding up. Good morrow, Antony.
Ant. So to most noble Caesar.
Gces. Bid them prepare within;
I am to blame to be thus waited for. Now, Cinna; now, Metellus; what, Trebonius! I have an hour's talk in store for you; Remember that you call on me to-day. Be near me, that I may remember you.
Treb. Caesar, I will; [Aside] and so near will I be, That your best friends shall wish I had been further.
Gas. Good friends, go in, and taste some wine
with me;
And we, like friends, will straightway go together. Bru. [Aside] That every like is not the same,
O Caesar,
The heart of Brutus y e a r n s to think upon! [Exeunt.
Stirr'd = op, in beweging. — So = hetzelfde, insgelijks. — Call on = een beroep doet op. — Like .... same = (met toespeling op Caesars woorden: like friends) ieder die gelijk is aan een vriend (die op een vriend lijkt), is nog geen vriend. — Yeams == treurt, jammert. Hiervoor wordt ook earn gevonden.



46
Scène III. A Street near the Capitol.
Enter Artemidorus readlng a paper.
Art. "Caesar, beware of Brutus; take heed of Cassius; come not near Casca; have an eye to Cinna; trust not Trebonius; mark well Metellus Cimber; Decius Brutus loves thee not; thou hast wronged Caius Ligarius. There is but one mtnd in all these men, and it is bent against Caisar: If thou beest not Immortal, look about you; security glves way to conspiracy. Themighty gods defend thee! Thy lover. Artemidorus."
Here will I stand till Caesar pass along,
And as a suitor will I give him this.
My heart laments that virtue cannot live
Out of the teeth of emulation.
If thou read this, O Caesar, thou mayst live;
If not, the Fates with traitors do contrive. [Exit.
ScenE IV. Another Part of the same Street, before the House of Brutus.
Enter Portia and Lucius.
Por. I prithee boy, run to the senate-house; Stay not to answer me, but get thee gone. Why dost thou stay?
Luc, To know my errand, madam.
Por. I would have had thee there, and here again, Ere I can teil thee what thou shouldst do there.
Beest = zijt = art. — Security = al te groote zekerheid, zoo men zich al te veilig waant. — Glves way = baant den weg voor. — Emulation = jaloerschheid. — Contrive = samenspannen. — Prithee = bid u. In dit tooneeltje is de zenuwachtige angst en gejaagdheid van Portia meesterlijk geschilderd.






48
[Aside] O constancy, be strong upon my side, Set a huge mountain 'twëen my heart und tongue! I have a man's mind, but a woman's might. How hard it is for women to keep counsel! Art thou here yet?
Luc. Madam, what should I do?
Run to the Capitol, and nothing else?
Por. Yes, bring me word, boy, if thy lord
look well,
For he went sickly forth; and take good note» What Caesar doth, what suitors press to him. Hark, boy! what noise is that?
Luc. I hear none, madam.
Por. Prithee, listen well;
I heard a bustling rumour, like a fray. And the wind brings it from the Capitol.
Luc. Sooth, madam, I hear nothing.
Enter Soothsayer.
Por. Come hither, fellow; which way hast thou
been?
Sooth. At mine own house, good lady.
Por. What is 't o'clock?
Sooth. About the ninth hour, lady.
Por. Is Caesar yet gone to the Capitol?
Sooth. Madam, not yet; I go to take my stand, To see him pass on to the Capitol.
Por. Thou hast some suit to Caesar, hast thou not?
Sooth. That I have, lady; if it will please C«Bsar To be so good to Caesar as to hear me, . I shall beseech him to befriend himself.
Constancy ■— vastheid, standvastigheid. — Might. Portia had een mannenziel met vrouwenkracht. — Counsel = een geheim (bewaren). — Bustling rumour = verward geraas. — Sooth = waarlijk. — Yet = al. — To befriend oneself = zichzelf ten vriend zijn.



49
Por. Why, know'st thou any harm's in ten de d
iowards him? Sooth. None that I know will be, much thal I fear may chance Good morrow to you. Here the street is narrow; The throng that follows Caesar at the heels, Of senators, of praetors, common suitors, Will crowd a feeble man almost to death. I'll get me to a place more void, and there Speak to great Caesar as he comes along. [Exit.
Por. I must go in. Ay me, how weak a thing The heart of woman is! O Brutus, The heavens speed thee in thine enterprise!
[7b herself.
Sure, the boy heard me. Brutus hath a suit That Caesar will not grant. O, I grow faint. Run, Lucius, and commend me to my lord;
[7b Lucius.
Say I am merry. Come to me again,
And bring me word what he doth say to thee.
[Exeunt severally.
ACT III.
Scène I. Rome. Before the Capitol.
A Crowd of People: among them Artemidorus and the Soothsayer. Flourish. Enter Caesar, Brutus, Cassius, Casca, Decius, Metellus, Trebonius, Cinna, Antony, Lepidus, Publius and Popilius.
Cces. The ides of March are come.
[7b the Soothsayer.
Intended = gesmeed. Duitseri.- „geplant". — Get me = mij begeven. — Ay — ai (als jammerklacht). — Speed = (mogen) succes geven. — Suit = verzoek. Hierin wordt aangeduid, wat de saamgezworenen zullen doen, vóór zij de dolken gebruiken. — Commend me = breng mijne groete.
julius caesak, 6e druk.
4



50
Sooth. Ay, Caesar; but not gone.
Art. Hail, Caesar! read this schedule.
Dec. Trebonius doth desire you to o'er-read, At your best leisure, this his humble suit.
Art. O Caesar, read mine first; for mine's a suit That touches Caesar nearer: read it, great Caesar.
Cces. What touches us ourself shall be last serv'd.
Art. Delay not, Caesar, read it instantly.
Cces. What, is the fellow mad?
Pub. Sirrah, give place.
Cass. What, urge you your petitions in the street? Come to the Capitol.
Caesar goes to the Senate-house, the rest following.
Pop. I wish your enterprise to-day may thrive.
Cass. What enterprise, Popilius?
Pop. Fare you well.
[Advances to Caisar. Bru. What said Popilius Lena? Cass. He wish'd to-day our enterprise might
thrive.
I fear our purpose is discovered.
Bru. Look, how he mak es to Caesar; mark him.
Cass. Casca, Be sudden, for we fear prevention. Brutus, what shall be done? If this b.e known, Cassius or Caesar never shall turn back, For I will slay myself. ■
Bru. Cassius, be constant;
Popilius Lena speaks not of our purposes,
Served — behandeld. — Thrive = goed gaan, gelukken. Het blijkt, zoowel uit de woorden van den Soothsayer als uit die van Popilius, dat iets van de samenzwering is uitgelekt. — Makes = zich begeeft. — Constant = bedaard, kalm. Brutus blijft, als stoïcijn, waardig en kalm tegenover den hartstochtelijken Cassius



51
For, look, he smiles, and Caesar doth not change. Cass. Trebonius knows his time, for, look you,
Brutus,
He draws Mark Antony out of the way.
[Exeunt Antony and Trebonius. Dec. Where is Metellus Cimber? Let him go, And presently prefer his suit to Caesar.
Bru. He is address'd; press near and second
him.
Cin. Casca, you are the first that rears your
hand.
Casca. Are we all ready? Cais. What is now amiss,
That Caesar and his senate must redress?
Met. Most high, most mighty, and most puissant
Caesar,
Metellus Cimber throws before thy seat
An humble heart. — [Kneeling.
Cces. .i.A<^ I must prevent thee, Cimber.
These couchings and these lowly courtesies Might fire the blood of ordinary men, And turn pre-ordinance and first decree Into the law of children. Be not fond To think that Caesar bears such rebel blood That will be thaw'd from the true quality With that which melteth fools; I mean, sweet
words,
Low-crooked court'sies, and base spaniel-fa wning.
Draws . . . way — leidt ... ter zijde. Duidelijk zien wij, wat de samenzweerders hadden afgespioken. Address'd — klaar, bereid. — Rears = beweegt, opheft. Aan Casca, den man der daad, is de eerste stoot toegewezen. — Couchings — kruiperijen (eig. het zich neerleggen, als van vleiende honden). — Pre-ordinance = vroegere besluiten of gebruiken. —■ Fond — (zoo) dwaas (om). — Rebel blood = bloed, dat tegen zichzelf in verzet komt, dus: (zoo) onstandvastig (is). — Thawed from .... quality = ontdooid (worden) zóó dat het zijn warea aard Verliest. — With that = door datgene, door die middelen. — Spaniel-fawning = hondengevlei, hondengekwispei.



52
Thy brother by decree is banished;
If thou dost bend and pray and fawn for him,
I spurn thee like a cur out of my way.
Know, Caesar doth not wrong, nor without cause
Will he be satisfied.
Met. Is there no voice more worthy than my own, To sound more sweetly in great Caesar's ear For the repealing of my banish'd brother?
Bru. I kiss thy hand, but not in flattery, Caesar; Desiring thee that Publius Cimber may Have an immediate freedom of repeal.
Gces. What, Brutus!
Cass. Pardon, Caesar; Ca?sar, pardon!
As low as to thy foot doth Cassius fall, To beg enfranchisement for Publius Cimber.
Cces. I could be well mov'd, if I were as you; If I could pray to move, prayers would move me; But I am constant as the northern star, Of whose true-fix'd and resting quality There is no fellow in the firmament The skies are painted with unnumber'd sparks, They are all fire, and every one doth shine; But there's but one in all doth hold his place. So in the world; 'tis furnish'd well with men, And men are flesh and blood, and apprehensive; Yet in the number I do know but one That unassailable holds on his rank, Unshak'd of motion: and that I am he. Let me a little show it, even in this:
Repealing — terugroeping (uit de verbanning). — Enfranchisement — bevrijding, vrijheid. — Constant = vast Al de trots van Caesar komt hier uit tegenover de kleine menschjes, die als kinderen van hunne luimen afhangen. — Resting = ongestoord. — Apprehensive = begaafd met het vermogen om te begrijpen. — Holds on his rank — zijne plaats behoudt. — Unshaked of motten == ongeschokt door beweging (aandoening), roerloos.



53
That I was constant Cimber should be banish'd, And constant do remain to keep him so. Cin. O Caesar, —
Cces. Hence! wilt thou lift up Olympus? Dec. Great Caesar, —
Cces. Doth not Brutus bootless kneel?
Casca. Speak, hands for me! [Casca stabs Caesar in the neck. Gmsar catches
hold of hts arm. He is then stabbed by several
other Conspirators, and last by Marcus Brutus.
Cces. Et fu Brute! Then fall, Caesar! [Dies. The Senators and People rettre in confusion.
Cin. Liberty! Freedom! Tyranny is dead! Run hence, proclaim, cry it about the streets.
Cass. Some to the common p u 1 p i t s, and cry out, "Liberty, freedom, and enfranchisement!'' ,
Bru. People and senators, be not affrighted; Fly not; stand still; ambition's debt is paid.
Casca. Go to the pulpit, Brutus.
Dec. And Cassius too.
Bru. Where's Publius?
Cin. Here, quite confounded with this mutiny. Met. Stand fast together, lest some friend of
Caesar's
Should chance —
Bru Talk not of standing. Publius, good cheer; There is no harm intended to your person, Nor to no Roman else. So teil them, Publius.
Cass. And leave us, Publius; lest that the people, Rushing on us, should do your age some mischief.
Bru. Do so; and let no man abide this deed, But we the doers.
Olympus, als iets groots en zwaars. — Bootless = vruchteloos. — Pulpit = spreekgestoelte. — Ambition's .... paid = de eerzucht heeft hare schuld gedelgd. Vooral om Caesars eerzucht had B. aan de samenzwering deelgenomen (zie p. 26). — Mutiny = oproer. — Ablde = verantwoordelijk zijn voor, boeten. — But — behalve.



54
Re-enter Trebonius.
Cass. Where's Antony? ■
Tre. Fled to his house amaz'd.
Men, wives, and children stare, cry out, and run, As it were doomsday.
Bru. Fates, we will know your pleasures.
That we shall die, we know; 'tis but the time And drawing days out, that men stand upon.
Cass. Why; he that cuts off twenty years of life, Cuts off so many years of fearing death.
Bru. Grant that, and then is death a benefit: So are we Caesar's friends, that have abridg'd His time of fearing death. Stoop, Romans, stoop, And let us bathe our hands in Caesar's blood Up io the elbows, and besmear our swords; Then walk we forth, even to the market-place, And, waving our red weapons o'er our heads, Let's all cry, "Peace, freedom, and liberty!"
Cass. Steep, then, and wash. How many ages
hence
Shall this our lofty scène be acted over In states unborn and accents yet unknown!
Bru. How many times shall Caesar bleed in sport, That now on Pompey's basis lies along No worthier than the dust!
Cass. So oft as that shall be,.
So often shall the knot of us be call'd The men that gave their country liberty.
Dec. What, shall we forth?
Cass. Ay, every man away.
As — as if = alsof. — Drawing .... out = de levensdagen (den levenstijd) rekken. — To stand upon — gesteld zijn op. gewicht hechten aan. — Grant = geef toe. Brutus, zooals ook hier, bedient zich gaarne van drogredenen. — Even to = tot aan. — Wash = wascht (uwe handen in het bloed). — Sport = vertooning (op het tooneel). — Along uitgestrekt.



55
Brutus shall lead; and we will grace his heels With the most boldest and best hearts of Rome.
Enter a Servant.
Bru. Soft! who comes here?
A friend of Antony's.
Serv. Thus, Brutus, did my master bid me kneel, Thus did Mark Antony bid me fall down; And, being prostrate, thus he bade me say: Brutus is noble, wise, valiant, and honest; Csesar was mighty, bold, royal, and loving: Say I love Brutus, and I honour him; Say I fear'd Caesar, honour'd him, and lov'd him. If Brutus will vouchsafe that Antony May safely come to him, and be resolv'd How Caesar hath deserv'd to lie in death, Mark Antony shall not love Caesar dead So well as Brutus living; but will follow The fortunes and affairs of noble Brutus Thorough the hazards of this untrod state With all true faith. So says my master Antony.
Bru. Thy master is a wise and valiant Roman; I never thought him worse. Teil him, so please him come unto this place, He shall be satisfied; and, by my honour, Depart untouch'd.
Serv. l'll fetch him presently. [Exit.
Bru. I know that we shall have him well to friend.
Cass. I wish we may; but yet have I a mind That fears him much, and my misgiving still F a 11 s shrewdly to the purpose.
Grace .... heels (with) = hem als eeregeleide meegeven. — Be resolv'd = eene oplossing (verklaring) krijgen. — Untrod state = niet betreden (dus: nieuwe) toestand (van zaken). — So . . . . come = if it please him to come. — Mind = een gevoel (gemoed). — Falls .... purpose = treft altijd juist het doel, komt altijd juist uit.



56
Re-enter Antony.
Bru. But here comes Antony.
Welcome, Mark Antony!
Ant. O mighty Caesar! dost thou lie so low? Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils, Shrunk to this little measure? Fare thee well! I know not, gentlemen, what you intend, Who else must be let blood, who else is rank; If I myself, there is no hour so fit As Caesar's death's hour, nor no instrument Of half that worth as those your swords, made rich With the most noble blood of all this world. I do beseech ye, if you bear me hard, Now, whilst your purpled hands do reek and smoke, Fulfil your pleasure. Live a thousand years, 1 shall not find myself so apt to die; No place will please me so, no mean of death, As here by Caesar, and by you cut off, The choice and master spirits of this age.
Bru. O Antony, beg not your death of us. Though now we must appear bloody and cruel, As, by our hands and this our present act, You see we do, yet see you but our hands And this the bleeding business they have done. Our hearts you see not; they are pitiful; And pity to the general wrong of Rome — As fire drives out fire, so pity pity — Hath done this deed on Caesar. For your part, To you our swords have leaden points, Mark Antony; Our arms, in strength of malice, and our hearts Of brothers temper, do receive you in With all kind love, good thoughts, and révérence.
Rank = te hoog opgeschoten. — Live = al leef ik. — Mean = middel. — By = naast. —■ Pitiful = vol mededoogen. — So . . . . pity, d. w. z. deernis met Rome heeft het medelijden met Caesar uttgedoofd. — Good thoughts = vriendelijke gedachten, welwillendheid.



57
Cass. Your voice shall be as strong as any man's In the disposing of new dignities.
Bru. Only be patiënt till we have appeas'd The multitude, beside themselves with fear, And then we will deliver you the cause, Why I, that did love Caesar when I struck him, Have thus proceeded.
Ant. I doubt not of your wisdom.
Let each man ren der me his bloody hand. First, Marcus Brutus, will I shake with you; Next, Caius Cassius, do I take your hand: Now, Decius Brutus, yours; now yours, Metellus; Yours, Cinna; and, my valiant Casca, yours; Though last, not least in love, yours, good Trebonius. Gentlemen all, alas, what shall I say? My credit now stands on such slippery ground, That one of two bad ways you must conceit me, Either a coward or a flatterer. That I did love thee, Caesar, O, 'tis true; If then thy spirit look upon us now, Shall it not grieve thee dearer than thy death, To see thy Antony making his peace, Shaking the bloody fingers of thy foes. Most noble! in the presence of thy corse? Had I as many eyes as thou hast wounds, Weeping as fast as they stream forth thy blood, It would become me better than to close In terms of friendship with thine enemies. Pardon me, Julius! Here wast thou bay'd, brave
hart;
Here didst thou fall; and here thy hunters stand,
Disposing = begeven. — Deliver — uitleggen, geven. — To render = geven. — Credit — goede naam — Ways = dingen. — To conceit — houden voor. — Dearer = erger, pijnlijker. — Most noble! is gericht tot den dooden Caesar. — To close = mij te vereenigen, te verstaan. — Bay'd = tot staan gebracht, door honden omringd (van herten gezegd).



58
Sign'd in thy spoil, and crimson'd in thy
lethe.
O world, thou wast the forest to this hart; And this, indeed, O world, the heart of thee. How like a deer, strucken by many princes, Dost thou here lie!
Cass. Mark Antony, —
Ant. Pardon me, Caius Cassius!
The enemies of Caesar shall say this; Then, in a friend, it is cold modesty.
Cass. I blame you not for praising Caesar So; But what-compact mean you to have with us? Will you be prick'd in number of our friends; Or shall we on, and not depend on you?
Ant. Therefore I took your hands, but was,
indeed,
S w a y' d from the point, by looking down on Caesar. Friends am I with you all and love you all, Upon this hope, that you shall give me reasons Why and wherein Caesar was dangerous.
Bru. Or else were this a savage spectacle. Our reasons are so full of good re gard, That were you, Antony, the son of Caesar, You should be satisfied.
Ant. That's all I seek,
And am, moreover, suitor that I may Produce his body to the market-place; And in the pulpit, as becomes a friend, Speak in the order of his funeral.
Signed .... spoil = geteekend door uw moord. — Crimsoned .... lethe = vuurrood geverfd door uw bloed(stroom). — Modesty = gematigdheid, matige lof. — Pricked = aangewezen worden (door een prikje of puntje). De sluwe Cassius, die Antonius zooeven veel invloed beloofde, tracht dezen thans omtrent zijne plannen uit te vorschen. — Swayed = afgebracht. — Regard — bedoeling. — Produce = tentoonstellen, eig. brengen naar. — Order = loop, orde.



59
Bru. You shall, Mark Antony. Cass. Brutus, a word with you.
[Aside to Bru.] You know not what you do. Do
not consent
That Antony speak in his funeral.
Know you how much the people may be mov'd
By that which he will utter?
Bru. [Aside to Cass.] By you pardon. I will myself into the pulpit first, And show the reason of our Caesar's death. What Antony shall speak, I will protest He speaks by leave and by permission, And that we are contented Caesar shall Have all true rites and lawful ceremonies. It shall advantage more than do us wrong,
Cass. [Aside to Bru.] I know not what may fall;
I like it not.
Bru. Mark Antony, here, take you Caesar's body. You shall not in your funeral speech blame us, But speak all good you can devise of Caesar. And say you db 't by our permission; Also shall you not have any,hand at all About this funeral. And yóu shall speak In the same pulpit whereto I am going, After my speech is ended.
Ant. Be it so;
I do desire no more.
Bru. Prepare the body then, and follow us.
[Exeunt all but Antony.
Ant. O, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth. That I am meek and gentle with these butchers! Thou art the ruins of the noblest man That ever lived in the tide of times.
'fly . . . . pardon = met uw verlof. De sluwe C, wien het alléén om succes te doen is, en de rechtschapen B. zijn het wederom niet eens. — To protest = verklaren. — Advantage = goed doen. — About = in. — With = tegen.



60
Woe to the hand that shed this costly blood! Over thy wounds now do I piophesy, Which, like dumb mouths, do ope their ruby lips, To beg the voice and utterance of my tongue: A curse shall light upon the limbs of men; Domestic fury and fierce civil strife Shall cumber all the parts of Italy; Blood and destruction shall be so in use And dreadful objects so familiar, That mothers shall but smile when they behold Their infants quarter'd with the hands of war; All pity chok'd with custom of feil deeds; And Caesar's spirit, ranging for revenge, With Até by his side come hot from heil, Shall in these confines with a monarch's voice Cry "Havoc," and let slip the dogs of war; That this foul deed shall smell above the earth With carrion men, groaning for burial.
Enter Octavius1 Servant.
You serve Octavius Caesar, do you not?
Serv. 1 do, Mark Antony.
Ant. Caesar did write for him to come to Rome.
Serv. He did receive his letters, and is coming; And bid me say to you by word of mouth — O Caesar! — [Seeing the body.
Ant. Thy heart is big; get thee apart and weep. Passion, I see, is catching; for mine eyes, Seeing those beads of sorrow stand in thine, Begin to water. Is thy master coming?
To ope = to open. — Light — neerdalen. — To cumber = kwellen, verwoesten. — In use = gewoon. — With — door — Feil — wreed. — Ranging for — rondwarende om. — Até = godin van het onheil, van de verblinding. — Havoc. Als deze kreet werd aangeheven, werd alles in de pan gehakt; van geene zijde werd dan kwartier gegeven. — That = zoodat. — Carrion men = rottende lijken. — Big = vol.



61
Serv. He lies to-night within seven leagues of
Rome.
Ant. Post back with speed, and teil him what hath chanc'd. Here is a mourning Rome, a dangerous Rome, No Rome of safety for Octavius yet; Hie hence, and teil him so. Yet, stay awhile; Thou shalt not back till I have borne this corse Into the market-place. There shall I try, In my oration, how the people take The cruel issue of these bloody men, According to the which thou shall discourse To young Octavius of the state of things. Lend me your hand. [Exeunt with Caesar's body.
Sc ene II. The Forum.
Enter Brutus and Cassius, with the Plebeians.
Pleb. We will b e s a t i s f i e d! let us be satisfied! Bru. Then follow me, and give me au dien ce,
friends.
Cassius, go /ou into the other street, And part the numbers.
Those that will hear me speak, let 'em stay here; Those that will follow Cassius, go with him; And public reasons shall be rendered Of Caesar's death. First Pleb. I will hear Brutus speak. Sec. Pleb. I will hear Cassius; and compare their reasons, When severally we hear them rendered.
[Exit Cassius, with some of the Plebeians.
Brutus goes into the pulpit.
Try = de proef nemen. — Issue = (resultaat van eene) daad. — Lend .... hand = verleen mij hulp. — Be satisfied = rekenschap hebben. — Audlence = gehoor. — Public reasons = redenen met het oog op het openbare welzijn, of: openlijke.



62
Third Pleb. The noble Brutus is ascended; silence!
Bru. Be patiënt till the last. Romans, countrymen, and lovers! hear me for my cause, and be silent, that you may hear; believe me for mine honour, and have respect to mine honour, that you may believe; censure me in your wisdom, and awake your senses, that you may the better judge. If there be any in this assembly, any dear friend of Caesar's, to him I say, that Brutus' love to Caesar was no less than his. If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Had you rather Caesar were living, and die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live all free men? As Caesar loved me, I weep for him; as he was fortunate, I rejoice at it; as he was valiant, I honour him; but as he was ambitious, I slew him. There is tears for his love; joy for his fortune; honour for his valour, and death for his ambition. Who is here so base that would be a bondman? If any, speak; for him have I offended. Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If any, speak, for him have I offended. Who is here so vile that will not love his country? If any, speak; for him have I offended. I pause for a reply.
Citizens. None, Brutus, none.
Bru. Then none have I offended. I have done no mem. to Caesar than you shall do to Brutus. The question of his death is enrolled in the Capitol; his gkjry not extenuated, wherein he
For .... cause = om den wil van de (door mij besproken) zaak. — Have respect to = let op, aie op mijne eer (mijn eervol leven). — To censure in = beoordeelen naar. — Less .... more, nl. dan die juist besproken vriend. — Question enrolled = de redenen, waarom hij gedood werd, zijn te boek gesteld. — Extenuated = verminderd.



63
was worthy, nor his offences enforced, for which he suffered death.
Enter Antony- and others with Caesar's body.
Here corhes his body, mourned by Mark Antony; who, though he had no hand in his death, shall receive the benefit of his dying, a place in the commonwealth; as which of you shall not? With this I depart, that, as I slew my best lover for the good of Rome, I have the same dagger for myself, when it shall please my country to need my death.
Citizens. Live, Brutus, live, live!
First Pleb. Bring him with triumph home untó
his house.
Sec. Pleb. Give him a statue with his ancestors.
Third Pleb. Let him be Caesar.
Fourth Pleb. Caesar's better parts
Shall be crown'd in Brutus.
First Cit. We'll bring him to his house with shouts and clamours. - Bru. My countrymen, —
Sec. Pleb. Feace, silence! Brutus speaks.
First Pleb. Peace, ho! ■
Bru. Good countrymen, lét me depart alone, And, for my sake, stay here with Antony. Do grace to Caesar's corpse, and grace his speech Tending to Caesar's glories, which Mark Antony, By our permission, is allow'd to make. I do entreat you, not a man depart Save I alone, till Antony have spoke. [Exit.
First Pleb. Stay ho! and let us hear Mark Antony.
Third Pleb. Let him go up into the public chair; We'll hear him. Noble Antony, go up.
Ant. For Brutus' sake, lam beholdingto you.
[Goes into the pulpit.
Enforced = verzwaard. — Behotding = verplicht.



64
Fourth Pleb. What does he say of Brutus?
Third Pleb He says for Brutus' sake,
He finds himself beholding to us all.
Fourth Pleb. 'Twere best he speak no harm of
Brutus here.
First Pleb. This Caesar was a tyrant.
Third Pleb. Nay, that's certain:
We are biest that Rome is rid of him.
Sec. Pleb. Peace! let us hear what Antony
can say.
Ant. You gentle Romans, — All. Peace, ho! let us hear him.
Ant. Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me
your ears!
I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.
The evil that men do lives after them,
The good is oft interred with their bones;
So let it be with Caesar. The noble Brutus
Hath told you Caesar was ambitious;
If it were so, it was a grievous fault,
And grievously hath Caesar answer'd it.
Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest —
For Brutus is an honourable man;
So are they all, all honourable men —
Come I to speak in Caesar's funeral.
He was my friend, faithful and,just to me;
But Brutus says he was ambitious,
And Brutus is an honourable man.
He.hath brought many captives home to Rome,
Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill;
Did this in Caesar seem ambitious?
When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept;
Ambition should be made of sterner stuff:
Yet Brutus says he was ambitious,
Grievous = zwaar. — Answer'd = geboet. — General coffers = openbare schatkist. — When that = als, telkens wanneer.



65
And Brutus is an hondürable man.
You all did see that on the Lupercal
I thrice presented him a kingly crown,
Which he did thrice refuse. Was this ambition?
Yet Brutus says he was ambitious,
And, sure, he is an honourable man.
I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke,
But here I am to speak what I do know.
You all did love him once, not without cause;
What cause withholds you then to mourn for him?
0 judgement! thou art fled to brutish beasts, And men have lost their reason. Bear with me; My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar, And I must pause till it come back to me.
First Pleb. Methinks there is much reason in
his sayings.
Sec. Pleb. If thou consider rightly of the matter, Caesar has had great wrong.
Third Pleb. Has he, masters?
1 fear there will a worse come in his place.
- Fourth Pleb. Mark'd ye his words? He would
not take the crown; Therefore 'tis certain he was not ambitious. First Pleb. If it be found so, some wil dear
abide it.
Sec. Pleb. Poor soul! his eyes are red as fire
with weeping. Third Pleb. There's not a nobler man in Rome
! • than Antony.
Fourth Pleb. Now mark him, he begins again
to speak.
■Ant. But yesterday the word of Caesar might Have stood against the world; now lies he there,
Brutish = redeloos. Er is hier eene toespeling op Brutus en de zijnen. Antonius voelt eens, hoever hij mag gaan. — Mas .... wrong — heeft groot onrecht gehad, hem aangedaan, dus: hem is groot onrecht aangedaan. — Dear abide = zwaar boeten voor. — But = nog.
julius caesar, 6e druk. 5 _



66
And none so poor to do him révérence.
0 masters, if I were dispos'd to stir •Your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage,
1 should do Brutus wrong, and Cassius wrong, Who, you all know, are honourable men.
I will not do them wrong; I rather choose To wrong the dead, to wrong myself and you, Than I will wrong such honourable men But here's a parchment with the seal of Caesar; I found it in his closet; 'tis his will. Let but the commons hear this testament Which, pardon me, I do not mean to read, And they would go and kiss dead Caesar's wounds And dip their napkins in his sacred blood, Yea, beg a hair of him for memory, And, dying, mention it within their wills, Bequeathing it as a rich legacy Unto their issue. Fourth Pleb. We'll hear the will. Read it, Mark
Antony.
All. The will, the will! we will hear Caesar's will. Ant. Have patience, gentle friends, I must not
read it;
It is not meet you know how Caesar lov'd you. You are not wood, you are not stones, but men; And, being men, -hearing the will of Caesar, It will inflame you, it will make you mad. 'Tis good you know not that you are his heirs; For, if you should, O, what would come of it!
Fourth Pleb. Read the will; we'll hear it, Antony. You shall read us the will, Caesar's will.
Ant. Will you be patiënt? will you stay awhile? I have o'ershot myself to teil you of it. I fear I wrong the honourable men Whose daggers have stabb'd Caesar; I do fear it.
Masten = mannen. — The dead —. den doode. — Within = in. — Issue = kinderen, nakomelingen. — O'ershot myself = mij voorbijgpraat.



67
Fourth Pleb. They were traitors; honourable men!
All. The will! the testament!
Sec. Pleb. They were villains, murderers. The will! read the will.
Ant. You will compel me, then, to read the will? Then make a ring about the corpse of Caesar, And let me show you him that made the will. Shall I descend? and will you give me leave?
All. Come down.
Sec. Pleb. Descend.
Third Pleb. You shall have leave.
[Antony comes down from the pulpit.
Fourth Pleb. A ring; stand round.
First Pleb. Stand from the hearse, stand from
the body.
Sec. Pleb. Room for Antony, most noble Antony.
Ant. Nay, press not so upon me; stand far off.
All. Stand back, room, bear back!
Ant. If you have tears, prepare lo shed them now. You all do know this mantle; I remember The first time ever Caesar put in on. 'Twas on a summer's evening, in his tent,' That day he overcame the Nervii. Look, is this place ran Cassius' dagger through; See what a rent the envious Casca made; Through this the well-beloved Brutus stabb'd, And as he pluck'd his cursed steel away, Mark how the blood of Caesar follow'd it, As rushing out of doors, to be resolv'd If Brutus so unkindly knock'd, or no; For Brutus, and you know, was Caesar's angel, .ludge, O you gods, how dearly Caesar lov'd him. This was the most unkindest cut of all:
Stand from = maakte wat ruimte om. — Bear back = achteruit daarl — Nervii = Nerviërs, tusschen de Ardennen en de Noordzee, totaal door C. verslagen en vernietigd (58 v. C), Envious ra kwaadaardig. — To be resolved = om te welen te komen. De personificatie is eene der stoutste, ooit door een dichter aangedurfd. — Angel, eig. lieveling, goede genius.



Ant. You all do know thisSmantle. (Page 67).



69
For when the noble Caesar saw him stab, Ingratitude, more strong than traitors' arms, Quite vanquish'd him. Then b u rst his mighty heart; And, in his mantle muffling up his face, Even at the base of Pompey's statua, Which all the while ran blood, great Caesar feil, O, what a fall was there, my countrymen! Then I, and you,' and all of us feil down, Whilst bloody treason flourish'd over us. O, now you weep, and I perceive you feel The dint of pity. These are gracious drops. Kind souls, what, weep you when you but
behold,
Our Caesar's vesture wounded? Look you here;
[Lifting Caesar's mantle. Here is himself, marr'd, as you see, with traitors.
First Pleb. O piteous spectacle!
Sec. Pleb. O noble Caesar!
Third Pleb. O woeful day!
Fourth Pleb. O traitors, villains!
First Pleb. O most bloody sight!
Sec. Pleb. We will be revenged!
All. Revenge! About! Seek! Burn! Fire! Kill! Slay! Let not a traitor live!
Ant. Stay, countrymen.
First Pleb. Peace there! hear the noble Antony. Sec. Pleb. We'll hear him! we'll follow him,
we'll die with him. Ant. Good friends, sweet friends, let me not
stir you up
To such a sudden flood of mutiny.
They that have done this deed are honourable.
Barst = brak. — Ran = deed uitstroomen. — Flourished kan beteekenen: /. (boven ons) zijn zwaard zwaaide; 2. juichte, triomfeerde. — Dint = kracht, indruk. — Qracious = heilige. — What, weep you = hoe, schreit gij (nu reeds, alleen bij het aanschouwen van Caesar's doorboord kleed)? — Marred ^ gedood, geschonden. — About = aan den gang!



70
What private griefs they have, alas, I know not, That made them do 't; they're wise and honourable, And will, no doubt, with reasons answer you. 1 come not, friends, to steal away your hearts. I am no orator, as Brutus is; But, as you know me all, a plain blunt man That love my friend; and that they know full well That gave me public leave to speak of him; For I have neither wit, nor words, nor worth, Action, nor utterance, nor the power of speech, To stir men's blood; I only speak right on. I teil you that which you yourselves do know; Show you sweet Caesar's wounds, poor, poor, dumb
mouths,
And bid them speak for me. But were I Brutus, And Brutus Antony, there were an Antony Would ruffle up your spirits, and put a tongue In eveiy wound öf Caesar, that should move The stones of Rome to rise and mutiny. All. We'll mutiny.
First Pleb. We'll burn the house of Brutus Third Pleb. Away, then! come, seek the con-
spirators.
Anl. Yet hear me, countrymen; yet hear me speak. All. Peace, ho! Hear Antony, most noble Antony! Ant. Why, friends, you go to do you know
not what.
Wherein hath Caesar thus deserv'd your loves? Alas, you know not; I must teil you then; You have forgot the will I told you of. All. Most true. The will! Let's stay and hear
the will.
Ant. Here is the will, and under Caesat's seal. To every Roman citizen he gives,
Griefs; zie p. 23. — Plain blunt = oprecht en eenvoudig. — Worth = persoonlijke waarde (verdienste). — Right on = eenvoudig weg. — Wherein = waardoor.



71
To every several man, seventy-five drachma Sec. Pleb. Most noble Caesar! We'll revenge
his death.
Third Pleb. O royal Caesar! Ant. Hear me with patience. All. Peace, ho!
Ant. Moreover, he hath left you allhiswalks, His private arbours and new-planted orchards, On this side Tiber; he hath left them you, And to your-heirs for ever; common pleasures, To walk abroad, and recreate yourselves. Here was a Caesar! when comes such another?
First Pleb. Never, never! Come, away, away! We'll bum his body in the holy place, And with the brands fire the traitors' houses. Take up the body.
Sec. Pleb. Go fetch fire.
Third Pleb. Pluck down benches.
Fourth Pleb. Pluck down forms, windows, any thing. [Exeunt Plebletans, with the body.
Ant. Now let it work. Mischief, thou art a f o o t, Take thou what course thou wilt!
Enter a Servant.
How now, fellow! Serv. Sir, Octavius is already come to Rome. Ant. Where is he?
Serv. He and Lepidus are at Caesar's house.
And. And thither will I straight to visit him. He comes upon a wish. Fortune is merry, And in this mood will give us any thing.
Several = in het bijzonder. — Drachma was ongeveer 50 cents. — Watks = parken (om in te wandelen). — Pleasures *» parken (Modern: pleasure-grounds). — Form; Bench; het eerste eene bank zonder, het tweede eene met leuning. — Afoot = op de been. — Upon a wish =» als geroepen.



72
Serv. I heard 'em say, Brutus and Cassius Are rid like madmen through the gates of Rome. Ant. Belike they had some notice of the
people,
How I had mov'd them. Bring me to Octavius.
[Exeunt.
Scène III. A Street. Enter Cinna the Poet, and af ter him the Plebeians.
Cin. I dreamt to-night that I did feast with Caesar, And things unlucky charge my fantasy. I have no will to wander forth of doors, Yet something leads me forth.
First Pleb. What is youf name?
Sec. Pleb. Whither are you going?
Third Pleb. Where do you dweil?
Fourth Pleb. Are you a married man ora bachelor?
Sec. Pleb. Answer every man directly.
First Pleb. Ay, and briefly.
Fourth Pleb. Ay, and wisely.
Third Pleb. Ay, and truly, you were best.
Cin. What is my name? Whither am I going? Where do I dweil? Am I a married man or a bachelor? Then, to answer every man directly and briefly, wisely and truly: wisely I say, I am a bachelor.
Sec. Pleb. That's as much as to say, they are fools that marry. You'11 bear me a bang for that, I fear. Proceed; directly.
Cin. Directly, I am going to Caesar's funeral.
First Pleb. As a friend or an enemy?
Cin. As a friend.
Belike = waarschijnlijk. — Notice = bericht, aanwijzing.— Charge.... fantasy = drukken (belasten) mijne voorstellingen. — Directly, zie p. 1. Het tooneel wijst uitstekend de onredelijkheid van het opgezweepte volkaan. — Bear. . . . bang = van mij een slag (klap) wegdragen (krijgen).



73
Sec. Pleb. That matter is answered directly.
Fourth Pleb. For your dweiling, — briefly.
Cin. Briefly, I dweil by the Capitol.
Third Pleb. Your name, sir, truly.
Cin. Truly, my name is Cinna.
First Pleb. Tear him to pieces; he's a conspirator.
Cin. I am Cinna the poet, I am Cinna the poet.
Fourth Pleb. Tear him for his bad verses, tear him for his bad verses.
Cin. I am not Cinna the conspirator.
Fourth Pleb. It is no matter, his name 's Cinna. Pluck but his name out of his heart, and turn him going.
Third Pleb. Tear him, tear him! Come, brands, ho! fire-brands! to Brutus', to Cassius'; burn all! Some to Decius' house, and some to Casca's; some to Ligarius'. Away, go! [Exeunt.
ACT IV.
Scène L A House In Rome.
Antony, Octavius and Lepidus, seated at a table.
Ant. These many, then, shall die; their names
are prick'd.
Oct. Your brother too must die; consent you,
Lepidus?
Lep. I do consent, —
Oct. Prick him down, Antony.
Lep. Upon condition Publius shall not live, Who is your sister's son, Mark Antony.
Ant. He shall not live; look, with a spot I
d a m n him. But, Lepidus, go you to Caesar's house;
Turn .. . going = laat... loopen. — Damn = verooïdêelen.



74
Fetch the will hither, and we shall determine How to cut off some charge in legacies.
Lep. What, shall I find you here?
Oct. Or here, or at
The Capitol. [Exit Lepidus.
Ant. This is a slight unmeritable man, Meet to be sent on errands; is it fit, The threefold world divided, he should stand üne of the three to share it?
Oct. So you thought him;
And took his voice who should be prick'd to die, In our black sentence and proscription.
Ant. Octavius, I have seen more days than you; And though we lay these honours on this man To ease ourselves of divers slanderous loads, He shall but bear them as the ass bears gold, To groan and sweat under the business, Either led or driven, as we point the way; And having brought our treasure where we will, Then take we down his load, and turn him off, Like to the empty ass, to shake his ears And graze in c o m m o n s.
Oct. You may do your will;
But he 's a tried and valiant soldier. . Ant. So is my horse, Octavius; and for that I do appoint him store of pro vender. It is a creature that I teach to fight, To wind, to stop, to run directly on, His corporal motion govern'd by my spirit; And, in some taste, is Lepidus but so; He must be taught and train'd and bid go forth; A barren-spirited fellow; one that feeds
Charge in legacies = bedragen aan legaten. — Slight = onbeteekenend. — Unmeritable — zonder eenige verdienste. — The .... divided = wanneer de drie werelddeelen verdeeld worden. — And = of. dus verbanningsvonnis. — Slanderous = verachtelijke, onaangename. — Common = algemeene weide. — For that — om die reden. — Taste - zin, opzicht .



75
On abjects, orts, and imitations, Which, out of use and stal'd by other men, Begin his fashion. Do not talk of him But as a property. And now, Octavius, Listen great things. Brutus and Cassius Are levying powers; we must straight make head; Therefore let our alliance be combin'd, Our best friends made, our best means stretch'd
out;
And let us presently go sit in coundl How covert matters may be best disclos'd And open perils surest answered.
Oct. Let us do so; for we are at the stake, And bay'd about with many enemies; And some that smile have in their hearts, I fear, Millions of mischiefs. [Exeunt.
Scène II. A Camp near Sardis. Before Brutus' Tent.
Drum. Enter Brutus, Lucilius, and the army; Pindarus and Titinius meet them: Lucius at some distance.
Bru. Stand, ho!
Lucil. Give the word, ho! and stand. Bru. What now, Lucilius! is Cassius near? Lucil. He is at hand, and Pindarus is come To do you salutation from his master.
[Pindarus glves a letter to Brutus.
Abjects, orts = verachtelijke restjes, kliekjes. — Stal'd = (door anderen) als waardeloos weggeworpen. — Property — iets, dat er zoo bijbehoort; tooneelbenoodigdheid, werktuig — Powers = strijdkrachten. — Stretch'd out = zoo ver mogelijk gerekt, ons zoo goed mogelijk ten nutte gemaakt. — Surest answered = het veiligst (afdoendst) te gemoet getreden. — At the stake = aan den paal; oudtijds was de beer daaraan gebonden, terwijl de honden hem aanblaften — bayed about (at) him. — To do . ■ . . salutation = groeten.



76
Bru. He greets me well. Your master, Pindarus, In his own change, or by ill officers, Hath given me some worthy cause to wish Things done, undone; but, if he be at hand, I shall be satisfied. j Pin. I do no doubt
But that my noble master will appear Such as he is, full of regard and honour.
Bru. He is not doubted. A word, Lucilius; How he receiv'd you let me be resolv'd.
Lucil. With courtesy and with respect enough; But not with such familiar instances, Nor with such free and friendly conference, As he hath us'd of old-
Bru Thou hast describ'd
A hot friend cooling. Ever note, Lucilius, When Love begins to sicken and decay, It useth an enforced ceremony. There are no tricks in plain and simple faith, But hollow men, like horses hot at hand,
[March within.
Make gallant show and promise of their mettle; But when they should endure the bloody spur They fall their crests, and, like deceitful jades, Sink in the trial. Comes his army on? Lucil. They mean this night in Sardis to be
quarter'd.
The greater part, the horse in general, Are come with Cassius.
[Enter Cassius and his Powers. Bru. Hark! he is arriv'd.
March gently on to meet him.
Well = en dat is goed, of: vriendelijk. — In — door. — Offtcers = dienaren. — Doubted = gewantrouwd. — Be resolved — weten, vernemen. — Instances = teekenen. — Conference = gesprek, omgang. — Enforced ceremony = gedwongen (gemaakte) complimenten. — Hot at hand = vurig. — Fall = laten vallen. — In general = alle, gezamenlijk.



77
Cass. Stand, ho!
Bru. Stand, ho! Speak the word along. Sold. Stand! Sold. Stand! Sold. Stand!
Cass. Most noble brother, you have done me
wrong.
Bru. Judge me, you gods! wrong I mine enemies? And, if not so, how should I wrong a brother? Cass. Brutus, this sober form of yours hides
wrongs,
And when you do them —
Bru. Cassius, be content;
Speak your griefs softly, I do know .you well. Before the eyes of both our armies here, Which should perceive nothing but love from us, Let us not wrangle: bid them move away; Then in my tent, Cassius, enlarge your griefs, And I will give you audience.
Cass. Pindarus, Bid our commanders lead their charges off A little from this ground.
Bru. Lucius, do you the like; and let no man Come to our tent till we have done our conference. Lucilius and Titinius guard the door. [Exeunt.
Scène III. Brutus' Tent.
Enter Brutus and Cassius.
Cass. That you have wrong'd me doth appear
in this:
You have condemn'd and noted Lucius Pella
Speak .... along = geeft het wachtwoord door. — Sober m Icoele. — Wrongs = onrecht, krenking. — Enlarge . . . . griefs = weid uit over (leg bloot) uwe grieven. De strijd tusschen B. en C. wordt eene beginselvraag. — Charges = troepen onder hun bevel. — Noted = gebrandmerkt, beschuldigd.



78
Tor taking bribes here of the Sardians; Wherein my letters, praying on his side, Because I knew the man, were slighted off, —
Bru. You wrong'd yourself to write in such a case.
Cass. In such a time as this it is not meet That every n i c e offence should bear his co mm ent.
Bru. And let me teil you, Cassius, you yourself Are much condemn'd to have an itching palm, To sell and mart your offices for gold To undeservers.
Cass. I an itching palm!
You know that you are Brutus that speaks this, Or, by the gods, this speech were else your last.
Bru. The name of Cassius honours this corruption, And chastisement doth therefore hide his head.
Cass. Chastisement!
Bru. Remember March, the ides of March
remember:
Did not great Julius bleed for justice' sake? What villa in touch'd his body, that did stab And not for justice? What, shall one of us, That struck the foremost man of>all this world But for supporting robbers, shall we now Contaminate our fingers wiih base bribes, And sell the mighty space of our largc honours For so much trash as may be grasped thus? I had rather be a dog, and bay the moon, Than such a Roman. Cass Brutus, bay not me;
Wherein = in welke zaak. — Slighted off = verachtelijk ter zijde gelegd. — N ce — klein, onbeteekenend. — Bear .... comment = berisping dragen, dus: berispt worde. — Itching = jeukende (palm van de hand, die zich laat omkoopen voor kittelend goud). — To mart = verkwanselen. —
Undeserver = die 't niet verdient, dus: onwaardige. 
Villaln = minste onder ons. — But for supporting — alléén omdat hij (roovers) steunde. — Mighty space .... honours = groote menigte (eig. omvang) onzer waardigheden (eereambten). — Trash m verachtelijk van geld.



79
I'll not endure it. You forget yourself Tohedgemein. lama soldier, I, Older in practice, abler than yourself To make conditions.
Bru. Go to; you are not, Cassius.
Cass. I am.
Bru. I say you are not.
Cass. Urge me no more, I shall forget myself; H aV e mind upon your health, tempt me no farther. Bru. Away, slight man! Cass. Is 't possible?
Bru. Hear me, for I will speak.
Must I give way and room to your rash choler? Shall I be frighted when a madman stares?
Cass. O ye gods! ye gods! must I endure all
this?
Bru. All this! ay, more. Fret till your proud heart break; Go show your slaves how choleric you are, And make your bondmen tremble. Must I budge? Must I observe you? must I stand and crouch Under you testy humour? By the gods, You shall digest the ven om of your spleen, Though it do split you; for, from this day forth, I'll use you for my mirth, yea, for my laughter, When you are waspish.
Cass. Is it come to this?
Bru. You say you are a better soldier: Let it appear so; make your vaunting true, And it shall please me well. For mine own part,
To hedge . . . . in — omsluiten, in een hoek drijven. — Go to ■ och kom! — To urge — aanzetten, tarten — Have .... health = denk aan uw welzijn, leven. — Fret . . . . break = eet u op van boosheid. — To budge = zich bewegen, verroeren, van zijn plaats gaan. — To observe = waarnemen, naar de oogen zien. — Digest.... spleen = het gif van uwe miltzucht (uwen toorn; de milt werd gehouden voor de plaats der plotselinge aandoeningen) slikken, opeten.



80
I shall be glad to learn of noble men. Cass. You wrong me every way; you wrong
me, Brutus;
I said an elder soldier, not a better. Did I say "better"?
Bru. -If you did, I care not.
Cass. When Caesar liv'd, he durst not thus have
mov'd me.
Bru. Peace, peace! you durst not so have tempted him.
Cass. I durst not! Bru. No.
Cass. What, durst not tempt him ?
Bru. For your life you durst not.
Cass. Do not presume too much upon my love; I may do that I shall be sorry tor.
Bru. You have done that you should be sorry for. There is no terror, Cassius, in your threats, For I am arm'd so strong in honesty, That they pass by me as the idle wind, Which I respect not. I did send to you For certain sums of gold, which you denied me; For I can raise no money by vile means. — By heaven, I had rather coin my heart, And drop my blood for drachmas, than to wring From the hard hands of peasants their vile trash By any indirection. — I did send To you for gold to pay my legions, Which you denied me. Was that done like Cassius? Should I have answer'd Caius Cassius so?
Every way = in alle opzichten, op alle manieren. — That = that which, of what. — Honesty = eer. De trotscheV steeds, met de woorden eer en deugd schermende B. is toch niet afkeerig, van Cassius het aan anderen afgeperste geld aan te. nemen,' al wil hij zelf niet afpersen. Weer toont de dichter ons het duiveltje in zijn gemoed. — To respect = geven om; letten op. — Vile = laag, verachtelijk. — Indirection =' oneerlijkheid, streek.



81
When Marcus Brutus grows so covetous To lock such rascal counters from his friends, Be ready, gods, with all your thunderbolls, Dash him to pieces!
Cass. I denied you not.
Bru. You did.
Cass. I did not. He was but a fooi that brought My answer back. Brutus hath riv'd my heart. A friend should bear his friend's infirmilies, But Brutus makes mine greater than they are.
Bru. I do not, till you practise them on me.
Cass. You love me not.
Bru. I do not like your faults.
Cass. A friendly eye could never see such faults.
Bru. A flatterer's would not, though they do appear As huge és high Olympus.
Cass. Come, Antony, and young Octavius, come, Revenge yourselves alone on Cassius, For Cassius is a-weary of the world; Hated by one he loves; brav'd by his brother; Check'd like a bondman; all his faults observ'd, Set in a note-book, learn'd and conn'd by rote, To cast into my teeth. O, T could weep My spirit from mine eyes! There is my dagger, And here my naked breast; within, a heart Dearer than Plutus' mine, richer than gold. If that thou be'st a Roman, take it forth; I, that denied thee gold, will give my heart. Strike, as thou didst at Caesar; for, I know, When thou didst hate him worst, thou lov'dst him
better
Than ever thou lov'dst Cassius.
Bru. Sheathe your dagger.
Be angry when you will, it shall have scope.
To lock from — wegsluiten voor, onthouden aan. — Rascal = nietswaardig. — Braved = getart. — Conned by rote = van buiten geleerd. — // that = indien. — It = your being angry. — Scope = vrijheid (ruimte) van beweging.
julius caesar, 6e druk. 6






83
Do what you will, dishonour shall be humour. O Cassius, you are yoked with a lamb That carries anger as the flint bears fire, Who, much enforced, shows a hasty spark, And straight is cold again.
Cass. Hath Cassius liv'd
To be but mirth and laughter to his Brutus, When grief and blood ill-tempe'r'd vexeth him?
Bru. When I spoke that, I was ill-temper'd too.
Cass. Do you confess so much? Give me your
hand.
Bru. And my heart too.
Cass. O Brutus!
Bru. What 's the matter?
Cass. Have not you love enough to bear with me, When that rash humour which my mother gave me, Makes me forgetful?
Bru. Yes, Cassius; and, from henceforth,
When you are over-earnest with your Brutus, He'11 think your mother chides, and leave you so.
Poet. [Within] Let me go in to see the generals; There is some grudge between 'm, 'tis not meet They be alone.
Lucil. [Within] You shall not come to them.
Poet. [Within] Nothing but death shall stay me.
Enter Poet, followed by Lucilius, Titinius .and Lucius.
Cass. How now! What's the matter? Poet. For shame, you generals! What do you
mean?
Enforced = gedwongen, geforceerd. — Straight = onmiddelijk daarna. — Blood lll-tempered = opgewonden, toornig bruisend bloed. — Rash humour = driftige aard. — Me forgetful = dat ik mijzelf vergeet. Cassius doet zich hier van gunstige zijde kennen, omdat hij zijn ongelijk inziet en bekent.



84
Love, and be friends, as two such men should be; For I have seen more years, I'm sure, than ye.
Cass. Ha, ha! how vilely doth, this cynic rhyme!
Bru. Get you hence, sirrah; saucyfellow, hence!
Cass. Bear with him, Brutus; 't is his fashion.
Bru. I'll know his humour, when he knows
his time.
What should the wars do with these j i g g i n g fools? Companion, hence!
Cass. Away, away, be gone! [Exit Poet.
Bru. Lucilius and Titinius, bid the commanders Prepare to lodge their companies to-night.
Cass. And come yourselves, and bring Messala
with you
Immediately to us. [Exeunt Lucilius und Tltlntus. Bru. Lucius, a bowl of wine! [Exit Lucius. Cass. I did not thirrk you could have been so
angry.
Bru. O Cassius, I am sick of many griefs. Cass. Of your philosophy you make no use, If you give place to accidental evils. Bru. No man bears sorrow better. Portia is dead. Cass. Ha! Portia! Bru. She is dead.
Cass. How scap'd I killing when I cross'd
you so?
O insupportable and touching loss! Upon what sickness?
Bru. Impatient of my absence,
And grief that young Octavius with Mark Antony
Sirrah = kerel, vent. — To bear with = dulden. Cassius is toegevend tegenover zwakken. — To know =■ verstaan. — Jigging = rijmelend. — Philosophy. Brutus was een Stoïcijn; aardsche rampen mochten dus op zijn kalmte geen invloed hebben. De dichter toont bij hem, zooals later bij Cassius, dat de natuur boven de leer gaat. — Scaped — escaped = ontkwam ik aan. - Upon = ten gevolge van. — Impatient of = niet bestand tegen (mijn afzijn).



85
Have made themselves so strong, — for with her
death
That tidings came, — with this she feil distract, And, her attendants absent, swallow'd fire.
Cass. And died so?
Bru. Even so,
Cass. O ye immortal gods! -
Re-enter Lucius, with wine and tapers.
Bru. Speak no more of her. Give me a bowl
' of wine.
In this I bury all unkindness, Cassius. [Drinks.
Cass. My heart is thirsty for that noble pledge. Fill, Lucius, till the wine o'erswell the cup; I cannot drink too much of Brutus' love. [Drinks.
Re-enter Titinius, with Messala.
Bru. Come in, Titinius! [Exit Lucius.
Welcome, good Messala. Now sit we close about this taper here, And call in question our aecessities.
Cass. Portia, art thou gone?
Bru. No more, I pray you.
Messala, I have here received letters, That young Octavius and Mark Antony Come down upon us with a mighty power, Bending their expedition toward Philippi.
Mes. Myself have letters of the selfsame tenour.
Bru. With what addition?
Mes. That by proscription and bills of outlawry, Octavius, Antony, and Lepidus
With .... distract = hierdoor werd zij waanzinnig. Unkindness = onhartelijkheid, wrok. — Call.... necesstties »• overwegen wat wij noodzakelijk moeten doen. — Bending m richtende. — Outlawry = vogelvrijverklaring, buiten-de-wetplaatsing.



8fi
Have put to death an hundred senators.
Bru. Therein our letters do not well agree; Mine speak of seventy senators that died By their proscriptions, Cicero being one.
Cass. Cicero one!
Mes. Cicero is dead,
And by that order of proscription. Had you your letters from your wife, my lord?
Bru. No Messala.
Mes. Nor nothing in your letters writ of her? Bru. Nothing, Messala.
Mes. That, methinks, is strange.
Bru. Why ask you? hear you aught of her in
yours?
Mes. No, my lord.
Bru. Now, as you are a Roman, teil me true. Mes. Then like a Roman bear the truth I teil: For certain she is dead, and by strange manner. Bru. Why, farewell, Portia. We must ' die,
Messala.
With meditating that she must die once, I have the patience to endure it now. Mes. Even so great men great losses should
endure.
Cass. I have as much of this in art as you, But yet my nature could not bear it so.
Bru. Well, to our work alive. What do you think Of marching to Philippi presently?
Cass. I do not think it good.
Bru. Your reason?
Cass. This it is:
'Tis better that the enemy seek us.
- Writ — written. — Certain = het is zeker. Het schijnt, dat Brutus den dood van Portia het eerst als gerucht onder zijne troepen heeft gehoord, en dat Messala dit nu bevestigt. — -With = door te. — In art = aangeleerd, niet van nature (zie den volgenden regel). — Alive = zoolang we nog leven.



87
So shall he waste his means, weary his soldiers, Doing himself offence; whilst we, lyimg still, Are fuil of rest, defence, and nimbleness. . Bru. Good reasons must, of force, give place
to better.
The people 'twixt Philippi and this ground Do stand but in a forc'd affection, For they bave grudg'd us contrlbution. The enemy, marchjng along by them, By them shall make a fuller number up, Come on refresh'd, new-added, and encourag'd; From which advantage shall we cut him off, If at Philippi we do face him there, These people at our back.
Cass. Hear me, good brother.
Bru. Under your pardon. You must note beside, That we have tried the utmost of our friends, Our legions are brim-full, our cause is ripe. The enemy increaseth every day; We, at the height, are ready to decline. There is a tide in the affairs of men, Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune; Omitted, all the voyage of their life Is bound in shallows and in miseries. On such a full sea are we now afloat; And we must take the current when it serves, Or lose our ventures.
Offence = schade, nadeel. — Nimbleness = vlugheid, doordat we konden rusten. — Of force = noodzakelijkerwijs. Weder zijn B. en C. het oneens, en weer bezwijkt de politieke leider voor Brutus, wat een bewijs te meer is voor diens indrukwekkende persoonlijkheid, al lijdt daaronder hei succes. — By them. Deze woorden slaan den eersten keer qp people, den tweeden keer waarschijnlijk op means. — Tried . . . . friends = van onze vrienden het uiterste gevergd. >— Ready = op het punt. — Flood = hoogste waterstand: vloed. — Bound in shallows = belemmerd door ondiepten. — It slaat pp current. — Ventures, = lading: wat wij op de golven gewaagd hebben.



88
Cass. Then, with your will, go on.
We'il along ourselves, and meet them at Philippi.
Bru. The d e e p of night is crept upon our talk, And nature must obey necessity; Which we will niggard with a iittle rest. There is no more to say?
Cass. No more. Good night.
Early to-morrow will we rise, and hence.
Bru. Lucius! [Re-enter Lucius.
My gown. [Exit Lucius.
Farewell, good Messala; Good night, Titinius. Noble, noble Cassius, Good night, and good repose.
Cass. O my dear brother!
This was an ill beginaing of the night. Never come such division 'tween our souls! Let it not, Brutus.
Re-enter Lucius, with the gown.
Bru. Every thing is well.
Cass. Good night, my lord.!
Bru. Good night, good brother.
Tit. Mes. Good night, Lord Brutus.
Bru. Farewell, every one.
[Exeunt all but Brutus and Lucius. Give me the gown. Where is thy instrument? Luc. Here in the tent.
Bru. What, thou speak'st drowsily?
Poor knave, I blame thee not; thou arto'er-watch'd. Call Claudius and some other of my men; I'll have .them sleep on cushions in my tent.
Luc. -Varro and Claudius!
Deep - depth m holste, duisterste. — To niggard - karig voorzien, afschepen. — Knave = stakkerd.



89
Enter Varro and Claudius. Var. Calls my lord?
Bru. I pray you, sirs, lie in my tent and sleep; It may be I shall raise you by and by On business to my brother Cassius. Var. To please you, we will stand and watch
your pleasure. Bru. I will not have it so: lie down, good sirs; It may be I shall otherwise bethink me.
[Varro and Claudius lie down. Look, Lucius, here's the book I sought for so; I put it in the pocket of my gown. Luc. I was sure your lordship did not give it me. Bru. Bear with me, good boy, I am much
forgetful.
Canst thou hold up thy heavy eyes awhile, And touch thy instrument a strain or two?
Luc. Ay, my lord, an't please you.
Bru. It does, my boy.
I trouble thee too much, but thou art willing.
Luc. It is my duty, sir.
Bru. I should hot urge thy duty past thy might; I know young b 1 o o d s look for a time of rest.
Luc. I have slept, my lord, already.
Bru. It was well done; and thou shalt sleep again; I will not hold-thee long. If I do live, I will be good to thee. [Music, and a Song. This a sleepy tune. O murderous slumber, Lay'st thou thy leaden mace upon my boy, That plays thee music? Gentle knave, good night; I will not do thee so much wrong to wake thee. If thou dost nod, thou break'st thy instrument.
Raise = doen opstaan. — A strain or two — een toon of wat. — Might = (boven uwe) krachten. — Bloods = zieltjes, menschen. — Mace = staf. Hoe aandoenlijk is Brutus' zorg voor zijne onderhoorigen: die kleinigheden teekenen hem.



90
I'll take it from thee; and, good boy, good night. Let me see, let me see; is not the leaf turn'd
down
Where I left reading? Here it is, I think.
Enter the Qhost of Caesar.
How ill this taper burns! Ha! who comes here?
I think it is the weakness of mine, eyes
That shapes this monstrous apparition.
It comes upon me. Art thou any thing?
Art thou some god, some angel, or some devil,
That mak'st my blood cold, and my hair to sta re?
Speak to~ me what thou art.
Qhost. Thy evil spirit, Brutus.
Bru. Why com'st thou?
Ghost. To teil thee thou shall see me at Philippi.
Bru. Well; then 1 shall see thee again?
Ghost.' Ay, at Phiüppi.
Bru. Why, I will see thee at Philippi, then.
[Exit Ghost. Now I have taken heart thou vanishest; 111 spirit, I would hold more talk with thee. Boy, Lucius! Varro! Claudius! Sirs, awake! Claudius!
Luc. The strings, my lord, are false. Bru. He thinks he still is at his- instrument. Lucius, awake!
Turned down = omgeslagen. — To stare = staren, dus: strak zijn, overeind staan, te berge rijzen. De geest is slechts eene schepping van zijn brein, of liever: geschokt gemoed. Eerst de dood van zijne vrouw, daarna zijn strijd met Cassius, eindelijk de ophanden zijnde beslissing hebben B., juist omdat hij zich goed wilde houden, totaal in de war gebracht. Reeds had hij afleiding door muziek gewenscht, en toen Lucius insliep, had hij ze vergeefs in lectuur gezocht. Zoodra hij weer zichzelf is (Now I have taken heart) verdwijnt de geest.



Bru. Ha! who comes here? (Page 90).



92
Luc. My lord?
Bru. Didst thou dream, Lucius, that thou so
criedst out?
Luc. My lord, I do not know that I did cry. Bru. Yes, that thou didst. Didst thou see anything? Luc. Nothing, my lord. Bru. Sleep again, Lucius. Sirrah Claudius! Fellow thou, awake! Var. My lord? Clau. My lord?
Bru. Why did you so cry out, sirs, in your sleep? Var. Clau. Did we, my lord? Bru. Ay. Saw you any thing?
Var. No, my lord, I saw nothing. Clau. Nor, I, my lord.
Bru. Go and commend me to my brother
Cassius;
Bid him set on his powers betimes before, And we will follow.
Var. Clau. It shall be done, my lord. [Exeunt.
ACT V.
Scène I. The Platns of Philippi.
Enter Octavius, Antony, and their Army.
Oct. Now, Antony, our hopes are answered. You said the enemy would not come down, But keep the hills and upper regions. It proves not so; their battles are at hand; They mean to warn us at Philippi here, Answering before we do demand of them.
Commend me to — groet van mij. — Answered = vervuld. Brutus had juist'gedaan, wat de vijand hoopte. — Battles =» legioenen. — To warn = (ten strijde) uitdagen.



93
Ant. Tut, I am in their bosoms, and I know Wherefore they do it. They could be content To visit other places; and come down With fearful bravery, thinking by this face To f as ten in our thoughts that théy have courage; But 'tis not so.
Enter a Messenger.
Mess. Prepare you, generals.
The enemy comes on in gallant show; • Their bloody sign of battle is hung out, And something to be done immediately.
Ant. Octavius, lead your battle softly on, Upon the left hand of the even field.
Oct. Upon the right hand I; keep thou the left.
Ant. Why do yon cross me in this éxigent?
Oct. I do not cross you; but I will do so. [March.
Drum. Enter Brutus, Cassius, and their Army; Lucilius, Titinius, Messala, and others.
Bru. They stand, and would have parley. Cass. Stand fast; Titinius, we must out and
talk.
Oct. Mark Antony, shall we give sign of battle? Ant. No, Caesar, we will answer on their charge. Make forth; the generals would have some words.
Tut = och kom! — /«.... bosoms — (ik ben) doorgedrongen in hun binnenste, ik ken hunne hartsgeheimen. = Could .... places = mochten tevreden zijn als ze elders waren. — Fearful = angstig (maar dapper naar het uiterlijk). — Face = brutaal optreden. — To fasten — vast te leggen (in onze gedachten), dus: ons de vaste overtuiging te geven. —• Softly = langzaam. — Even = vlak. — Exlgent = dringende nood. Octavius doet zich als een koppig man 'kennen, die weet wat hij wil, en zijne meening niet prijsgeeft. — Stand fast = halt. — On . . . . charge — op hun aanval.



94
Oct. Stir not until the signal. Bru. Words before blows; is it so, countrymen? Oct. Not that we love words better, as you do. Bru. Good words are better than bad strokes,
Octavius.
Ant. In your bad strokes, Brutus, you give
good words; Witness the hole you made in Caesar's heart, Crying "Long live! hail, Caesar!"
Cass. Antony, The posture of your blows are yet unknown; But for yours words, they rob the Hybla bees. And leave them honeyless.
Ant. Not stingless too?
Bru. O, yes, and soundless too; For you bave stol'n their buzzing, Antony, And very wisely threat before you sting.
Ant. Villains, you did not so, when your vile
daggers
Hack'd one another in the sides of Caesar. You show'd your teeth like apes, and fawn'd Hke
hounds,
And bow'd like bondmen, kissing Caesar's feet; Whilst damned Casca, like a cur, behind Struck Caesar on the neck. O you flatterers!
Cass. Flatterers! Now, Brutus, thank yourself; This tongue had not offended so to-day, If Cassius might have rul'd.
Oct. Come, come, the cause! if arguing make
us sweat,
In -- met. — Posture .... blows = wijze, waarop gij uwe slagen toebrengt, aard ervan. — Hybla, eene stad in Sicilië, vermaard om haar voortreffelijken honig. — Hacked = 'teekenachtig, omdat zoovelen Caesar haast tezelfder tijd doorstaken — Rul'd = geheerscht. dus: als C. zijn wensch (inzicht) had kunnen doordrijven. We zien de gevolgen van het feit, dat C. bezweek voor de argumenten van B. en dezen de leiding overliet. — The cause = ter zake.



95
The proof of it will turn to redder drops. Look!
I draw a sword against conspirators; .
When think you that the sword go es up again?
Never, till Caesar's three-and-thirty wounds
Be well aveng'd; or till another Caesar
Have added slaughter to the sword of traitors.
Bru. Caesar, thou canst not die by traitor's hand, Unless thou bring'st them with thee.
Oct. So I hope;
I was not bom to die on Brutus' sword.
Bru. O, if thou wert the noblest of thy strain, Young man, thou couldst not die more honourable.
Cass. A peevish schoolboy, worthless of such
honour,
Join'd with a masker and a reveller!
Ant. Old Cassius still!
Oct. Come, Antony, away!
Defiance, traitors, hurl we in your teeth. If you dare fight do-day, come to the field; If not, when you have stomachs.
[Exeunt Octavius, Antony, and Army.
Cass. Why, now, blow wind, swell billow, and
swim bark! The storm is up, and all is on the hazard.
Bru. Ho! Lucilius! hark, a word with you.
Lucil. (Standing forth) My lord?
[Brutus and Lucilius converse apart.
Cass. Messala!
Mes. (Standing forth). What says my general? Cass. Messala,
Qoes up wordt opgestoken. — Another — een volgende Caesar (dat wordt hijzelf). — Strain = geslacht. — Peevish = zonder verstand, dom. Schoolboy wordt hij genoemd wegens zijne jeugd. — Defiance.... teeth = onze uitdaging slingeren wij u in 't gelaat. — Stomachs = lust, moed.



96
This is my birth-day, as this very day Was Cassius bom. Give me thy hand, Messala. Be thou my witness that against my will, As Pompey.was, am I compell'd to set Upon one battle all our liberties. You know that I held Epicurus strong And his opinion; now I change my mind, And partly credit things that do presage. " Coming from Sardis, on our former ensign Two mighty eagles feil, and there they perch'd, Gorging and feeding from our soldiers' hands; Who to Philippi here consorted us. This morning are they fled away and gone; And in their steads do ravens, crows and kites Fly o'er our heads and downward look on us, As we were sickly prey. Their shadows seem A canopy most fatal, under which Our army Hes, ready to give up the ghost. Mes. Believe not so.
Cass. I but believe it partly;
For I am fresh of spirit, and resolv'd To meet all perlis very constantly.
Bru. Even so, Lucilius.
Cass. Now, most noble Brutus,
The gods to-day stand friendly, that we may, Lovers in peace, lead on our days to age! But since the affairs of men rest still incertain, Let 's reason with the worst that may bef all.
Pompey. Zooal herhaaldelijk in het stuk, wijst de dichter door het invoeren van dezen naam erop, dat C, als partijgenoot van Pompejus. Caesar doodde, terwijl hij Brutus, die geen partijganger, maar een waar patriot was, tot zijne zaak overhaalde. — To set = zetten, wagen. — Strong = (ik Meld mij) krachtig (aan E.). De dichter wijst ook hier erop, dat de natuur met de leer spot. — Credit = gelooven. — Former s=« eerste, voorste. — To gorge = schrokken. — As = as if. — Even so = juist. — Stand = mogen (ons) genegen zijn. — Reason = rekening houden. — To befalt = gebeuren.



97
If we do lose this battle, then is this
The very last time we shall speak together.
What are you then determined to do?
Bru. Even by the rule of that philosophy, By which I did blame Cato for the death Which he did give himself, — I know not how, But I do find it cowardly and vile, For fear of what might fall, so to prevent The time of life: — arming myself with patience To stay the providence of some high powers That govern us below.
Cass. Then, if we lose this battle,
You are contented to be led in triumph Thorough the streets of Rome?
Bru. No, Cassius, no. Think not, thou noble
Roman,
That ever Brutus will go bound to Rome; He bears too great a mind. But this same day Must end that work the ides of March begun; And whether we shall meet again I know not. Therefore onr everlasting farewell take. For ever, and for ever, farewell, Cassius! If wedo meet again, why, we shall smile; If not, why then, this parting was well made.
Cass. For ever, and for ever, farewell, Brutus! If we do meet again, we'll smile indeed; If not, 't is true this parting was well made.
Bru. Why, then, lead on. O, that a man might know The end of this day's business ere it come! But it sufficeth that the- day will end, And then the end is known. Come, ho! away! [Exeunt.
Scène II. The same. The Field of Battle.
Alarum. Enter Brutus and Messala.
Bru. Ride, ride, Messala, ride, and giye these bills
To prevent = vooruitloopen op, beletten. — To stay = te wachten op, af te wachten. — Take = let us take,
jülius caesar, 6e druk.
7



98
Unto the legions on the other side. [Loud alarm. Let them set on at once; for I perceive But cold demeanour in Octavius' wing, And sudden push gives them the overthrow. Ride, ride, Messala: let them all come down. [Exeunt.
Scène III. Another Part of the Field.
Alarum. Enter Cassius and Titinius.
Cass. O, look, Titinius, look, the villains fly! Myself have to mine own turn'd enemy. This ensign here of mine was turning back; I slew the coward, and did take it from him.
Tit. O Cassius, Brutus gave the word too early; Who, having some advantage on Octavius, Took it too eagerly. His soldiers feil to spoil, Whilst we by Antony are all enclos'd.
Enter Pindarus.
Pin. Fly further off, my lord, fly further off, Mark Antony is in your tents, my lord; Fly, therefore, noble Cassius, fly far o\i.
Cass. This hill is far enough. Look, look,
Titinius;
Are those my tents where I perceive the fire? Tit. They are, my lord.
Cass. Titinius, if thou lov'st me,
Mount thou my horse, and hide thy spurs in him. Till he have brought thee up to yonder troops, And here again; that I may rest assur'd Whether yond troops are friend or enemy.
Set on = aanvallen. — Cold demeanour = weifelende houding. — Ensign = vaandel (verpersoonlijkt; het volgende coward is de vaandrig). — Word = woord of bevel tot den aanval. — On = op; thans steeds over. Yond — yon(der).



99
Tit. I will be here again, even with a thought.
[Exit.
Cass. Go, Pindarus, get higher on that hill; My sight was ever thick; regard Titinius, And teil me what thou not'st about the field.
[Pindarus ascends the hill. This day I breathed first; time is come round, And where I did begin, there shall I end; My life is run his compass. Sirrah, what news?
Pin. [abové] O my lord!
Cass. What news?
Pin. [above] Titinius is enclosed round about With horsemen, that make to him on the spur; Yet he spurs on. Now they are almost on him. Now, Titinius!
Now some light! O, he lights too! He's ta'en!
[Shout] And, hark!
They shout for joy.
Cass. Come down, behold no more.
O, coward that I am, to live so long, To see my best friend ta'en before my face!
Pindarus descends.
Comme hither, sirrah. In Parthia did I take thee prisoner; And then I swore thee, saving of thy life, That whatsoever I did bid thee do, Thou shouldst attempt it. Come now, keep thine
oath;
Now be a freeman; and with this good sword, That ran through Caesar's bowels, search'this bosom.
With a thought ss zoo snel als de gedachte. — Thick = zwak, dof. — To come round wordt gebruikt voor den kring•. loop des tijds. — Compass = kring. — To make to — zich begeven naar. — Light = afstijgen. — Saving of = terwijl (toen) ik spaarde. — To search = doorzoeken, doordringen in.






101
Stand not to answer; here, take thou the hilts, And, when my face is cover'd, as 't is now, Guide thou the sword. Caesar, thou art reveng'd,
[P. stabs him.
Even with the sword that kill'd thee. [Dies.
Pin. So, I am free; yet would not so have been, Durst I have done my will. O Cassius, Far from this country Pindarus shall run, Where never Roman shall take note of him. [Exit.
Re-enter Titinius with Messala.
Mes. It is but change, Titinius; for Octavius Is overthrown by noble Brutus' power, As Cassius' legions are by Antony.
Tit. These tidings will well comfort Cassius.
Mes. Where did you leave him?
Tit. All disconsolate,
With Pindarus his bondman, on his hill.
Mes. Is not that he that lies upon the ground?
Tit. He lies not like the living. O my heart!
Mes. Is not that he?
Tit. No, this was he, Messala,
But Cassius is no more. O setting sun, As in thy red rays thou dost sink to-night, So in his red blood Cassius' day is set; The sun of Rome is set. Our day is gone; Clouds, dews, and dangers come; our deeds are done. Mistrust of my success hath done this deed.
Mes. Mistrust of good success hath done this deed. O hateful Error, Melancholy's child, Why dost thou show to the apt thoughts of men The things that are not? O Error, soon conceiv'd,
To stand = talmen, wachten. — Hilts = gevest. — Change = exchange - ruil, dus: leer om leer, — Apt = goedgeloovig, bereid om op te nemen. — Conceived = verwekt, „ontvangen".



102
Thou never com'st unto a happy birth, But kill'st the mother that engender'd thee!
Tit. What, Pindarus! where art thou, Pindarus?
Mes. Seek him, Titinius, whilst I go to meet The noble Brutus, thrusting this report Into his ears; I may say, "thrusting" it; For piercing steel and darts envenomed Shall be as welcome to the ears of Brutus As tidings of this sight.
Tit. Hie you, Messala,
And I will seek for Pindarus the while.
[Exit Messala. Why didst thou send me forth, brave Cassius? Did I not meet thy friends? and did not they Put on my brows this wreath of victory, And bid me give it thee? Didst thou not hear
their shouts? Alas, thou hast misconstru'd every thing! But, hold thee, take his garland on thy brow; Thy Brutus bid me give it thee, and I Will do his bidding. Brutus, come apace, And see how I regarded Caius Cassius. By your leave, gods! This is a Roman's part. Come, Cassius' sword, and find Titinius' heart.
[Kills himself.
Alarum. Re-enter Messala, with Brutus, Cato, Strato, Volumnius, Lucilius and others.
Bru. Where, where, Messala, doth his body lie ? Mes. Lo, yonder, and Titinius mourning it. Bru. Titinius' face is upward. Cato. He is slain.
Bru. O Julius Caesar! thou art mighty yet!
To thrust = (als met een dolk) stooten. — The while — intusschen. — Hold thee = wacht (eig. houd vast). — Apace = snel. — To regard — eeren.



103
Thy spirit walks abroad, and tums our swords In our own proper entrails. [Low alarums.
Cato. Brave Titinius!
Look, whe'er he have not crowned dead Cassius!
Bru. Are yet two Romans living such as these? The last of all the Romans, fare thee well! It is impossible that ever Rome Should breed thy fellow. Friends, I owe more tears To this dead man than you shall see me pay. I shall find time, Cassius, I shall find time. Come, therefore, and to Thasos send his body; His funerals shall not be in our camp, Lest it discomfort us. Lucilius, come; And come, young Cato,; let u s to the field. Labeo and Flavius, set our battles on. 'Tis three o'clock, and, Romans, yet ere night We shall try fortune in a second fight. [Exeunt.
Scène IV. Another Part of the Field,
Alarum. Enter fighting, Soldiers of both Armtes; then Brutus, young Cato, Lucilius, and others.
Bru. Yet, countrymen, O, yet hold up your heads! Cato. What bastard doth not? Who will go
with me?
I will proclaim my name about the field. I am the son of Marcus Cato, ho! A foe to tyrants, and my country's friend; I am the son of Marcus Cato, ho!
Enter Soldiers, and fight.
Bru. And I am Brutus, Marcus Brutus, I; Brutus, my country's friend; know me for Brutus! [Exit. Young Cato is overpowered, and falls.
To walk abroad = omwandelen buiten het graf. — It = dit (namelijk: het begraven). — Let us = laten wij gaan. — Bastard = onwaardige.



104
Lucil. O young and noble Cato! art thou down? Why, now thou diest as bravely as Titinius, And may'st be honour'd, being Cato's son.
First Sold. Yield, or thou diest.
Lucil. Onlylyieldto die:
There is so much that thou wilt kill me straight;
[Offering money. Kih Brutus, and be honour'd in his death.
First Sold. We must not. A noble prisoner!
Enter Antony.
Sec. Sold. Room, ho! Teil Antony, Brutus is ta'en. First Sold. PU teil the news. Here comes the
general.
Brutus is ta'en, Brutus is ta'en, my lord. Ant. Where is he?
Lucil. Safe, Antony; Brutus is safe enough; I dare assure thee that no enemy Shall ever take alive the noble Brutus; The gods defend him from so great a shame! When you do find him, or alive or dead, He .will be found like Brutus, like himself.
Ant. This is not Brutus, friend; but, I assure you, A prize no less in worth. Keep this man safe, Give him all kindness; I had rather have Such men my friends than enemies. Go on, And see whe'er Brutus be alive or dead; And bring us word unto Octavius' tent How every thing is chanc'd. [Exeunt.
Scène V. Another Part of the Field.
Enter Brutus, Dardanius, Clitus. Strato, and Volumnius.
Bru. Come, poor remairis of friends, rest on this rock.
Only I yield = l only yield — ik geef mij slechts over. — So much = geld, veel geld, al dit geld. — Chanc'd = gebeurd.



105
CU. Statilius show'd the torch-light; but, my
lord,
He came not back. He is or ta'en or slain.
Bru. Sit thee down, Clitus; slaying is the word, It is a deed in fashion. Hark thee, Clitus.
[Whispering.
CU. What, I, my lord? No, not for all the world.
Bru. Peace then! no words.
CU. I'll rather kill myself.
Bru. Hark thee, Dardanius. [Whispering.
Dar. Shall I do such a deed?
CU. O Dardanius!
Dar. O Clitus!
CU. What ill request did Brutus make to thee?
Dar. To kill him, Clitus. Look, he meditates.
CU. Now is that noble vessel full of grief, That it runs over even at his eyes.
Bru. Come hither, good Volumnius; Hst a word.
Vol. What says my lord?
Bru. Why, this, Volumnius:
The ghost of Caesar hath appear'd to me Two several times by night; at Sardis once, And, this last night, here in Philippi fields: I know my hour is come.
Vol. Not so, my lord.
Bru. Nay, I am sure it is, Volumnius. Thou seest the world, Volumnius, how it goes; Our enemies have beat us to the pit. [Low alarums. It is more worthy to leap in ourselves, Than tarry till they push us. Good Volumnius;
To show = laten zien, een sein geven met (S. was ongetwijfeld uitgezonden, om poolshoogte te nemen van den toestand; hij had als gunstig teeken met de toorts gezwaaid, maar was niet weergekeerd). — Vessel = vat (een bijbelsch woord). — That = so that. — List a word = luister (naar een woord). — How it goes. Vergel. That is the way the world goes = zoó* is 's werelds loop. — Pit = afgrond. — Worthy s= eervol, waardig.



106
Thou knowst that we two went to school together; Even for that our love of old, I prithee, Hold thou my sword-hilts, whilst I run on it. Vol. That's not an office for a friend, my lord.
[Alarum still.
CU. Fly, fly, my lord; there is no tarrying here.
Bru. Farewell to you, and you, and you, Volumnius. Strato, thou hast been all this while asleep; Farewell to thee to, Strato. Countrymen, My heart doth joy that yet in all my life I found no man but he was true to me. I shall have glory by this losing day, More than Octavius and Mark Antony By this vile conquest shall attain unto. So fare you well at once; for Brutus' tongue Hath almost ended his life's history. Night hangs upon mine eyes; my bones would rest, That have but labour'd to attain this hour.
[Alarum. Cry within, "Fly, fly, fly!"
CU. Fly, my lord, fly.
Bru. Hence! I will follow.
[Exeunt Clitus, Dardanius and Volumnius. I prithee, Strato, stay thou by thy lord. Thou art a fellow of a good respect, Thy life hath had some smatch of honour in it. Hold then my sword, and turn away thy face, While I do run upon it. Wilt thou, Strato? Stra. Give me your hand first. Fare you well,
my lord.
To joy = zich verheugen. — Losing day = ongelukkige dag, omdat op dien dag hunne zaak verloren werd. — Vile = lage; omdat de tirannie zegeviert over de vrijheid. B. van zijn standpunt meent zulks terecht; wij weten echter, dat de groote dichter in Cassius' samenzwering niet een strijd voor de vrijheid zag, al was deze ook de leuze, maar slechts een partijstrijd van de volgelingen van Pompejus tegen Caesar. — Bones = beenderen, afgetobde lijf. — Respect *= naam, aanzien. — Smatch = smaak.



107
Bru. Farewell, good Strato. Caesar, now be still; I kill'd not thee with half so good a will.
[He runs on his sword, and dies.
Alarum. Retreat. Enter Octavius, Antony, Messalla, Lucilius, and the Artny.
Oct. What man is that?
Mes. My master's man. Strato, where is thy
master?
Stra. Free from the bondage you are in, Messala; The conquerors can but make a fire of him, For Brutus only overcame himself, And no man else hath honour by his death.
Lucil. So Brutus should be found. I thank thee,
Brutus,
That thou hast prov'd Lucilius' saying true. Oct. All that serv'd Brutus, I will entertain
them.
Fellow, wilt thou bestow thy time with me?
Stra. Ay, if Messala will pref er me to you.
Oct. Do so, good Messala.
Mes. How died my master, Strato?
Stra. I held the sword, and he did run on it.
Mes. Octavius, then take him to follow thee, That did the latest service to my master.
Ant. This was the noblest Roman of them all. All the conspirators,' save only he, Did that they did in envy of great Caesar; He only, in a general-honest thought,
Saying. Zie p. 104. — To entertain = in dienst nemen. — To bestow with me = in mijn dienst geven. — To prefer — eig. voordragen, aanbevelen, waarbij het begrip afstaan of missen vanzelf gedacht 'wordt. — General-honest — oprecht en met het oog op het algemeen welzijn, welke gedachte nog eens wordt herhaald: And common good to all. De lof, dien Antonius in oprechte bewondering aan Brutus alléén, boven alle andere samenzweerders, toebrengt, bewijst,* dat ook hij



108
And common good to all, made one of them. His life was gentle, and the elements So mix'd in him that Nature might stand up And say to all the world, "This was a man!"
Oct. According to his virtue let us use him, With all respect and rites of burial. Within my tent his bones to-night shall lie, Most like a soldier, order'd honourably. So, call the field to rest: and let's away. To part the glories of this happy day. [Exeunt.
wist, hoezeer de partijstrijd zich van de leuze „Vaderlandsliefde" bediende, en tevens, dat B. in alle eerlijkheid (honesty) gemeend had, het gemeenebest nuttig te zijn door Caesar te dooden. — Gentle = edel, wat beter schijnt dan zacht, want dit adjectief is niet op de laatste gebeurtenissen van Brutus' leven toepasselijk. — Most = in elk opzicht. — Order'd = ter ruste gelegd. — Field = slagveld, hier: leger. — To part the glories = den roem te verdeelen. Of hier aan eene verdeeling der wereldheerschappij moet worden gedacht, is te betwijfelen.









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lie druk, t deel in linnen f iHS.
BEOORDEELINGEN:
Wij gelooven dat de woordenboeken van Ten Bruggencate niet alleen de beste zijn, maar tevens dat zij de volmaaktheid verblijdend dicht nabij
zijn.
De Maasbode.
Men zal het woordenboek van Van Gelderen zelden te vergeefs opslaan. Ik geloof dat wij verstandig zullen doen met steeds meer er op aan te dringen dit duurdere werk aan te schaffen, in plaats van de andere, goed-1 kopere, die trouwens wel waar voor hun geld leveien — voor hun geld —I de konkiusie moet men dan maar naar omstandigheden trekken.
J. Hovens Gréve, (Weekbl. v. Gymn. en M. O.J.
.... constateer ik telkens weer, dat in juistheid van termen, goede vertalingen zoowel in 't Fransen als in 'tHollandsch, Herckenrath's woordenboek de anderen ver achter zich laat Ik zal het dan ook gaarne sterk aanbevelen. D. INKLAAR,
Den Helder. Leeraar Kon. Inst. v. d. Marine.
Behalve de gewone Nederlandsche woorden bevat het woordenboek van Koenen een aantal andere termen, ook persoonsnamen en geographische namen. Voor zoover ik durf oordeelen is de goede naam van dit boek zeer verdiend. A. Klüyver (Museum). -