I\ NOORDHOF F. — 1906. — GRONINGEN.
f 0.75.
THE A AND B CERTIFICATES.
THE EXAMINATION-PAPERS (TRANSLATIONS INTO ENGLISH) SET DURING THE LAST SEVENTEEN YEARS, VV1TH QUEST10NS ON 1D10M, GRAMMAR, AND PRONüNCIATION.
BY
L. P. H. EIJKMAN.















THE A AND B CERTIFICATES.
THE EXAMINATION-PAPERS (TRANSLATIONS INTO ENGLISH) iET DURING THE LAST SEVENTEEN YEARS, WITH QUESTIONS ON IDIOM, GRAMMAR, AND PRONUNCIATION,
BY
L. P. H. EIJKMAN.
P. NOORDHOFF. —
1906.
— GRONINGEN.







P R E F A C E.
This little book is intended for students preparing for either of the secondary examinations, and will be found useful by the possessors of the elementary certificate who wish to keep up their knowledge of English.
It contains:
lst- A list of books recommended by students;
2'y- the secondary examination papers (Dutch-English) set' during the last seventeen years, i. e., the time that all candidates have had to do the same written work;
3ly- the translation of these papers;
4'y- questions on idiora, grammar, pronunciation, and phonetics;
5'>- the ordinary conjugation of such irregular verbs as may present difficulties to the student, owing partly to the fact that the grammars used in our country generally do not distinguish between literary and colloquial English with regard to the conjugation of these verbs. The list is based on Sweet's Grammar, Murray's Dictionary and The Century Dictionary.
In composing this book I have imagined that the student will use it as follows.
He will first translate the Dutch text for himself, and try with the help of his books to answer the questions



placed at the foot (The synonyms mentioned in this book are discussed in Crabb's Etiglish Synonyms. In cases where a word or expression only is given, the student will find another used in the translated text). Next he will compare his translation with the one in the book, and give his attention to the questions at the foot of the same. Lastly he will turn to page 80, and try to answer some of the questions on phonetics.
As every student is supposed to have a teacher, whom he may consult whenever his books leave him in the lu.ch, and as in my opinion he ought as much as possible to find out for himself instead of having things presented to him ready made, the answers to the questions have been omitted.
Remarks and suggestions offered in a kindly spirit will be thankfully received by
L. P. H. Eijkman.



Books recommended to students preparing for "Akte A."
C. Stoffel, Handleiding bij het onderwijs in het
Engelsch. Deel III. W. Hulscher G.Jzn.. . f 1.25.
J. H. A. Günther, A Manual of English Pronun-
ciation and Grammar. J. B. Wolters, Groningen. „ 1.50.
C. f*. Mason, B. A., English Grammar „ 2.30.
C. T. Onions, An Advanced English Syntax . . . „ 1.65.
Pr. Dr. Immanuel Schmidt, Grammatik der Engli-
schen Sprache, 6e Auflage. Geb „ 2.95.
Dr. H. Sweet, New English Grammar. Clarendon
Press. Part I f6.85. Part II „ 2.30.
A. Bain, LL. D. A Higher English Grammar. . . „ 1.55.
„ „ A Companion to the Higher English Grammar n 2.30.
H. Poutsma, A Grammar of Late Modern English. P. Noordhoff, Groningen. I. 1. The Elements of the Sentence f 2.75. I. 2. The Composite Sentence f 3.50. Part I complete, cloth. . . „ 7.25.
Dr. H. Sweet, Elementarbuch des gesprochenen
Englisch, Clarendon Press. 3e Auflage . . . „ 1.65.
Dr. H. Sweet, Primer of Phonetics. Clarendon Press.
2nd. Edition n 2.30.
W. Rippmann, Elements of Phonetics 1905. J. M.
Dent & Co n 1.65.
W. Rippmann, The Sounds of Spoken English. J. M.
Dent & Co n 1.00.
Dr. Aug. Western, Englische Lautlehre. 2e Auflage. „ 1.30.
Dr. W. Vietor, Elemente der Phonetik. 5e Auflage. Geb „ 5.20.
Miss Soames, Introduction to the Study of Phonetics. „ 3.90.
.Rich. J. Lloyd, Northern English. B. G. Teubner,
Leipzig v 1.95.



P. Roorda, De klankleer en hare practische toepas- ^
sing. J. B. Wolters, Groningen . . . • • * R. Dijkstra, Hollandisch. B. G. Teubner, Leipzig „ H. Klenghardt, Artikulations- und Hörübungen.
Otto Schulze, Cöthen • • ' ,ibU'
Dr. Moritz Trautmann, Kleine Lautlehre. Carl
Georgi, Bonn f 2.60. Geb .
H. Poutsma, Do you speak English ?_ Joli. C. Stem-
Ier Czn., Amsterdam, 2nd. Edition . • ■ • n 1-0 C Grondhoud en P. Roorda, Librarv of Contemporary Autliors. I. H. Rider Haggard, Mr.
Meeson's Will. 2nd edition. II. F. Anstey,
Voces Populi. III. F. M. Crawford, A Tale of a Lonely Parish. IV. B. Harraden, The
Fowler f 1.50. Geb j' • " '
George Crabb, English Synonyms Explained in
Alphabetical Order. George Routledge & Sons. „ -dU. J. H. A. Günther, English Synonyms. J. B. Wolters, Groningen ƒ2.90. Geb d-oU-
P. Fijn van Draat en J. de Josselin de Jong, Outlanders. Foreign Words used in Dutch and their English Equivalents. P. Noordhoff.
ƒ 1.00. Geb • ; • » Lo°-
Webster's International Dictionary of the English
Language. Geb • • » ' '
Cassell's English Dictionary. Geb. ƒ2.00. Marocco „ o.-j. K. ten Bruggencate, Engelsch Woordenboek. J. B.
Wolters, Groningen • • »
F. P. H. Prick van Wely, Addenda et Corrigenda.
P. Noordhoff • '
De Drie Talen. Prijs per jaargang . . . • • ■ » • De Drie Talen. Afd. Engelsch. Prijs per jaargang „ d.d . De Drie Talen. Afd. Engelsch. Jaarg. I—!X\ L V er-
minderde prijs ingen. f 16.00. Geb. in 8 deelen „ .< .
Bovenstaande werken zijn verkrijgbaar bij de Naaml. Venn. Erven P. NOORDHOFF's Boekhandel en Uitgeverszaak te Groningen.



1890.
De Klok.
Zeven, Acht, Negen, Tien, Elf, Twaalf!
Ik dank u, goede vriend, voor uwe herinnering.
Men zegt, dat Koning Philippus van Macedonië er een slaaf op nahield, om hem toe te roepen: Gedenk dat gij 5 een sterveling zijt! — Ik geloof evenwel niet, dat hij door hem zoo goed is bediend geworden, als ik door mijne klok. Vooreerst verbeeld ik mij, dat die dienaar zijn plicht wel eens zal vergeten hebben, maar al haperde het niet aan hem, ik denk dat de groote Koning wel eens in eene bui 10 zal geweest zijn, om den vermaner: Houd den mond! toe te roepen. Doch mijn vriend in gindschen hoek is altijd op zijn post, en al komen er oogenblikken, dat ik bang ben voor zijne stem, zoodat ik hem wel zou willen bidden zulk een uur zwijgend over te springen, de smeekende blik 15 van mijn oog stuit op zijn eiken borst af, en hij laat met onomkoopbare gestrengheid zijn Memento hooren.
Nu, hij ontvangt daarvoor in mijn huis ook al de achting en eer, die aan een getrouw dienaar toekomt. Ja, ik weet niet, of hij zelfs geen hooger titel dan dien van een dienst20 knecht dragen moet. Want tot op zekere hoogte is hij de meester van ons allen. Reeds in den vroegen morgen begint hij den baas over mij te spelen. Dan roept hij mij met een forsche stem toe: Ontwaak, gij die slaapt, en sta op.
Ik moet bekennen, dat ik mij soms wel eens aan zijne 25 heerschappij zoek te onttrekken, en doe of ik hem niet gehoord heb. Maar vergeefs! dan is het of hij mij met zijn gedurig getik (en hij heeft een toon zoo helder als kristal) gedurig bij den arm heen en weder trekt; en zoo dit niet helpt, dan volgt er al spoedig eene krachtiger ver30 maning, waarin ik zoo duidelijk een strengen toon van berisping meen te hooren, dat ik op hetzelfde oogenblik naast mijn bed sta, en mij niet weerhouden kan mijn be-



leedigden vriend vergeving te vragen. En ben ik nu eens door hem tot mijn plicht gebracht, dan ontwaakt spoedig 35 het geheele huis, en de werkzaamheden van den dag vangen aan. En meen niet, dat zijn gezag zich niet verder dan over het eerste morgenuur uitstrekt. Neen — in alles wordt zijne stem het eerst gehoord. Ik ben namelijk geheel, wat men spottend noemt: een man van de klok. Menschen, 40 die hun leven bij jaren berekenen (sommigen dwingen mij zelfs te denken, dat zij het bij eeuwen doen) hebben tijd in overvloed. Wat hebben zij naar hun klok te vragen? Het is veel, als zij een oogenblikje stilzwijgen, om hem op den avond van 31 December zijne twaalf slagen te hooren 45 slaan. Maar ik, die bij minuten, en zelfs zooveel mogelijk bij seconden tel, ben zeer karig op mijn kleinen schat, en geef niet gaarne voor eenige bezigheid meer tijd uit, dan zij waard is. Vandaar heb ik in mijn huis minder te zeggen dan mijne klok. Daar is het nooit: Hoe laat wilt gij ... .? 50 hoe laat verkiest gij . . . ? dit spreekt van zelf. Men hoort er alléén: Hoe laat heeft de klok het? Als zij het uur van tweeën aankondigt, is het voor mij evenzoo goed, alsof de bediende komt zeggen: Het eten is op tafel.
2. Difference between to remind and to remember?
4- „ n to keep „ to hold?
7. „ „ to imagine „ to fancy?
11. „ „ corner and angle?
15. „ „ chest and breast?
16. With a severity not to be bribed is also right.
20. Difference between to bear, to wear, and to carry?
24. „ « to confess, to acknowledge, to own, and to avow?
25. Difference between rule, government, and reign?
25. To escape is another expression for to emancipate
myself.
27. Instead of "gedurig getik" the original has "onophoudelijk getik", which is better in my opinion. — Difference between continual and coutinuous!
31. Difference between rebuke, reproof, and reprimand?



33. Difference between to offend and to insult? 33- „ „ forgiveness „ pardon?
33. From begging my offeuded friend's pardon is also right.
39. An Englishman says: I am as regular as clockwork. I do not think I am a man of the clock is English, but as it cannot be avoided liere, it had better be put between quotation-niarks.
40. Difference between to oblige, to compel, and to force ? 43. „ „ silent, quiet, and still?
46. „ „ sparing „ niggardly?
47. „ „ to spend, to waste, to squanderl
48. Another rendering is: I have less authority.
50. A synonymous expression is: that is self-evident.
1891.
Zoo als ik verwacht had, was het gisteren den heelen dag slecht weer. Aan de ontbijttafel niets nieuws dan de couranten. Janssen echter was hersteld van zijne teleurstelling van gisteren, mevrouw en hare dochter waren druk in 5 gesprek met elkander en met allerlei briefjes en zakboekjes bezig.
Zij moesten „naar stad" — dat wil zeggen naar Amsterdam; heen en weer vóór etenstijd!
„Wij dineeren heden om half zeven", zei mevrouw; „dus 10 hebben de heeren een langen dag om bij elkander te zijn, en naar hartelust te praten."
„Slecht weder, mevrouw", zei ik, „voor eene expeditie naar de stad."
„Kom, kom!" hernam Janssen; „we zijn nu buitenmen15 schen geworden; het weder kan ons niet schelen: de dames moeten naar Amsterdam, want we hebben overmorgen menschen ten eten, en mijne vrouw moet eenige inkoopen doen. Groenten zijn hier moeilijk te krijgen; er is hier bijna niets van dien aard."
20 „Geen groenten hier buiten, midden in den zomer!" riep ik verwonderd uit, terwijl ik aan de kostbare broeikasten van mijn vriend dacht.



„Och neen!" zuchtte mevrouw; „dat is alles veel beter in Amsterdam; en bovendien heeft mijne dochter het een 25 en ander noodig voor haar toilet, — en wezenlijk, als men menschen ten eten heeft, in dit seizoen, is het zoo moeilijk."
„Ik wist ook niet," zei ik, „dat men in dit seizoen diners gaf."
„Och, zoo buiten," zei Janssen, „kan men alles doen 30 wat men wil. Dat denk ik dikwijls, als ik dood op mijn gemak naar het dorp rijd en langs de huizen en buitens slenter."
„Wij krijgen echter een heel gezelschap bij elkaar en voor het eerst: — dus wilde ik wel, dat alles in den haak 35 was. Ik zou niet gaarne hebben, dat men gegronde aanmerkingen op iets maakte."
Een half uur later kwam het rijtuig voor, de dames werden er in geholpen, en Janssen en ik bleven alleen.
Wij namen weder plaats aan de ontbijttafel, en lazen 40 en herlazen de couranten, totdat ik ze grootendeels van buiten kende.
Ik stond eindelijk op en haalde mijn sigarenkoker te voorschijn.
„Wacht eens eventjes," zei Janssen; „mijne vrouw heeft 45 niet gaarne, dat wij hier rooken. We zullen naar mijne kamer gaan."
„Men is juist bezig met mijnheers kamer schoon te maken," zei Jan, die de ontbijttafel opruimde.
„Dan rooken we ons sigaartje toch maar hier," zei Janssen 50 moedig, en hij stak het zijne op en bood mij een lucifer aan.
„Laat de deur maar open," zeide hij verder tot den knecht.
Ik ging voor het ééne raam en mijn gastheer voor het andere staan. We keken naar buiten zonder te spreken. Er heerschte de diepste stilte, alleen gestoord door het 55 rammelen der vensters, als een hevige windvlaag ze deed schudden, en door het onophoudelijk kletteren van den regen tegen de ruiten.
2. At the breakfast-table is also right.
2. Nothing new would refer to the things on the table.



3. It is not clear what echter means; so it is better not to translate it.
3. Had recovered from his disappointment of the previous day.
4. Why is Madam wrong?
12. A synonym of expedition is journey.
17. My wife has to do some shopping; Mrs. J. has some purchases to make (to make some purchases).
18. Difference between vegetables and greens?
21. If "kostbaar" refers to the value of the plants in the hotbeds, costly is the right word.
26. When you have people dining with you.
30. At my ease (= comfortably; without being agitated) is wrong.
31. Difference between to drive and to ride?
33. We shall have quite a large party.
33. Difference between company and society?
37. The carriage drove up [to the door].
The ladies were hauded in.
45. Doesn't Iike that we smoke liere is not right. Rules for the Accusative with Influitive construction?
48. Wlio was clearing away.
53. We looked outside is not right.
54. A synonym of prevailed is reigned.
54. A synonym of broken is interrupted.
55. Other cases in which doen or laten followed by an Infinitive is rendered by a transitive verb?
1892.
't Was rustiger dan ooit in de stille kamer, waar zij eenzaam maar toch zoo vredig nederzat. De klok op den fraai gehouwen schoorsteenmantel wees op half acht. Het gewoel op de straten had opgehouden. De wind, die tegen den 5 avond opgestoken was, drong niet door de goed gesloten vensters en de damasten gordijnen.
Ze had haar kind, dat nu het eerste jaar van zorg en



angsten gelukkig doorgekomen was, zoo even onder duizend kussen met eigen handen in het kleine ledikantje gelegd, 10 dat in het aangrenzende vertrek stond. Ze had geluisterd tot de regelmatige ademhaling van het wicht haar van moederlijke vreugde had doen glimlachen. Nog genoot zij van de herinnering aan al de dartele bewegingen, waarin zij de wereld en al haar boosheid vergeten had.
15 Hare ouders hadden haar bezocht en haar kind bewonderd. Een paar vriendinnen hadden er mede gespeeld tot zij 't uit hare armen had weggenomen, uit vrees dat de kleine zich te veel zou opwinden, 't Was een dag vol glorie en moederlijke ijdelheid geweest. Haar hart vloeide 20 over van dank en geluk. In het lommer der oase had zij de woestijn vergeten, het dorre zand niet gezien, dat zich mijlen ver uitstrekte links en rechts van haar eenige bron.
Zoo zat zij daar en dacht er over na, hoe 't mogelijk was zoo gelukkig en tevens zoo rampzalig te wezen; hoe 25 het te verklaren was, dat koele onverschilligheid haar haat had vervangen. Als hij, die nu sinds maanden nauwelijks meer de moeite nam zijne vervreemding van vrouw en kind voor haar te verbergen, eens kon lezen in haar hart. zou hij immers niets dan vrede daarbinnen ontmoeten; als hij 30 niet te klein van gemoed was haar te begrijpen, zou hij met schaamte en ergernis bemerken, hoe de ruïne van zijn huis reeds met duizend bloemen was overdekt. Ofschoon zij hem nooit vergeven kon, dat hij bij 't aanschouwen van die ruïne gelachen had, beklaagde zij zich toch niet langer. 35 Ofschoon haar eene rilling door de leden voer, als zij bedacht, dat hun kind zijn naam droeg, voelde zij zich sterk genoeg, om het juk, door het fatsoen haar opgelegd, tot 't einde te dragen. Zij was dit aan haar kind verplicht, en er waren er zoo velen, die niet gelukkiger waren! 40 Was 't niet reeds een groote voldoening, dat hare ouders en vrienden bleven volharden in de overtuiging, dat zij tevreden, hoogst tevreden was? 't Viel haar blijkbaar reeds gemakkelijker om te veinzen.
Daar werd met gejaagdheid aan de bel getrokken en 45 trad eenige oogenblikken later de huisknecht binnen met



de mededeeling, dat er eene vrouw in den gang stond, die onbeschaamd eischte tot haar te worden toegelaten, dat hij die vrouw had willen verwijderen om het ongepaste uur, 50 maar dat zij niet had opgehouden er op aan te dringen, dat men haar toch bij mevrouw zou toelaten.
2. To sit down is generally equivalent to gaan zitten.
2. If we write alone instead of lonely, the contrast with peaceful is lost. It is better to consider eensaam and vredig as adjectives, especially because there is no adverbial form of lonely.
2. Synonym: timepiece.
3. „ : mantelpiece (the usual spelling).
5. The article before eyening may be left out.
5. The well-closed windows.
6. Difference between curtain and blind?
10. The little cot (bedstead) standing in the next room.
10. Difference between adjoining and adjaeent?
11. Synonym: respiration.
12. Motherly, maternal; fatherly, paternal. — Fatherly = resembling a father in character or demeanour: A gentleman who having no children is so fatherly as to take care of the children of another. Paternal = 1. of or belonging to one's father: He threw himself at the paternal feet. 2. inherited or derived from a father; related through a father or on the father's side: My paternal grandmother ran away with my paternal grandfather when she was not quite sixteen.
In the sense of: of or belonging to a father or fatliers, characteristic of a fatlier, both fatherly and paternal are used: The fatherly admonition was received in silence. It was fatherly fear and love. He kissed her on the forehead with almost paternal gentleness. (Murray).
13. Difference between movement and motion?
13. Waarin is hardly correct. It is better to use another construction.
16. It is not necessary to write lady-friewls, because it



is sufhciently clear from the context that ladies are meant.
17. In colloquial English that and lest after for fear are omitted.
20. Differente between gratitude and thanbfulness l
21. Barren sands.
22. From for of is wrong.
22. Spring is better than source. Difference? What is a well?
26. Had replaced her liatred. Difference between to replace and to substitute?
29. He would flnd nothing etc.
32. Synonym of eovered: overgrown.
33. She could never forgive him for haring lauglied.
35. Thougli it sent a sliudder through her frame to
think etc.
37. Synonyms: propriety; convention. Fashion has a different meaning.
40. Reeds is pretty well redundant here. At any rate, it is better to omit it, because it occurs again in the next sentence.
42. Synonym of evidently: apparently. Note that the latter word is also used in the sense of seemingly.
43. To dissemble is intransitive; to feign is transitive or it is followed by an Infinitive with to.
44. Difference between at once and all at once?
47. „ „ hall, passage, and corridor?
1893.
Ik zei straks, dat ik mij die eerste Kerstdagen bij oom en tante doorgebracht nog levendig herinner; ja ik zou hebben kunnen zeggen, dat ik nog steeds de indrukken van mijn aankomst op ooms buiten gevoel. Verbeeld u, ik 5 kwam te voet van het naastbij gelegen station en was op het voor mij nog vreemde terrein een weinig van den aangegeven weg afgedwaald. Daardoor kwam het, dat ik op



eens voor een bevroren sloot stond, zonder eenige aanwijzing van het pad, dat ik links of rechts te volgen had. Aan lOden overkant lag dwars over een weg een groote hoop sneeuw. Op eens voel ik een sneeuwbal tegen mijn hoed, gevolgd door een heelen kogelregen. De vijand kon nergens anders dan achter den genoemden sneeuwhoop schuilen. Ik zag echter niet dadelijk, hoe groot de troep was. Doch 15 spoedig vertoonde de vijand zich, en verscheen in vollen getale boven op de verraderlijke batterij. Het waren drie jonge meisjes, die schaterden van pret. Ik zag, hoe hare oogen schitterden en haar wangen gloeiden, voor zoover ik onder de gegeven omstandigheden duidelijk onderscheiden kon. 20 Ge begrijpt allen, wat mij te doen stond. In een ommezien had ik van mijn kant een paar sneeuwballen gemaakt, en nu begon het gevecht in vollen ernst. Ik durf zeggen, dat ik geen slecht figuur maakte. Al stond ik alleen tegenover drie, zoo had ik het voordeel van oefening aan mijne 25 zijde. Terwijl ik mij links en rechts bukte, om de sneeuwballen te ontwijken, wachtte ik telkens bedaard het goede oogenblik af, en waren de meeste schoten raak. Natuurlijk hield ik daarbij in het oog, dat ik tegenover Amazonen stond, en gaf ik aan de ballen niet meer vastheid dan 30 noodig was, om ze gedurende den korten afstand niet uiteen te doen spatten. Ten laatste behield ik zegevierend het veld. Het drietal deinsde terug onder een uitbundig gejuich en verspreidde zich tusschen de struiken, om, gedekt door de takken, mij opnieuw aan te vallen. Dat was een leelijk 35 geval. Ik stond geheel ongedekt en kon den vijand niet langer raken. Mijne ballen troffen voortdurend de boomen en hadden geene andere uitwerking, dan dat een regen van vlokken neerviel op het terrein van den strijd. Ik maakte ontegenzeggelijk een mal figuur. Mij bleef schijnbaar niets 40 anders over dan den terugtocht aan te nemen en mij buiten het bereik der vijandelijke projectielen te plaatsen. Doch dat ging niet. Reeds meende ik het spottend gelach te hooren, dat mij in de ooren zou klinken. Ook vond ik zelfs onder deze ongunstige omstandigheden den oorlog 45 verrukkelijk.



•i iP fTf nam lk. een kloek besIuit- Met vaste hand wierp ik het kleine valiesje, dat mijne have bevatte, en dat ik terzijde van den weg had neergezet, over de sloot. Daarop volgde mijn pet. Met een grooten sprong volgde ik zelf.
2. Difference between to remember and to recollect?
in S°nymS of countlT: «eiglibourhood and district.
10. Difference between heap and pile?
12. Difference between enemy and foe?
22. In riglit earnest.
22. What is the meaning of: I daresay I did not cut a bad figure*
27. Took effect.
28. I kept in mind.
30. To prevent cannot be followed bv an Infinitive with to.
32. Difference between to retreat/to withdraw, and to retire?
34. I was in an awkward predicament.
35. Synonym of unprotected: exposed.
38. Synonym: field of battle, field of the conflict.
48. Difference between road and way?
49. I myself followed is also right.
1894.
Het bleek, dat de Engelschman, even als ik, naar Parijs gekomen was, om de hoofdstad en de omstreken te leeren kennen. Wij vertelden elkander wat voor wonderen wij al gezien hadden, en deden natuurlijk ons best het te verberer iets was, dat ons beter beviel, dan hetgeen wij in Londen kenden.
Mijne nieuwe kennis had echter, om de waarheid te zeggen, nog weinig van Parijs zelf gezien.
Ik heb eerst de omstreken opgenomen, zei hij glimlachend;
10 nu begin ik pas met de stad.
Ik ben met de stad zelve begonnen, zei ik.



Dat had ik ook willen doen, hernam de Engelschman, maar dat wilden mijne vrienden niet. De een vertelde mij, dat ik St. Cloud moest zien; een tweede drong er op aan, 15 dat ik naar St. Denis zou gaan. Nauwelijks had ik dit gedaan, of ik vond, dat ik slechts een klein gedeelte gezien had van hetgeen mij buiten de muren wachtte. Gij moet in alle gevallen naar Versailles gaan, zeide men, en ik was nog geen week hier geweest, of men had mij op het hart 20 gedrukt ook het bezoeken van andere plaatsen niet te verzuimen. In één woord, het scheen, alsof iedereen zich verbeeldde, dat er niets te zien was in Parijs zelf, en dat ik slechts hierheen gekomen was, om mijne koffers in mijn hotel te laten en verder van plek tot plek gezonden te 25 worden.
Tot mijn geluk heb ik dat alles nu achter den rug en ben nu op mijn gemak met de stad begonnen.
Ik ga morgen naar Versailles, zei ik.
Ik wensch er u geluk mede, zeide mijne nieuwe kennis. 30 Hoe dat? vroeg ik.
De Engelschman hield den voet van zijn wijnglas, dat voor hem op tafel stond, tusschen de vingers; hij staarde eenigszins afgetrokken in het glas en antwoordde, na een kort stilzwijgen, eerder alsof hij tot zichzelven sprak dan 35tot mij: Er zijn sommige plaatsen, waarvan men zich als kind eene voorstelling maakt, die natuurlijk geheel bezijden de waarheid is. Als men later zulke plaatsen werkelijk bezoekt, is men er over verwonderd, hoezeer men zich vergist heeft. Men vindt er iets geheel anders dan men 40 verwacht had. Later als er weder eenige tijd verloopen is, herneemt de oorspronkelijk verkeerde voorstelling hare kracht, en de nieuwe en ware verdwijnt weer voor den ouden en valschen indruk. Dit is volstrekt niet het geval met Versailles.
45 Een bezoek aan die plaats verwezenlijkt slechts hetgeen men in de verbeelding volkomen kent.
1. Synonym: it turned out.
2. Surroundings.



3. Difference between wonder and miracle?
4. „ „ to hide „ to conceal?
10. „ „ town „ city?
12. I should have Iiked to do the same.
14. Insisted that I should go.
15. In the spoken language the construction Scarcely had I done so, when etc. should be avoided.
17. Of wliat awaited me is also right.
17. You must go (= it can't be helped) is more emphatic, but not wrong.
18. At any rate; iu every case; in any case.
19. Less colloquial is: before it had been impressed «pon my mind not to neglect, etc.
22. Nothing to be seen.
23. Synonym of boxes: luggage. When is baggage used?
27. Difference between to begin and to commence?
29. I congratulate you.
31. Synonym: stem. — The stem is strictly speaking between the cup or concave part and the foot.
38. Difference between amazed, astonislied, and surprised ?
38. You are surprised to have made such a mistake.
41. Oorspronkelijk is an adverb.
1895.
Een half jaar later vinden wij Smit in Arnhem. Hij had eene villa gehuurd en eene bejaarde huishoudster in dienst genomen. Aan den ingang van de villa, vlak bij 't hek, lag een groote kwaadaardige kettinghond, de schrik van den 5 bakkers- en slagersjongen en de gezworen vijand van de schooljeugd, die 's morgens en 's middags niet voorbijkwam, of ze sarde hem. Aan den achterkant van het huis krijsch-



ten eenige uit West-Indië medegebrachte vogels hunne afschuwelijke liederen, waarbij een prachtige pauw, die in lOden regel nadenkend onder de veranda op en neer stapte, hen nu en dan accompagneerde.
Smit verbeeldde zich, dat hij in deze omgeving precies op zijne plaats was, en dat hij 't jaren lang zoo zou kunnen volhouden. Eerst had hij, na zijn ongelukkig bezoek aan 15 zijne broers en zusters, getracht zich in een logement een tehuis te bereiden. Maar hij had dit spoedig opgegeven. De mare, dat hij een kolossaal fortuin uit Amerika had medegebracht, was — de hemel alleen weet hoe — tot den eigenaar van het hotel, de overige gasten en de kellners 20 doorgedrongen. Dit openbaarde zich in de meest slaafsche en walgelijkste voorkomendheid. De eerste bediende kwam hem eiken morgen zelf wekken, en, waar hij zich wendde of keerde, stuitte Smit op een bediende, wiens vingers krom stonden van het grijpen naar werkelijke of denkbeeldige 25 fooien. Aan tafel vocht men om de eer naast hem te zitten. Al wat hij zei, zelfs het onzinnigste en ongerijmdste, werd als een orakel begroet. Als hij niets zei, dan zweeg iedereen. Als hij in beleefde en bedekte termen den aan tafel aanwezigen onaangename waarheden toevoegde, dan 30 glimlachten ze dankbaar en schenen zich aan te bevelen voor meer dergelijke oplettendheden. Doel en beweegreden bleven niet verholen. Op zekeren morgen had de hotelhouder hem vereerd met de vertrouwelijke mededeeling, dat hij binnen een dag of wat failliet zou gaan en op zijn 35 schatrijken gast gerekend had om die ramp te voorkomen. Bijna op hetzelfde oogenblik miste Smit een portefeuille met eene belangrijke som aan bankbiljetten en was een van de knechts spoorloos verdwenen, vermoedelijk met de genoemde portefeuille in zijn zak. Daarbij kwamen er tallooze 40 handelsreizigers, die het nommer van zijn kamer opschreven en zijn tafel overdekten met prospectussen en prijscouranten van allerlei kleur en soort. De een zond den anderen, 't Leed geen twijfel, of hij was in den geheelen omtrek, ja tot aan de uiteinden van het land, bekend als een 45 prachtige vogel, die geplukt moest worden.



1. Six moiiths is much more common than half a year.
2. Difference between to hire and to rent?
2- n „ elderly and aged?
2. Taken an elderly housekeeper into his service.
8. The literal translation of hek, viz. railings, would not be wrong.
6. Who never passed but they teased him.
10. To and fro.
14. Synonym for hold out: go on.
14. It is difficult to raake out what ongelukkig means here.
22. Turned or went. Went is originally from the verb to wend = to turn.
25. Synonyras: tips, gratuities, perquisites.
38. Had disappeared without leaving a tracé: had absconded.
39. Numberless had better be avoided, because number follows immediately afterwards.
40. Difference between to note and to notice?
42. Of every description.
43. But after doubt is antiquated.
43. In all the (the whole) neiglibourhood. Difference?
45. The meaning of moest is not clear. Therefore must, ought to, and had to are all right.
45. A bird is generally said to be plucked; but as animals are stripped of their skins, it would not be a mistake to say that a bird is stripped of its feathers. Perhaps stripped would be preferable here, considering that we must choose a word which is also applicable to a person.
1896.
Eene week was voorbijgegaan, en Hélène was geheel aan hare nieuwe omgeving gewend. Wel vervulde de gedachte aan hare ouders haar nog steeds met innige droefheid, maar zij voelde zich toch meer tehuis, dan zij had durven hopen.
5 Het viel haar volstrekt niet zwaar zich naar de regelen



van de school te schikken, en zij muntte in vele dingen boven de andere meisjes uit, zoodat haar herhaaldelijk loftuitingen ten deel vielen. Zij voelde zich dan gelukkig en kreeg eene kleur van blijdschap. Toch behoefde men niet 10 bevreesd te zijn, dat zij verwaand zou worden, of zich op haar succes laten voorstaan; zij dacht nauwelijks aan zich zeiven, maar verheugde zich steeds in het heerlijke denkbeeld, dat al de lauweren, die zij plukte, eigenlijk haren vader en leermeester toekwamen, en bovendien was zij 15 geheel vervuld van het streven om op eigen beenen te kunnen staan en onafhankelijk van alle familieleden te zijn. Terwijl zij alzoo de opmerkzaamheid van alle leeraressen tot zich trok en hare gunst verwierf, was de verhouding tot hare medeleerlingen minder gunstig. Vooral was José20phine haar vijandig gezind, en daar die in groot aanzien stond bij de andere kostleerlingen, ontbrak het niet aan spotachtige opmerkingen, waarmede men Hélène openlijk en in het geniep trachtte te grieven. Waar Joséphine maar kon, toonde zij hare minachting voor Hélène, en daar 25 deze zich dan liet verleiden om zich op krachtdadige wijze te verdedigen, had er reeds menige scherpe woordenstrijd plaats gehad. Tot nu toe was Joséphine ontegenzeggelijk de beste leerling geweest en met haar eerzucht kon zij het niet verkroppen, dat zij werd voorbijgestreefd; zij deed 30 haar uiterste best om hare plaats te behouden, en daar haar dit niet gelukte, nam haar afkeer tegen Hélène zoodanig toe, dat zij iedere loftuiting, die aan haar mededingster geschonken werd, als eene persoonlijk beleediging opvatte.
Eene andere leerlinge, Maria geheeten, was eene vriendin 40 van Hélène geworden. Hare neigingen waren van zoo geheel verschillenden aard, dat er van naijver tusschen Hélène en haar geen sprake kon zijn. Maria zou het wellicht niet kalm hebben aangezien, als haar vriendin haar meerdere was geweest in rijden, zwemmen of schieten. Hiervoor 45 echter bestond geen vrees, want die dingen waren Hélène geheel onbekend, en op de kostschool werd er zelfs nooit over gesproken. Maria beschouwde zich als iemand, die in eene gevangenis zit te smachten, en verlangde vurig naar
Eijkman, The A and B Certificates. 2
J



het oogenblik van bevrijding, om het eigenlijke leven aan 50 te vangen.
A few necessary alterations have been made in the Dutch text.
2. Was quite used to her new surroundings.
2. Indeed.
6. Though in with the Gerund is the ordinary construction after difficulty, to conform is not a mistake.
6. In conforming herself is also right. So is in complying with.
6. Excelled.
7. Praise feil repeatedly to her share.
16. Relatives.
20. Synonyms of entertained (a hostile feeling): harboured, clierished.
26. „ „ altercation: wordy strife, wordy war.
27. The translation of ontegenzeggelijk by unquestionably is also correct.
29. With her ambition she could brook no superior.
39. Mary by name; named Mary; of the name of Mary.
41. Difference between envy and jealousy?
48. Languisliing in jail (gaol is not often used now).
1897.
In een ander gedeelte van 's-Gravenhage (denk u een huis van bescheiden grootte) vinden wij mijnheer Albert Duarte, over wien wij de dames hoorden spreken, voor zijn schrijftafel zitten in een vroolijke tuinkamer, uitsluitend tot stu5 deervertrek en bibliotheek ingericht.
Wij treffen hem in geen benijdbare stemming.
Nu eens laat hij, in pijnlijk nadenken verzonken, het hoofd op de hand rusten, dan weer bijt hij op zijn paarlemoeren penhouder; ten laatste zien wij hem opspringen, 10 als of hij er aan wanhoopte de uitdrukking te vinden voor



een gedachte, die hem zelf zeker nog niet helder was, en de kamer op en neer loopen met rasse, ongeregelde schreden en gramstorig gelaat, in zich zeiven mompelend: „Het gaat niet! het gaat volstrekt niet! 't Is een verwenscht baantje, 15eene novelle te moeten maken, als . . .
Een zacht tikje aan de deur stoorde hem in zijn alleenspraak.
„Binnen!" riep hij knorrig. „Wat is er Mietje?" ging hij voort, zich tot het dienstmeisje wendend, die hem een kaartje overgaf.
20 „Deze heer vraagt, of u hem ontvangen kunt."
„Marius van Adelsteijn? Wel zeker!" riep hij verrast en kennelijk verblijd, en ging den komende reeds te gemoet. Eer deze den dorpel overschreed, werd hij verwelkomd met een vroolijken uitroep en een hartelijken handdruk. 25 „Gij hier, Marius? Gij weer in den Haag?" vroeg Albert verwonderd, terwijl hij hem binnenleidde en hem een stoel aanbood; „dat is goed van je, dat je me komt opzoeken!"
„Maar ik vrees, dat ik je stoor; je bent aan 't werk ..."
„Ik moest aan 't werk zijn, dat is waar, maar 't wilde 30 niet vlotten, mijn gedachten waren aan 't dwalen."
„Gij weet uw gedachten dan niet meer te beheerschen? dat placht vroeger anders te zijn," voegde Marius hem toe op een half verwijtenden, half schertsenden toon.
„Ge hebt gelijk, dat placht ook anders te zijn; maar 35 sinds eenigen tijd ben ik mij zeiven geen meester."
„Dat is een jammerlijke kwaal; daartegen moeten wij samen een remedie zoeken. Maar voor 't oogenblik hinder ik u dan ten minste niet?"
„Integendeel! ge doet me een dienst door mij een voor40 wendsel te geven, de pen neer te werpen. Neem een sigaar, en begin met mij te vertellen, wat je in de residentie komt doen."
„Met de residentie als zoodanig heb ik gelukkig niets te maken, en den hoveling te spelen staat volstrekt niet op 45 mijn programma."
„Ik herinner mij toch, alsof het gisteren gebeurd ware, hoe jaloersch ik op u was, dat je op de hofpartijen gevraagd werd."
2*



„Die schoone dagen zijn voorbij," neuriede Marius glim50 lachend. „Wat mij op mijn twintigste paste als mijns vaders zoon, voegt mij nu niet meer. Daar liggen al heel wat jaren tusschen. Ge waart destijds eigenlijk nog maar een knaap, die tersluiks zijn eerste sigaar rookte. Nu zijt ge mee in de redactie van een onzer eerste dagbladen, 55 medewerker aan ik weet niet hoeveel tijdschriften, en ik, nu al over drie kruisjes heen, ben mijn eigen weg gegaan, en heb wel wat anders te doen gehad dan mij in hofcostuum te steken. Ik heb tien jaar in Engeland doorgebracht, waar ik de handen uit de mouw heb gestoken, dat verzeker 60ik je! Zie maar, ze zouden nu geen goed figuur meer maken in fijne glacé handschoenen."
4. Garden-room in this sense is not used.
7. Synonyms of absorbed: buried, lost, sunk.
7. „ „ reflection: meditation, thouglits.
12. Pace up and down the room. Difference between pace and step ?
13. Wrathful countenance.
13. It won't do, I can't manage it.
24. Cordial.
24. Pressure (squeeze) of' the hand; handshake.
26. Asked wondering [ly].
31. Difference between able and capable?
32. At one time it was different.
39. Difference between pretext and pretence?
40. Have a cigar (smoke).
41. What is the meaning of begin to teil me?
53. Stealthily; secretly; in secret.
55. Magazines; reviews.
56. Upwards of thirty.
57. To put on a court-dress.
59. Worked hard; tugged at (pulled) the oar; worked
like a galley-slave; laid my hand to the plough; slaved.
59. You may be sure of that; and no mistake.



1898.
Het viel niet te ontkennen, dat de reis met zeer veel moeilijkheden gepaard zou gaan. Het was volstrekt geen kleinigheid voor den heer Zwart, om van een afgelegen stadje in het binnenland van het eiland Java met vrouw 5 en vier kinderen naar het moederland te verhuizen.
De middelen van verkeer tusschen het stadje, waar hij woonde, en de naastbij gelegen haven waren uiterst gebrekkig, en de zeereis was lang en gevaarlijk, hoe aangenaam overigens het reizen met een welingerichte stoomboot 10 ook moge zijn. En toch was de verhuizing niet te vermijden. Na eenige jaren achtereen in een heet klimaat te hebben doorgebracht, afgescheiden van de beschaafde maatschappij, gevoelt de Europeaan behoefte om nieuwe krachten op te doen in een frissche streek te midden van menschen 15 van zijn stand en beschaving.
Vóór acht jaar tot ambtenaar bij de Indische regeering benoemd, had de heer Zwart zich kort daarna, toen hij pas getrouwd was, met zijne vrouw naar Indië ingescheept. Vol hoop op de toekomst was hij daar aangekomen, en 20 met buitengewone toewijding had hij zich op zijne taak toegelegd, waardoor hij zich weldra de achting zijner meerderen verworven had. Een schoone toekomst lag voor hem open, en er was geen twijfel, of hij zou mettertijd tot een hoogen trap in de ambtenaarswereld stijgen. 25 Gedurende de eerste paar jaren ging alles naar wensch. Wel is waar vermeerderden zijne zorgen in evenredigheid met zijn gezin; maar ook zijn inkomen nam toe, en het ging hem in velerlei opzichten goed. Ongelukkig zou dat niet zoo blijven. Zijn gezondheidstoestand begon minder 30 gunstig te worden, en hij werd min of meer zwaarmoedig en gemelijk. Eindelijk begon zijne vrouw zich ongerust over hem te maken en te zinspelen op de mogelijkheid van verlof te moeten vragen. Maar daarvan wilde hij niet hooren; hij beweerde steeds, dat hem niets scheelde. Toen 35 het echter erger werd, gevoelde zij, dat zijn toestand hem zoo spoedig mogelijk duidelijk gemaakt moest worden.



„Karei , zeide zij, „ge kunt het zoo niet langer uithouden: dat moet ge zelf ook wel voelen. Als wij niet eenigen tijd van hier gaan, vrees ik het ergste. Wij moeten weg, al 40 zou het ook met de grootste opofferingen moeten geschieden wat gelukkig het geval niet behoeft te zijn. En als ge verlof vraagt, krijgt ge het stellig, want ge zijt hier al lang genoeg, om zulk een verzoek te kunnen rechtvaardigen, afgezien nog van den toestand, waarin ge sedert 45 eenigen tijd verkeert."
Met veel moeite had de heer Zwart zich laten bepraten; het verzoek was gedaan en toegestaan, en de familie maakte zich tot vertrekken gereed. De koffers werden gepakt, en den volgenden dag zou het huisraad en alles, wat zij 'niet 50 konden of wilden meenemen, verkocht worden.
2. Attended. What is the difference between to accoinpany and to attend? When are to be accompanied and to be attended followed by by, and when by with ?
2. Difference between difficulty, trouble, exertion, and pains J
3. Difference between distant and remote? f- n n island and isle?
5. Synonym of to remove: to move.
6. Synonyms of intercourse: commiinication, convevance. — Difference?
7. Difference between Jiarbour, port, and haven?
8. However agreeable, for the rest, travelling in a comfortable steamer may be.
11. Some years running; some years in succession. 15. Synonym of culture: cultivation. Why is civilization wrong?
25. Everything went smoothly; everything went as well as he could wish.
28. He prospered.
30. Synonym of to fail: to decline. 31- » » morose: sulky, peevish.
33. Synonym of leave of absence: furlongh.



46. Had been persuaded (talked over). 48. Trunks.
1899.
Nog vóór de echo van dien schellen, doordringenden toon was weggestorven; nog vóór men een antwoord had kunnen vinden op de vraag, wie dien kreet geslaakt had, had zich een venster op de eerste verdieping van Arte, 5velde's huis geopend, en op hetzelfde oogenblik vertoonde de groote volksleider zich aan de blikken van het woedende gepeupel. Daar stond hij nu, zich over de ijzeren leuning van het balkon buigende, en met de hand een teeken gevende, dat hij hen zou gaan toespreken. Geen angst, 10 geen vrees was op zijn gelaat te lezen; het getuigde slechts van stille droefheid en van innig medelijden.
Eerst was het hem zoo goed als onmogelijk, zich verstaanbaar te maken, want de woelige en luidruchtige menigte stroomde nog steeds van alle kanten onheilspellend te 15zamen, en dreigde hem met hunne toortsen en wapenen.
Maar toen men zag, dat hij het was, duurde het niet lang, of er kwam een oogenblik stilte, en Artevelde zeide:
„Vrienden, wat wilt gij? Wat heeft u zoozeer tegen mij verbitterd? Zegt mij ronduit en duidelijk, wat ik misdaan 20heb; ik zal het naar vermogen weer goed maken."
„Gij zult ons teruggeven al wat gij ons ontstolen hebt," werd hem toegeroepen.
„Men bedriegt u, medeburgers," antwoordde Artevelde; „aan de schatkist heb ik nooit een enkelen penning ont25 nomen. Komt morgen bij klaarlichten dag weder, dan zal ik tot uwe voldoening rekenschap geven van al mijne daden, en ik twijfel niet, of gij zult tot de overtuiging komen, dat men u ten zeerste misleid heeft."
„Morgen terugkomen? Dat nooit!" riep Denijs met dui30velschen lach. „Oogenblikkelrjk moet gij aan onzen eisch



voldoen. Gij zult ons ditmaal niet ontsnappen, verrader'" Daarop hernam Artevelde, met nadruk en kracht: „Herinnert gjj u niet, mijne vrienden, dat ik mijne rust O,™ m|jn g°ed heb opgeofferd, ja niet lang geleden zelfs 35 mijn leven heb gewaagd voor Vlaanderens verlossing en uwe welvaart? Hebt gij mij toen niet op deze zelfde plaats gezworen, mij bij te staan tot in den dood? Zijt gij het met, die mij hier met opgeheven handen gesmeekt hebt, u
in u ï o terrg,eV(;n? Heb ik miJn woord Jegens u niet ge40houden. Heb ik uw land met verlost uit de verdrukking?
z.°ud* mij nu wreedaardig willen vermoorden, en uwe handen doopen in mijn onschuldig bloed? Ik bezweer u, te overwegen, welken man gij onwetend tot werktuig ,,r!enj' erkent, at de viJanden onzer vrijheid u hebben ver4ö blind, opdat ons volk machteloos zou nederzinken en zich buigen onder het schandelijkste juk. Laat den noodkreet uit mijn mond weerklank vinden in uw hart, en u terugroepen tot het gevoel van uwen heiligsten plicht!"
1. Difference between to penetrate and to pierce?
„ » » to bend and to bowl
12. Impossible to hini.
15. Difference between to menace and to threateii?
» n arms and weapons ?
16. Why is it did not last long wrong?
18. Why not what will you?
19. Synonyms of plainly: frankly, candidly.
20. I will niake up for it is right.
23. You are being deceived is right.
26. Difference between act, action, and deed? ' " n to escape and to escape from ?
' » » to hazard, to risk, and to venture ?
rz* " _ „ place and spot.
7. Unto death is right here, because it is a speech ehvered in olden times. The expression to the death is also correct, but rather unusual now.
39. Difference between freedom and liberty?
» n oppression and suppression?



43. Synonym of unknowingly: unwittingly.
45. DifFerence between should sink and might siuk?
1900.
Mijnheer zit in een gemakkelijken stoel zijne pijp te rooken voor een der open ramen, waardoor de geur der reseda en kamperfoelie naar binnen komt, die buiten staan te bloeien. Hij schijnt eene aangename afleiding te vinden 5 in het gadeslaan der voorbijgangers, want het vertrek heeft uitzicht op het ruime drukke plein.
Het is hem aan te zien, dat er twaalf jaren meer op zijne schouders drukken. Toen wij hem het laatst zagen, was hij een man van middelbaren leeftijd, zooals de geijkte 10term luidt; nu is hij een oud man in den vollen zin des woords; zijne haren zijn zilverwit geworden; hij heeft altijd aanleg gehad tot zwaarlijvigheid en die is in de laatste jaren in hooge mate toegenomen; de ruime kamerjapon is hem werkelijk nog te eng. Ondanks die schijnbare 15 gezondheid ziet hij er lusteloos uit. Zijne oogen staan dof en zijn nagenoeg weggezonken in het vleezige gelaat, dat eene uitdrukking heeft van stroefheid, waarin men met moeite den vroolijken, vriendelijken man van voorheen zou herkennen.
20 Toch schijnt alles aan te duiden, dat hij wat het stoffelijke aangaat geene reden heeft tot klagen of morren. Hij geniet van den mooien, warmen Augustusdag, hij rookt met welgevallen zijne lange steenen pijp, hij vermaakt zich met het kijken naar de woelige menigte op het plein; tevens 25 luistert hij naar de lieflijke stem zijner dochter, die haar gezang op de piano begeleidt, en nu juist een oud Duitsch kerklied aanheft.
Maar reeds bij het eerste vers beweegt hij zich met zeker ongeduld op zijn stoel heen en weer, als om daardoor 30 zijne weinige instemming met de keuze van het lied te betuigen; bij den aanhef van het tweede roept hij haar met gefronst voorhoofd en luide, bijkans toornige stem toe:



„Och, schei toch uit, Dine! waarom kies je altijd zulke melankolieke liederen, ik word er zoo droevig van!" 35 „Melankoliek, vader! hoe komt het in u op dat lied somber te vinden? Mij maakt het altijd recht vroolijk."
„Misschien wel omdat het jou herinnert aan dien recht vroolijken tijd dat je pianolessen moest geven, opdat wij geen honger zouden lijden."
40 „Honger lijden! foei, vader! dat is nu ondankbaar; zelfs van onzen ergsten tijd kunnen wij met volle waarheid roemen: ons heeft niets ontbroken. En daarom hef ik nu zoo gaarne dit lied aan, dat het vaste volle vertrouwen _ op God uitdrukt; en mij dunkt, zoo iemand, wij hebben 45 reden om er mee in te stemmen. Hoezeer hebben wij de hulp Gods ondervonden, bovenal in de uitredding uit al onze zorgen en bezwaren."
1. He sits on a chair, in an easy-chair.
2. Difference between odour, smell, and scent?
6. Synonym of looks out upon: looks upon. To give upon is also used, but it is a gallicism.
12. During the last few years; for soine years past. During the last years is not English.
13. Synonym of in a higli degree: considerably.
13. Synonym of ample: capacious.
20. As far as material things are concerned may be replaced by with regard to material things.
21. Synonym of reason: cause.
23. Difference between to amuse oneself and to en joy oneself.
27. A hymn is "a song of praise to God; any composition in praise of God which is adapted to be chanted or sung; ,'especially a metrical composition adapted to be sung in a religious service; sometimes distinguished from psalm or anthem, as not being part of the text of the Bible" (Murray).
29. By that is really redundant.
30. Difference between approbation and approval?
32. „ „ al most and nearly i
42. I think, if anybody, we have reason may be replaced by I think we, of all others, have reason.



1901.
Jonkheer Bruin had juist geoordeeld. Karei had rust noodig, en die nacht, doorgebracht in een dorpslogement, waar alles doodstil was, zoodra de gasten waren afgetrokken, voldeed geheel aan zijne behoefte. Ditmaal overmande de 5 slaap hem onmiddellijk, en toen hij ontwaakte, voelde hij zich lichamelijk zoo verkwikt en versterkt, dat ook zijn geest er door verhelderd was, zoodat hij de ontmoeting met Bruin en de onverwachte wending in zijn lot nu met geheel andere oogen beschouwde, dan het hem in de verrassing 10 der eerste oogenblikken mogelijk was geweest. Toen was het hem, alsof hij alleen toegegeven had aan zekeren dwang, waaraan hij niet wist te ontkomen. Nu eerst voelde hij, dat hij een steun had gevonden voor de toekomst, dat hij een raad had gekregen, die hem er toe gebracht had een 15 voornemen, in wanhoop opgevat, te laten varen. Zijns vaders plannen helpen uitvoeren op groote schaal, in datzelfde land, waarvan deze altijd gesproken had als het land der belofte! Zijn hart sprong op van vreugde, zijne wangen kleurden zich met een blos van blijdschap bij die gedachte. 20 En zijn liefde, nu ja! die droom zijner jeugd was voorbij; hij moest dat verleden achter zich werpen, er niet meer aan denken, en hoe licht zou hem dit vallen, daar hij in eene geheel nieuwe omgeving een nieuw leven zou aanvangen.
25 Met dit kloek besluit, met een verlicht gemoed, trad hij de kamer binnen, waar Bruin, als naar gewoonte vroeg op, hem reeds wachtte aan de ontbijttafel. De jonkheer had vast thee gezet en verwelkomde met een gullen lach en hartelijken handdruk zijn luien reismakker, die groote oogen 30 opzette bij de mededeeling, dat Bruin reeds een alles behalve kleine wandeling had gedaan.
„Ik ben er waarlijk beschaamd over," zei Karei.
„Gij hebt er geen reden toe, en ge zult niet volkomen hersteld zijn, voor we aan boord zijn."
35 „Neen, neen! ik voel me nu al wat beter. Doch waar zou onze vriend blijven?"



"Die is vroeg uitgegaan, zooals ik van de kasteleins vrouw vernam, maar daar hij niet op zijn tijd past zullen We tw1 het, ontbiJt maar «et op hem wachten." komf V1i,lk Ultfekend; hiJ ^ iemand, die nooit op tijd
naar de 'kerk ge'°°Ven' hS 'S ™°<*
k "D.f Z0,U ™el kunnfn ,zÜn' want hij is vroom, en toch
45 gij zinspeelt. 0°Ven' ** ^
„Mg dunkt het kan niet anders, hoewel hij er niet voor uit wil komen; maar ik erken het, in hem is zulk een overgang zeer verklaarbaar en verschoonlijk.
)t0Ch f,°U ,hS Jammer ziJn> want een enthousiast, 50 zooals hg is, die licht van het eene uiterste tot het andere vei valt, zou onverdraagzaam kunnen worden."
7. Why not was brightened?
7. Difference between to meet and to meet witli? 1- In the sense of to understand tlie way, to be able
(10„TBthlUS) the verb t0 know is folio wed by 1.0 w 12. Not until now did he feel.
16. To assist in execating.
20. Difference between Why! and Well!
25. Resolution.
enter uponT™ t0 e"ter' t0 e"ter iut°' and to
27. Was waiting for.
35. Where would our friend be? is never used in this sense.
40. Synonym of iu time: puuctual.
°0; Jher,e 1S <ïuest*on of a definite number of extremes (two), therefore tlie other is used, and not another. 51. Difference between intolerable and intolerant?
1902.
Hoe het geheugen iemand soms parten speelt, kan uit



het volgende vermakelijk geval blijken, dat zich onlangs heeft voorgedaan met een heer van middelbaren leeftijd, die met den trein van Keulen naar Weenen reisde. Bij 5 het instappen keek hij naar het nummer van den waggon, en zeide tot een jongmensch, die al in de coupé zat en dit bemerkt had: „Vindt u het zoo vreemd dat ik naar het nummer kijk? Dat doe ik altijd, als ik op reis ga, want als men onderweg even uitgestapt is, is het wel eens 10 moeilijk zijn coupé terug te vinden."
„Nu", meende zijn medereiziger, die zeker zijn kennis van de geschiedenis eens wilde luchten, „1618 is nog al gemakkelijk te onthouden — u moet maar denken aan het begin van den dertigjarigen oorlog."
15 „Ja, dat is waar ook," gaf de ander toe, ofschoon hij zich sedert zijn schooljaren niets om die gewichtige gebeurtenis bekommerd had.
De trein vertrok, en de heeren, die slechts met hun beiden in de coupé zaten, waren spoedig in een genoeglijk 20 gesprek gewikkeld.
Nadat de trein een goede honderd mijl had afgelegd, hadden onze reizigers aan een station tien minuten oponthoud, van welke gelegenheid de oude heer gebruik maakte om even uit te stappen, ten einde het een en ander te 25 gaan gebruiken. Hij liep dus haastig langs het perron, ging de restauratie binnen en bestelde een kop koffie en een krentenbroodje. Nu is het niet zoo gemakkelijk een kop heete koffie op te drinken, als men haast heeft. Het gevolg was dan ook, dat hij zijn coupé eerst weer ging 30 opzoeken, toen de conducteur het sein gaf om in te stappen. Drommels! — daar had hij het nummer vergeten! . . . . maar wacht, het was het jaar, waarin de dertigjarige oorlog — ja, maar wanneer was dat ook weer?
„Instappen, het is hoog tijd," werd hem toegeroepen. 35 Gelukkig liep er een handelsreiziger op het perron, die eveneens te laat was, en tot wien hij zich nu om inlichtingen wendde. „Mijnheer!" riep hij, „weet u ook in welk jaar de dertigjarige oorlog begon?"
Een blik, waaruit groote verbazing sprak, was het eenige



40 antwoord, dat de aangesprokene zich verwaardigde te geven.
„Klaar!" riep de conducteur. In wanhoop vloog onze reiziger naar den stationchef, dien hij bij den arm pakte en zenuwachtig dezelfde vraag deed. „In 's Hemels naam, mijnheer, zeg het mij toch als 't u blieft," vroeg hij bijna 45 smeekend.
Het laat zich licht begrijpen, dat de stationchef vreemd opkeek aldus aangesproken te worden, en dadelijk meende met een krankzinnige te doen te hebben, op wien het verstandig was een oogje te houden. Hij gaf dus het sein 50 tot vertrek, de locomotief floot, en weg ging de trein — en de gewaande krankzinnige werd aan 't station gehouden en mocht niet weg, voor hij zich op bevredigende wijze omtrent zijn zonderling gedrag verantwoord had.
2. Difference between accident and incident?
2. „ „ lately and of late?
9. One may be replaced by you.
12. Synonym of air: show off. — Difference between to air and to vent?
15. Difference between to assent and to consent?
16. School-years is not used in English.
18. Synonym of left: started. — After to depart in the sense of to set out (on a journey), set forth, start, Murray puts: "Now commonly to leave."
24. Synonymous expression for to take something: to get some refreshnients.
25. Difference between liurry and haste?
30. „ „ sign and signal?
34. The guard invariably calls: Take your seat[s], please.
34. High time is right, but I do not think it is so colloquial.
36. Difference between late and too late?
37. Synonym of turned: applied.
40. „ „ condescended: deigned.
43. In Heaven's name.
51. Difference between to detain and to retain?
53. „ „ behaviour and conduct?



1903.
Er was 's nachts in het dorp diefstal gepleegd, 's Morgens om elf uur, toen de kerk uit was, ging het gerucht ervan als een loopend vuurtje rond. Het geheele dorp, anders zoo volkomen rustig, was in beroering, want zoo 5 iets was in geen jaren voorgekomen. Men keek elkander aan, alsof men zoodoende achter het geheim zou kunnen komen. Niemand kon ook maar de geringste aanduiding geven; er was nog op niemand eenige verdenking gevallen.
Het zal ongeveer half negen geweest zijn, toen de heer 10 Valk, de directeur van het postkantoor, de achterdeur van zijn huis uitging om, zooals hij gewoon was, een poosje in zijn tuin te wandelen. Spoedig werd zijn aandacht getrokken door het raam van het kantoor, dat half openstond, iets wat op dezen tijd van den dag zelden het geval was. 15 Er was niemand op het kantoor aanwezig, dus óf hij moest den vorigen dag vergeten hebben het raam te sluiten, óf er had zich iemand toegang verschaft door het op te schuiven. Als deze laatste onderstelling juist was, moest
er gestolen zijn.
20 De heer Valk liep eerst even de huiskamer binnen om aan zijn vrouw te vragen of zij of de meid misschien wist, hoe het raam open kwam, maar hij kreeg een ontkennend
antwoord. . . n
„Dan ben ik er zeker van, dat er iets niet in orde is,
25 riep hij uit.
Hij liep zoo snel hij kon weer heen, op den voet gevolgd door zijn huisgenooten. Hij ontsloot de deur en — jawel, een enkele blik was voldoende om hem te overtuigen van de waarheid van zijn vermoeden.
30 „Er moeten inbrekers geweest zijn," zeide hij. „Zie, de sloten van mijn bureau zijn verbroken, en ook de brandkast
is met geweld geopend." *, , , 11
Hij keek wat nauwkeuriger, en zeide toen: „Al het geld is verdwenen, maar de papieren schijnen er gelukkig alle 35 te wezen, ofschoon ze wel doorsnuffeld zijn."
Half verbrande lucifers lagen over den grond verspreid,



en uit eenige vetdroppels kon men opmaken, dat de dief zich van een vetkaars had bediend.
»^ie kan dit toch gedaan hebben!" vroeg mevrouw Valk. „Weet je, hoeveel geld er weg is? Ik hoop niet van veel."
„Ik zal het eens nazien," antwoordde haar man.
Hij raadpleegde zijn boeken, en bevond dat het ongeveer tweehonderd galden was. Bovendien waren alle post45 zegels weg.
„ t Is verregaand brutaal," zeide mevrouw, bleek van verontwaardiging. „Ik zou maar dadelijk om de politie sturen. er moet spoedig werk van de zaak gemaakt worden." _n ^eer Valk riep de meid, die hij beval naar den
urgemeester te gaan om hem in kennis te stellen van
etgeen er was voorgevallen, maar er onderweg geen sterveling iets van te zeggen.
3. Like a running lire.
4. Synonym of usually: otherwise.
4. Other expressions for in a state of exciteinent: in commotion, in a state of commotion.
8. As yet no suspicion had fallen on anybody.
14. Of the day is also right.
17. Difference between admission and admittance?
20. Living-room.
34. Difference between to disappear and to vanish?
40. I don't hope much is wrong. Why?
40. Away cannot replace gone. Away is used in the sense of absent (When the cat is away, the mice nlay), and not of lost. "
50. Difference between burgomaster and mayor?
« n to inform and to inquire ?
51. Occurred; taken place.
52. Difference between to say and to teil?



1904.
Mijnheer P., makelaar in effecten, en zijn vrouw waren reeds van middelbaren leeftijd, toen ik ze leerde kennen. Het was op een partijtje zooals mijnheer P. gewoon was er ieder jaar enkele te geven. Daar ik bij Mevrouw N., 5 een van de genoodigden, logeerde, was ik ook gevraagd.
De heer des huizes ontving mij met de overdreven beleefdheid van een ouderwetschen Amsterdamschen makelaar en maakte geen heel gunstigen indruk op mij, misschien wel juist om die reden. Zijn onbeduidend gelaat, dat zich 10 telkens in * een spiegel liet weerkaatsen, was, naar ik bemerkte, de beste spiegel dien zijn ziel had kunnen kiezen.
Mevrouw daarentegen beviel mij uitnemend. Haar gelaat was bleek en mager. Soms scheen het mij toe, dat het een pijnlijke uitdrukking had, en dat de lippen zenuwachtig 15trilden; maar dit was slechts vluchtig, en meest was er op haar aangezicht een kalmte, die aantrok en aangenaam aandeed.
De gasten hadden kleine groepjes gevormd en waren in een druk gesprek gewikkeld. De gastvrouw en Mevrouw 20 N. stonden in een hoek van het salon fluisterend met elkander te praten.
„Marie, zorg je voor de speeltafeltjes?" vroeg Mijnheer P. „Waar ben je, lieve?" voegde hij er eenigszins ongeduldig bij. Dat woord „lieve", zoo in 't bijzijn van vreemden 25uitgesproken, komt mij altijd verdacht voor; zoo ook hier.
„Zooals ik je zei", ging hij voort tot een langen blonden mijnheer met een lorgnet op, „ik heb de aandeelen toch nog voor 83 en een kwart gekregen. — Marie, waar blijft het speeltafeltje?"
30 Hoe kwam het, dat Marie zoo weinig acht sloeg op hetgeen haar man zeide? Haar vriendin had een paar woorden tot haar gefluisterd, die haar aan vroegere dagen herinnerden, en wel: „Eduard is veertien dagen geleden getrouwd." Een enkele handdruk van Mevrouw P. zeide genoeg. 35 „Nu, dan zal ik zelf het speeltafeltje dienen klaar te zetten; het is of je doof bent," riep de heer des huizes boos uit.
eijkman, The A and B Certificates. 3



„En ik zeg je, dat al die verkiezingen geen cent waard zijn," hoorde ik hem even daarna tegen een verlegen jongmensch uitroepen, die het gewaagd had van hem in de 40 politiek te verschillen, „ze willen een republiek van ons maken, en dan pakt Engeland Java in ..." — „Dat kon wel eens gebeuren!" — „Je geeft me dat toe, maar straks zei je toch wat anders. Je kunt hier gerust openhartig spreken . . ."
45 „Frits," zei zijn vrouw, die hem intusschen genaderd was, „je medespelers wachten op je. Je bent anders zoo'n toonbeeld van beleefdheid . . ."
Het geheele gezelschap was al begonnen, behalve de gastvrouw, Mevrouw N. en ik; wij zouden ook een spel50letje doen, maar het kwam er niet toe; wij bleven praten. Ik was verrukt over mijn nieuwe kennis, en kon niet nalaten een vergelijking te maken tusschen haar en haar man.
„Hoe is het mogelijk," dacht ik bij mijzelf, „dat zij met kalmte het zware juk, haar opgelegd, kan dragen; want zij 55 kan onmogelijk gelukkig zijn."
1. The omission of the article before stockbroker is not so good.
2. Wheii I inade their acquaiutance.
4. Difïerence between eacli and every?
9. Perliaps just for tliat reason is not wrong.
8. Made not a very favourable impression is an unusual construction.
9. Insignificant is not correct. According to Murray it means: 1. Devoid of signification or meaning; ineaningless: of speech, words, gestures, etc.: Words that suggest no ideas are insignificant. 2a. Of no importance or moment; immaterial; trivial, trifling; mean, contemptible. (Now usually with some reference to magnitude): The Roman loss was insignificant in this battle. 2b. Of a person, in regard to position, character, influence, etc.: What matters the ruin of one insignificant Frenchman? 3. Small in size; petty; mean: Thebes had sunk to an insignificant village.



13. Difference between thin and leanJ
15. „ „ transient and transitory?
19. Synonym of animated: lively.
22. To look after is not right. It means among others: "to attend to; to take care of; to 'see to' the safety or well-being of: You must look after the pony and the pigs."
23. Somewhat impatiently.
27. Gentleman in eye-glasses.
27. I [have] got. Difference of meaning?
30. Synonymous expression for: took so little notice of: paid so little attention to.
34. Of Mfs. P. has, of course, quite a different meaning.
40. To dilfer, in the sense of "to be at variance, to liold different opinions concerning any matter, to disagree", is followed by with; also by from (especially when followed by in).
46. A partner is "a player associated on the same side with another."
46. Pattern; model.
1905.
In een stille, naar de haven leidende straat stond een huis, dat niet bizonder groot was, rnaar zich onderscheidde door zijn eigenaardigen bouwstijl. Het was bewoond door een algemeen geachte ongetrouwde dame, die, als eenige 5 erfgename van een koopman met uitgebreide handelsbetrekkingen, ruimschoots gezegend was met aardsche goederen.
Zij kenmerkte zich door twee sterk in het oog loopende eigenschappen: aan een grenzenlooze milddadigheid paarde zij een onpartijdige openhartigheid. Nooit verzuimde zij lOblijken van belangstelling te geven, als er onder haar kennissen ook maar de minste reden was tot blijdschap of rouw, echter zonder dat zij zich opdrong of op den voorgrond stelde; en armen wendden zich nooit tevergeefs tot haar om hulp. Maar niemand spaarde zij haar kritiek, 15 wanneer zij meende, dat het tot zijn bestwil was. Het is
3*



te begrijpen dat zij dientengevolge, naast vele vrienden, ook een aanzienlijk aantal vijanden had.
Op den dag dat zij haar drie-en-tachtigsten verjaardag vierde, was het merkbaar, dat er iets buitengewoons gaande '20was. Er werd onophoudelijk gebeld: nu eens kwam de post, dan weer werden allerlei geschenken bezorgd, en 's middags kwamen de bezoekers. De oude dame was recht in haar schik; voor ieder had zij een vriendelijk of erkentelijk woord, en van strengheid was weinig of niets te 25 bekennen. Slechts eenmaal zeide zij iets wat wellicht als een berisping kon worden opgevat. Het was, toen een van haar familieleden, Mevrouw M., haar met haar dochter kwam feliciteeren, en de laatste haar een onafgemaakt borduurwerkje overhandigde. Op de verontschuldiging van 30de jonge dame antwoordde zij: „Het is maar gelukkig, dat ik het niet dadelijk noodig heb; je kunt het later wel afmaken, als je het niet zoo druk hebt."
Ongeveer acht dagen later tegen den avond liet een heer zich door den knecht aandienen. Het was de heer M., die 35 nu pas gelegenheid vond om de oude dame te feliciteeren, hoewel hij anders tot de geregelde bezoekers behoorde. Niet zonder reden wenschte hij met haar op goeden voet te blijven, want telkens zat hij in geldverlegenheid, en dan moest zij hem helpen.
40 „Ik kom, beste tante," aldus begon hij, „u wel wat laat mijn gelukwenschen aanbieden, maar ik hoop, dat u het mij niet kwalijk zult nemen, dat ik onlangs niet kon. Ik heb verleden week zooveel te doen gehad, dat . . .
Het doel van zijn komst vermoedende, liet zij hem niet 45uitspreken, en hem in de rede vallende, zeide zij: „Bij jelui schijnen ze met werk overladen te zijn: je dochter kwam met een onvoltooid geschenk; je vrouw beloofde, dat zij voor mij eenige inlichtingen zou inwinnen omtrent eenige armen, die mij om onderstand hadden verzocht, maar ofschoon 50 ik nu al dagen op haar bericht wacht, heeft zij nog niets van zich laten hooren, en jijzelf kon geen half uurtje uitbreken om mij te feliciteeren. Ik vind het jammer, dat juist ik de gevolgen moet ondervinden van die overmaat van werk."



1. When there is inversion of the subject, because the sentence begins with the adverbial adjunct, the verb is
often preceded by there, especially when the subject is indefinite.
3. For may take the place of by.
3. Difference between particular and peculiar?
4. Maiden lady is also correct.
5. Heiress is the ordinary form for the feminine; Murray says: "Heir is correctly applied to either a male or a female, although, in the latter sense, Heiress has been in general use since 17th century."
5. Commercial relations is right.
11. Synonyms of occasion: cause, reason.
12. Difference between to obtrude and to intrude ?
12. Coming to the fore is correct.
14. Difference between to spare and to save?
15. It was for his best is obsolete.
16. Difference between besides and except J
20. Now . . . then is also used.
23. In higli spirits; quite happy.
28. To congratulate her is also right.
29. Piece of cannot be left out.
30. Difference between fortunate, happy and lucky.
37. On a good footing is not wrong.
38. Synonyms: finaucial, monetary.
52. .lust I is not wrong.
1906.
De eenigs/.ins bejaarde juffrouw Jones, die een kostschool hield, zat geheel alleen met het ontbijt te wachten op haar nicht, de eenige dochter van haar lang overleden zuster. Zij had haar uit medelijden opgenomen, en werd nu door 5 haar bijgestaan bij het lesgeven in de lagere klassen.
Meermalen reeds had zij vol ergernis gekeken naar de ledige plaats tegenover zich, en langzamerhand had zij zich erg opgewonden. Eindelijk kon zij het niet langer uithouden



en drukte op den knop van de electnsche bel, die voor 10 haar aan de lamp hing.
De deur ging open, en een dienstmeisje kwam binnen.
„Kun je mij ook zeggen, waar de juffrouw is ? Al meer dan een kwartier zit ik op haar te wachten, en dat vind ik erg vervelend," zeide juffrouw Jones.
15 „Ik denk, dat zij in den boomgaard wandelt, maar ik weet het niet precies. Een half uur geleden heb ik haar de deur zien uitgaan," was het antwoord.
„Ga eens kijken, of zij daar is," zeide de meesteres, „en mocht dat zoo zijn, zeg haar dan, dat zij onmiddellijk moet 20 komen."
Verschrikt door haar heftigheid, vertrok het meisje en liet juffrouw Jones knorrig alleen in de sombere kamer, die voor niemand iets aantrekkelijks had.
Het duurde niet lang, of de kamerdeur werd haastig 25 opengeduwd en de langverwachte verscheen. Zij moest hard geloopen hebben, want zij zag erg rood en hijgde, zoodat zij een oogenblik stil moest staan om op adem te komen, alvorens iets te kunnen zeggen. Eindelijk sprak zij: „U hebt mij laten roepen, tante? „Natuurlijk," ant30woordde deze. „Je weet toch wel, dat het tijd is om te ontbijten? Eigenlijk gezegd had het niet noodig moeten zijn je te laten halen, maar ik vrees, dat je vooreerst nog wel niet leeren zult te denken aan wat behoorlijk en verstandig is. In dat opzicht doe je mij denken aan je moeder, 35 wier volkomen evenbeeld je bent."
Als pijlen vlogen deze harde woorden van haar lippen en troffen het weerlooze meisje diep, want, al had zij haar moeder nooit gekend, toch dacht zij aan haar met liefdevollen eerbied. Het was niet de eerste maal, dat haar zoo 40 iets naar het hoofd werd geslingerd, en nu tot vastberaden tegenstand geprikkeld, antwoordde zij op dezen schimp; „Ik begin meer en meer in te zien, dat ik het U niet naar den zin kan maken. Zou het niet beter zijn, als U mij toestond te vertrekken en ergens een betrekking te zoeken? 45 Ik wou zoo graag mijn eigen brood verdienen."
„Dat zou je wel willen," zeide de oude dame norsch:
i:



„dan kon je buiten mij, die al zoo lang voorzien heb in alles, wat je noodig hebt. Je hoefde dan ook geen dankbaarheid voor te wenden, die je niet gevoelt."
50 De stroom van verwijten had nog lang kunnen aanhouden, als het dienstmeisje niet weer aan de deur verschenen was.
„Wat is er?" zeide juffrouw Jones bits.
„Er is iemand, die U over schoolzaken moet spreken," was het bedeesde antwoord.
55 „lk kom," zeide de meesteres, en haar mutsje op het hoofd terechtzettende, verliet zij het vertrek.
3. Who died (had died) long ago is also right.
4. She had taken her up means she had lifted her up.
25. Why is the long expected wrong?
29. Why is You have sent for me not so good?
30. Pay attention to the translation of toch.
35. As in the spoken language whose is not used, the literal translation whose exact image (counterpart) you are should be avoided.
33. Difference between clever and sensible?
46. Dat zou je wél willen may have two meanings. In one case the translation would run: No doubt you would; I daresay vou would; of course you would like that, etc. In the othe'r case it ought to be: It is not likely; no, thank you; not a bit of it, etc. In my opinion the latter is to be preferred; only, the insertion of for afterwards would be an improvement.



1890.
The Clock.
Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten, Eleven, Twelve!
Thank you, my good friend, for reminding me.
It is said that King Philip of Macedon kept a slave on purpose to call to him: Remeinber thou art mortal! — I 5 do not think, however, that he was served so well by him, as 1 am by my clock. First of all I cannot imagine that that servant never once forgot his duty; but then, if he did not fall short in that respect, I think the great King must have been in a mood now and again to call out to the monitor: 10 Hold your tongue. But my friend in yonder corner is always at its post. and though there may come moments, when I am afraid of its voice, so that I could beg it to skip such an hour in silence, my beseeching look rebounds from its oaken chest, and it sounds its Memento with 15 incorruptible severity.
Well, to be sure, for that it receives in my house all the esteem and honour that is due to a faithful servant. Nay, I do not know if it ought not to bear even a higher title than that of servant. For to some extent it is the 20master of us all. Already in the early morning it begins to lord it over me. Then it calls to me with a powerful voice: Wake up, thou that sleepest, and rise.
I must confess that sometimes I try to emancipate myself from its rule, and pretend not to have heaid it. 25 But in vain! then it is as if with its incessant ticking (and it has a tone as clear as crystal) it continually pulls me to and fro by the arm; and if that has no effect, there soon follows a more vigorous admonition, in which I fancy I hear so distinctly a severe tone of rebuke, that at the 30same moment I stand beside my bed, and cannot refrain from begging lorgiveness from my offended friend. And now, when I have been made to do my duty, all the



house soon wakes up, and the occupations of the day begin. And do not think that its authority extends no further 35than the first hour of the morning. No — its voice is the first to be heard in everything. For, to teil you the truth, I am altogether, what is derisively called "a man of the clock." People who calculate their lives by years (some even compel me to think they do so by centuries) have 40 plenty of time. What need they trouble about their clock? It is much, if they are silent for a moment to hear it give its twelve strokes on the evening of the 31st of December. But I, who count by minutes, and even as much as possible by seconds, 1 am very sparing (chary) of my little treasure, and 45 do not like to spend more time on any occupation than it is worth. Hence I have less to say in my house than my clock has. There it is never: At what time do you wish . . . .? At what time do you choose . . . .? That stands to reason. One only hears there: What o'clock 50 is it? When it announces the hour of two, it is just the same for me, as if the footman comes to say: Dinner is served.
1. What are the principal parts of a clock called?
What is the meaning of o' in o'clock?
4. What other meanings has to call! And what is to call at, ou (upoii), for, after; to call atteution to, to call naines, to call in questioii, to call into beiug (existenee), to call to account, to call to arms, to call to the bar, to call to nieinory (ïuind, remeinbrance), to call to wituess'J
7. What other meaning has dutyJ 10. „ „ „ „ tongue'
10. What is coigu of vantage?
17. Notice: Honour to him to whom houour is due. Due North. I duly received your letter.
18. What is to bear with, to bear dowu, to bear upou, to bear down upon, to bear out, to be borne away (by feeling, impulse etc.), to bear part in, to bear in mind, to bear witness (testimony), to bear (any one) company, to bear a hand, to bear oneselfJ



19. What is to have a title to?
24. To pretend: pretentious, pretence, pretension.
What is the difference between these lasttwo words?
What other words (adjectives, nouns, verbs) are derived from the root tend?
4. Why must thou be used here?
11. Of course the clock may be taken as masculine.
What rules do you know for the personification of nouns?
12. Difference between afraid of and afraid for?
21. Do you know any other expressions in which it is an indefinite object as in to lord it ?
34. Difference between farther and further?
40. When is to used after to need, and when omitted?
51. Difference between to come to say and to come and say?
1891.
As I had expected, the weather was bad all day yesterday. At breakfast no news but (except) what was in the papers. Janssen had got over liis disappointment of yesterday, Mrs. Janssen and her daughter were talking busily with each 5 other, and were occupied with all sorts of notes and notebooks.
They had to go "to town" — that is to say, to Amsterdam; there and back before dinner!
"We dine at half-past six to-day", said Mrs. J.; "so you 10 gentlemen have a long day together and can talk to your heart's content."
"Bad weather, Mrs. J., for an expedition to town", I said.
"Come, come!" replied Janssen; "we have become country-people now: we don't mind the weather; the ladies 1 bmust go to Amsterdam, for the day after to-morrow we [shall] have some friends (people) to dinner, and my wife has some shopping to do. Vegetables are difficult to get here; there is hardly anything of the kind here."



"No vegetables here, in the country, in the middle of 20summer!" I exclaimed surprised, thinking of my friend's splendid hotbeds.
"Oh no," sighed Mrs. J.; "all that kind of thing is much better in Amsterdam; and besides, my daughter wants some things for her toilet, — and really, when one has 25friends to dinner, in this season, it is so difficult."
"To be sure, I did not know," I said, "that people gave dinners in this season."
"Ah, well, in the country, you know," said Janssen, "you can do anythingyou like. I often think so, when I drive quite 30 leisurely to the "village and saunter along the houses and country-seats.
"But then we shall have quite a large company together, and for the first time: — so I should like everything to be in order. I should be sorry if people had cause to 35find fault with anything."
Half an hour afterwards the carriage came round, the ladies were helped in, and Janssen and myself were left alone.
We sat down at the breakfast-table again, and read and re-read the newspapers, till I knew them for the greater
40 part by heart.
At length I rose, and brought out my cigar-case.
"Wait a bit," said Janssen, "Mrs. J. doesn't like us to smoke here. We '11 go to my room."
"They are just cleaning your room, Sir," "said John, who 45 was clearing the breakfast-table.
"All right, then we'11 smoke our cigars here," said Janssen courageously, and he lighted his and offered me a match.
"You may leave the door open", he continued tothefootman.
I went and stood beforc one window and my host before 50 the other. We looked out without speaking. The deepest silence prevailed, only broken by the rattling of the windows, whenever a violent gust of wind shook them, and by the incessant pattering of the rain against the panes.
13. Difference between countrj-people and countrymen?
Country-folk is also right.



14. Paronyms of weather: whetlier, wether.
16. Name the things to be found on a dinner-table.
34. I should be sorry has been taken instead of the literal rendering I should not like, because I should like has just been used.
41. Heart. — To pluck up (gather, keep, keep up, lose) heart, to have (put) one's heart into a thing. The heart of a great town. The heart of a severe winter. Heart of oak. Hearts in the game of cards. At heart. From [the bottom of] one's heart. To be in heart. Te be out of heart. With all one's heart. With a heart and a half. With half a heart. To find in one's heart. To have at heart. To lay to heart. To take to heart. To break the heart of. To cry (eat. fight, plague, slave, tease, tire, weary, weep, etc.) one's heart out. To eat one's heart. Not to have the heart to do something, to take heart of grace, [with] heart and hand, in one's heart of hearts, heart and soul, bless my heart! to have one's heart in one's mouth, one's heart leaps into one's mouth (throat), one's heart is in the right place, to wear one's heart upon one's sleeve, to do one's heart good. To heart. To hearten, to dishearten. Heart-beat, heartblood (heart's-blood), heart-broken, heartburnfing], heart-felt, heartful, hearty, heartless, heart-rending, heartsease (heart's-ease), heart-siek (sick at heart), heart-some, heart-sore, heart-strings, heart-whole.
From cor (the Latin word for heart): core. Rotten at the core, rotten to the core, English to the core, to touch to the core.
To core. Cordial (adj.), cordial (noun), cordiality.
2. Why is the article omitted before breakfast ?
2. Why is but used? What part of speech is but
here? Other uses of but? But that? lint for?
11. To your hearts' content is also right.
17. Why not: difficult to be got?
20. Of the summer is not wrong. — Rule for the use
of the article before names of seasons?



32. Why is we will have wrong?
45. Why not they just clean your room and cleared the breakfast-table ?
1892.
lt was calmer than ever in the quiet room, where she was sitting, lonely yet so peaceful. The clock on the beautifully carved chimney-piece pointed to half-past seven. The bustle in the streets had ceased. The wind, which 5 had risen towards the evening, did not penetrate through the closely shut windows and the damask curtains.
With a thousand kisses she had just laid her child, which had now happily got through the first year of care and anxiety, with her own hands in the little bed that stood in 10 the adjoining room. She had listened till the regular breathing of the little thing had made her smile with motherly joy. She still enjoyed the remembrance of all its sprightly movements, which had made her forget the world and all its wickedness.
15 Her parents had visited her and admired her child. A couple of friends had played with it, till she had taken it away from their arms, for fear the little one should get too excited. It had been a day full of glory and motherly vanity. Her heart overflowed with gratitude and happiness. 20 In the shade of the oasis she had forgotten the desert, not seen the arid sands which extended for miles to the left and right of its only spring.
Thus she sat, reflecting how it was possible to be so happy and at the same time so miserable; how it was to 25 be accounted for that cold indifference had taken the place of her hatred. If he, who for months had hardly taken the trouble to hide from her his estrangement from wife and children, could only read in her heart, he would meet with nothing but peace there, to be sure; if he were 30 not too narrow-minded to understand her, he would observe with shame and vexation that the ruin of his home (house)



was already covered with a thousand flowers. Though 35she could never forgive him that he had laughed at the sight of that ruin, she did not complain any longer. Though a tremor passed through her frame at the thought that their child bore his name, she feit strong enough to bear to the end the yoke laid upon her shoulders by decorum. 40 She owed this to her child, and there were so many who were not happier!
Was it not a great satisfaction that her parents and friends continued in the conviction that she was contented, perfectly contented? Evidently it was already easier for 45 her to dissemble.
All at once the bell was rung with agitation, and some moments afterwards the footman came in with the information that there was a woman waiting in the hall, who demanded in an impudent tone to be admitted to (to see) 50 her, that he had wanted to send the woman away on account of the unsuitable hour, but that she had not left off insisting that she should be admitted to his mistress (her).
2. Peace. — Difference between peaceable and peaceful? — A treaty of peace. Peace of mind, peace of soul, peace of conscience, to keep the peace, to break the peace, breach of the peace, to bind one over to keep the peace, to make peace, to make one's peace with, justice of the peace, at peace [with], to hold one's peace, peace-pipe (= calumet), peace-maker, peace-breaker, peace-offering. — To pacify, pacification.
4. Why not that had risen? Rules for the use of the relative pronoun?
17. Would get is not right. The subjunctive is expressed by should in all the three persons.
20. What is the plural of oasis l Plural of words borrowed from other languages?
21. Why would a comma after sands be wrong?
21. Is that right instead of which?
26. Why is it had taken, and not tooki



45. When is informatiou used in the plural?
What other nouns allow of a plural form in Dutch, and not in English?
10. To breathe. Is tli voiced or voiceless? Rule for the pronunciation of final til!
20. Pronunciation of des'ert, desert', to desert, dessert ?
The other five words in which ss is voiced? 36. Enough. — Pronunciation of ougli in other words?
1893.
I said just now that. I still vividly remember those first Christmas-days spent with my uncle and aunt; nay, I might have said that I still feel the impressions of my arrival at Uncle's country-seat. Fancy, I came on foot from the 5 nearest station, and had slightly deviated from the indicated way in a country still strange to me. That is why 1 all at once stood before a frozen ditch without any indication of the path I had to follow to the left or right. On the other side there lay a large heap of snow across a road. 10 All at once I feel a snowball against my hat, followed by quite a shower of balls. The enemy could be hidden nowhere else than behind the said heap of snow. I did not see at once, however, how large the troop was. But soon the enemy showed themselves and appeared in their löfull number on the top of the treacherous battery. They were three [young] girls, who shrieked with delight. I saw their eyes sparkle and their cheeks glow, so far as I could clearly make out under the circumstances.
You all understand what 1 had to do. In a trice I, for 20 my part, had made a few snowballs, and now the fight began in real earnest. I venture to say that I did not cut a bad figure. Though I was all alone against three, I had the advantage of practice on my side. Stooping (Dodging) to right and left to avoid the snowballs, I quietly awaited the right 25 moment every time, and most of the shots told. Of course



I bore in mind that I stood over against Amazons, and I did not make my snowballs harder than was necessary to prevent them from flying to pieces during the short distance. At last I triumphantly remained master of (kept) 30 the field. The three retreated amidst vociferous shouts of delight and dispersed among the shrubs, in order to attack me anew under cover of the branches. That was awkward for me. I was quite unprotected, and could not hit the enemy any longer. My balls continually struck 35 against the trees, and had no other effect than that a shower of flakes feil down on the battle-ground.
There is no denying that I was cutting a foolish figure. Apparently there was nothing left to me but to beat a retreat and place myself outside the reach of the hostile 40 projectiles. But that would not do. I already thought I heard the derisive laughter that would sound in my ears. Besides, even under these unfavourable circumstances I thought the war delightful.
All of a sudden I took a bold resolution. With a firm 45 hand I threw the little portmanteau that contained my belongings and that I had placed by the side of the way, across the ditch. Then followed my cap. With a great leap I followed myself.
2. What is Cliristmas Eve! When is Boxing-Day?
12. When is else used instead of other ?
30. Field of battle (battle-field), field of honour, to keep (maintain) the field, to conquer the field, to hold the field, to leave the field open, an army in the field, a hard-fought (hard-won) field, a field of ice (snow), the field of English history, field-day, field-glass, field-marshal.
47. Cap. — Name the principal articles of dress.
2. Why not I could have said? Difference between can and may?
5. Why not the next station? Difference between next and nearest l
When is nigli used?



37. When must a Gerund be used?
46. What nouns are used in the plural only?
2. Christmas. — Other words in which t is silent?
8. Is th in path voiced or voiceless? And which is it in paths? Rule for the pronunciation of ths?
37. Foolisli. — How is oo pronounced? When is oo a monophthong?
43. What is the difference between the vowel-sound in war and in warrior? Account for the difference.
1894.
It appeared that the Englishman, hke myself, had come to Paris to get acquainted with the capital and its environs. We told each other what wonders we had already seen, and of course, if there was anything that we liked better 5than what we knew in London, we did our best to conceal it.
However, to teil the truth, my new acquaintance had seen but very little of Paris itself as yet.
First I had a look at the environs, he said smiling; I 10 am only now beginning with the town.
I began with the town itself, 1 said.
I wanted to have done so too, the Englishman replied, but my friends would not let me. One told me that I ought to see St. Cloud, a second insisted on my going to St. Denis. I 15 had scarcely done so, when I found that I had seen only a small part of what was in store for me outside the walls. At all events you ought to go to Versailles, I was told, and I had not been here a week before I had been told to be sure and visit other places as well. In a word, 20 it seemed as if everybody fancied there was nothing to see in Paris itself, and that I had only come here to leave my boxes at my hotel that they might be sent on from place to place.
eijkman, The A and B Certificates. 4



Fortunately 1 have had all this now, and I have now 25begun at my leisure with the town.
1 am going to Versailles to-morrow, I said.
I wish you joy, said my new acquaintance.
Why so? I asked.
The Englishman held the foot of his wine-glass, which 30 was standing before him on the table, between his fingers; he stared somewhat abstractedly in the glass, and answered, after a short silence, rather as if speaking to himself than to me: There are sonie places of which, when a child, you form a conception, which of course is altogether beside the 35 mark. If afterwards you really visit such places, you are surprised at liaving made such a mistake. You fin'd something quite different from what you had expected. Afterwards, when some time has elapsed again, the originally wrong conception reasserts itself, and the new and true im40pression disappears again before the old and false one. This is not at all the case with Versailles.
A visit to that place only realizes what in your imagination you know perfectly.
2. Paris, adjective Parisian. What adjectives are formed from Athens, Venice, Genoa, Milan, Vienna, Thebes.
What are the names of the countries of Europe and their capitals?
4. Why not something!
9. Why not flrstly !
29. Foot. — Foot of the bed, foot of a verse, square foot, cubic (solid) foot, foot of a mountain, foot of a page, to have one foot in the grave, to find (know) the length of a person's foot, to measure another one's foot by one's own last, to be (jump up) upon one's feet, to be on one's feet, to set a person on his feet, to carry a person off his feet, to keep one's feet, to put (set) one's foot down upon, to put one's foot in (into) it, to take to one's feet, [Mr.] Foot's horse, to put (set) the (one's) best foot foremost, on foot, under foot, footman, footboy, foothold, footprint, footsore, footstep, footstool, footwav.



9. Why not I have had a look? Rules for the use of the Past Tense and the Perfect Tense?
20. In a word. — Other expressions in which the indefinite article has the force of the numeral one.
22. Hotel. — Rule for the use of the indefinite article before words beginning with h J
19. Sure. — To what rule is the pronunciation of su in sure an exception? In what other cases has su the same sound as in sure!
25. Leisure. — In how many ways is this word pronounced? Pronunciation of ei in other words?
29. Glass. — In what cases has a the same sound as in this word?
How is glass pronounced in some parts of England?
In how many ways is a pronounced in English?
1895.
Six months after we find Smit in Arnhem. He had hired a villa and engaged an elderly housekeeper. At the entrance of the villa, quite close to the gate, there lay a large malicious watch-dog, the terror of the baker's and the 5 butcher's boy, and the sworn enemy of the school-children, who never passed in the morning or afternoon, without teasing him. At the back of the house, some birds brought from the West-Indies screeched their abominable songs, accompanied now and then by a splendid peacock, which 10 as a rule strutted pensively up and down on the veranda.
Smit fancied that he was exactly suited to these surroundings, and that he could hold out like that for years. At first, after his unfortunate visit to his brothers and sisters, he had tried to make a home for himself in a 15 hotel. But he had soon given this up. The rumour that he had brought an immense fortune from America, had — Heaven only knows how — reached the ears of the pro-
4*



prietor of the hotel, the other guests, and the waiters. This was shown by the most abject and disgusting officiousness. 20 The headwaiter himself came to call him every morning, and, whatever way Smit turned or went, he came upon a waiter whose fingers were crooked with grasping real or imaginary fees. At table people contended for the honour of sitting next [to] him. Whatever he said, even the most 25 absurd and preposterous thing, was received as an oracle. If he said nothing, every one was silent. If in polite and covert terms he addressed disagreeable truths to those present at table, they smiled gratefully, and seemed to recommend themselves for more similar attentions. Pur30 pose and motive did not remain concealed. One morning the hotelkeeper had honoured him with the confidential communication that he should be a bankrupt within a few days, and counted on his wealthy guest to prevent this calamity. Almost at the same moment Smit missed 35 a pocket-book with a considerable sum in banknotes, and one of the waiters had taken French leave, probably with the said pocket-book in his pocket. Besides, there came a great many commercial travellers, who noted down the number of his room, and covered his table with prospec40tuses and price-currents of every colour and sort. One sent another. There was no doubt that in the whole neighbourhood, nay, to the very extremities of the country, he was known as a splendid bird that ought to be plucked.
2. Difference between a housekeeper and a liouseholder ?
5. What noun corresponds to the verb to swear?
What other meaning has to swear?
What is the difference between to swear and to curse?
13. Difference between first and at first?
16. What is America? What is the part of the globe called in which America is situated?
39. When is chaniber used?
41. Why not: one sent the other?
40. Why not each colour ?



9. What is the feminine of peacock? How is gender distinguished in English?
22. What different meanings has with?
5. In what other words is u pronounced as in butcher ?
5. To what rule for pronunciation is sworn an exception?
36. According to what rule is ch in French pronounced as s?
39. Why is the final s in prospectus voiceless? Exceptions ?
40. What is the difference between the vowel in sort and in sore J
41. In what other words besides doubt is the b silent?
1896.
A week had passed, and Helen had got quite accustomed to her new surroundings. It is true, the thought of her parents still filled her with intense sadness, but she feit more at home than she had dared to hope. She 5 had no difficulty whatever in conforming to the rules of the school, and surpassed the other girls in many things, so that she was praised repeatedly. On these occasions she feit happy, and flushed with joy. And yet there was no reason to fear that she would become conceited, or pride 10 herself on her success: she scarcely thought of herself, and always rejoiced in the delightful reflection that all the laurels she was gathering ought really to goto her father as her teacher, and besides, her whole mind was bent on striving to stand on her own legs and be independent of all her relations. 15While thus she attracted the attention of all the schoolmistresses, and won their good-will, her relation towards her fellow-pupils was less favourable. Josephine, especially, entertained hostile feelings against her, and the former being held in great regard by the other boarders, 20 there was no lack of derisive remarks by which they tried



to annoy Helen publicly and privately. Whenever Josephine could, she showed her contempt for (of) her, and as on such occasions Helen was led into defending herself strenuously, raany a sharp altercation had already 25 taken place. It goes without saying that until then Josephine had been the best pupil, and with her ambition she could not bear to be outdone; she did her utmost to retain her position, and as she did not succeed, her aversion to Helen increased to such a degree that she con30sidered every word of praise bestowed on her rival as a personal insult. Another pupil, called Mary, had become a friend of Helen. Their inclinations were of so quite different a character, that there could be no question of envy between Helen and her. Perhaps Mary would 35 not have looked on calralv, if her friend had outstripped her in riding, swimming or shooting. But there was no fear of that, for those things were quite unknown to Helen, and at the boarding-school they were never even talked about. Mary looked upon herself as one who is pining 40away in a prison, and she longed fervently for the moment of liberation, that she might start [real] life.
8. What is the difference between to blush and to flush!
9. What is pedantic and what is a pedant ?
23. What words are derived from the same root as delend \
What is the difference between offensive and offending!
26. Difference between disciple, pupil and scholar?
38. Difference between a boarding-school and a boardschool? What is a school-board l What is a parlourboarderi
4. How is to dare conjugated and what constructions are used after it?
9. What constructions are used after to fear ?
14. By what preposition is dependent followed?
39. When can a verb followed by a preposition not be put into the passive voice?



12. Pronunciation of laurel ? Other words in which au has the same sound?
20. Why is the s in derisive voiceless?
23. Why is the s in occasion voiced?
29. Other words like increase that have a different accent for the noun and the verb?
37. When is the combination ear not pronounced as in fear ? 39. When is 1 silent, as in talk ?
1897.
In another part of the Hague (imagine a house of modest size) we find Mr. Albert Duarte, about whom we heard the ladies speak, sitting at his writing-table in a cheerful room overlooking the garden, arranged exclusively as a study 5 and library.
We find him in no enviable mood.
Now he rests his head on his hand, absorbed in painful reflection, now he bites his mother-of-pearl penholder; at length we see him jump up, as if he despaired of finding 10 the expression for a thought which I daresay was not yet clear to himself, and walk up and down the room with quick irregular steps and an angry face, muttering to himself: "It's no use! it's no use at all! it's a deuce of a job, to have to write a novelette, when . . . ."
15 A gentle knock at the door interrupted his soliloquy.
"Come in!" he called peevishly. "What is the matter, Mary?" he continued, turning to the servant, who handed him a card.
"This gentleman asks if you can receive him." 20 "Marius van Adelsteijn? Certainly!" he exclaimed surprised and evidently pleased; and he already went to meet the visitor. Before the latter crossed the threshold, he was welcomed with a joyous exclamation and a hearty shake of the hand.
25 "You here, Marius? You back in the Hague?" Albert



asked surprised, while he ushered him into the room, and offered him a chair; "it is kind of you to come and see me!"
But I am afraid I disturb you j you are at work . . . ." 30 "I ought to be at work, that is true, but I couldn't get on; my thoughts were wandering."
"So you are no longer able to control your thoughts? It used to be different," Marius rejoined in a half reproachful, half joking tone.
35 "You are right, it used to be different, indeed; but for some time I haven't been master of myself."
"That is a grievous complaint; we must together find a remedy for that. But for the present at least I don't hinder you, do I?"
40 "On the contrary! You render me a service by giving :ne a pretext for casting down ïny pen. Take a cigar, and begin by telling me what you have come to the courtcapital for."
"With the court-capital as such I have fortunately nothing 45 to do, and acting the courtier isn't on my programme at all."
"Still I remember, as if it were only yesterday, how jealous I used to be of you, because you were invited to the parties at court."
"Those blissful clays are past," Marius sang half loud, 50 while he smiled. "What became me at twenty as my iather s son, doesn't suit me any more now. A good many years lie between. At the time you were properly only a boy who smoked his first cigar on the sly. Now you _ are on the staff of one of our leading newspapers, a con55 iributor to I don't know how many periodicals, and I, who am already past thirty now, have gone my own way, and have had other things to do than array myself in a courtdress, to be sure. I have passed ten years in England, where I have used my hands, I can teil you! Look, they 60would not cut a nice figure in fine kid gloves now.
4. Difference between a study and a studio?
19. What words are derived from the same root as receire?



22. Difference between to meet and to meet with?
24. Hand. — To have a hand in, the hands of a factory (on board a ship), an old hand at, first (second) hand, the last hand, note of hand, hour- (minute-, seconds-) hand, a hand of cards, elder (eldest) hand, younger (second) hand, to play into the hands of another, to force the hand of, to show one's hand, at hand, at the hands of, by hand, in hand, off hand, on hand, on one's hands, on all hands, on every hand, on [the] one hand, on the other hand, out of hand, to hand, under hand, come to hand, take in hand, bear a hand, force (a person's) hand, hold (one's) hand, join hands, kiss the hand, lay hands on, lend a hand, shake hands, try one's hand, wash one's hands of, have a hand in, show one's hand, change hands, make a hand, even hand, free hand, helping hand, loose hand, old hand, red hand, single hand, upper hand, left hand, overhand, right hand, clean hands, hand in, hand out, hands off! Hands up! hand over fist, hand over hand, hand and foot, hand in hand, hand to hand, hand and glove, many hands make light work.
2. When is the Accusative with the Infinitive not used after to hear .'
14. What other diminutive endings do you know besides ette, as in novelette!
15. Why does soliloquy take ies in the plural?
36. Why not I am not master of' myself?
46. How do you analyse the sentence beginning with Still I rememberi
53. How are adverbs formed from such adjectives as sly!
54. How many plurals has staff! And its derivatives?
32. Pronunciation of o before 1 in accented syllables, as in control?
47. In how many ways is because pronounced?



1898.
There was no denying that the journey would be accompanied with a great many difficulties. It was by no means a trifle for Mr. Zwart, to remove with his wife and four children to the mother country from a remote little town 5 in the interior of the island of Java.
The means of intercourse between the little town where he lived and the nearest harbour, were extremely primitive, and the sea-voyage was long and dangerous, agreeable though travelling in a comfortable steamer may be. And lOyet the removal was not to be avoided. After having passed some years at a stretch in a hot climate, away from civilized society, the European feels the want of gathering new strength in a cool region among people of his station and culture.
15 Appointed an officer in the Civil Service of the Dutch East-Indies eight years before, Mr. Zwart had married soon afterwards, and embarked with his wife for the colonies. Full of hope for the future he had arrived there, and having applied himself to his task with extraordinary devotion, he 20 had soon gained the esteem of his superiors. A bright future lay before him, and there was no doubt that in time he would rise to a high position in the Service.
During the fxrst few years all went well. His cares, indeed, increased in proportion to his family; but his income, 25too, became larger, and he throve in many respects. Unfortunately, this was not to last. His health began to fail, and he became more or less melancholy and morose. At length his wife grew uneasy about him, and began to hint at the possibility of his having to ask leave of absence. 30But he would not hear of this; he always said that there was nothing the matter with him. When he grew worse, however, she feit that his condition ought to be made clear to him as soon as possible.
"Charles", she said, "you can't go on like this any 351onger: you must feel that yourself, I'm sure. If we don't go from here for some time, I fear the worst. We must



go away, even if it had to be with the greatest sacrifices, which, fortunately, need not be the case. And if you ask leave of absence, you are sure to get it, for you have 40 been here long enough for such a request to be justified, apart from the condition in which you have been for some time."
With much difficulty Mr. Zwart had been prevailed upon; the request had been made and granted, and the 45 family got ready for departure. The boxes were packed, and the next day the furniture and all that they could not or would not take with them, was io be sold.
5. What is an inhabitant of Java called? — And of China ?
16. Notice: he was married to (not with) a Frenchwoman.
17. What is the opposite of embark? — Other negative prefixes of Saxon and of classical origin?
19. When is to apply not used as a reflexive verb?
What is a person who applies called?
26. Homonyms of last?
43. What noun is formed from prevail! — What other meaning has to prevail J
1. Why would and not should?
2. When is mean used as a noun, and when means? 10. When is the Infinitive after the verb to be not put
in the Passive.
26. Why not: this would not last?
32. What mood is ought?
38. How is to need conjugated and what constructions
are used after it?
41. Why is in which you are wrong?
27. Why is ch in melaucholy pronounced like k?
27! According to what rule is se in morose voiceless?
— Exception? .
28. In what word is int not pronounced as in hint 5



30. Why is the s in this voiceless? — When is final s voiced?
31. Why is th in with voiced? — Other words? 33. When is oo not pronounced as in soon?
1899.
Even before the echo of that shrill, piercing sound had died away; even before an answer could have been found to the question who had uttered that cry, a window had opened on the first floor of Artevelde's house, and at the 5same moment the great agitator showed himself to the eyes of the furious populace. There he stood, bending over the iron railing of the balcony, and motioning with his hand that he was going to address them. No anxiety, no fear was to be read on (in) his face; it gave evidence only 10 of silent grief and intense pity.
At first it was all but impossible for him to make himself understood, for the tumultuous and noisy crowd were still ominously flocking together from all sides, and were threatening him with their torches and weapons. 15 But when the people saw that it was he, it was not long before there came a moment's silence, and Artevelde said: "Friends, what do you want? What has embittered y°u so much against me? Teil me plainly and distinctly what wrong I have done; I will make amends to the 20 best of my ability."
"lou shall return all that you have stolen from us," was called out to him.
ulou are deceived, fellow-citizens," answered Artevelde; ^ "from the exchequer I have never taken a single farthing. 25Come back in broad daylight to-morrow, then I will account for all my deeds to your satisfaction, and 1 have no doubt you will become convinced that you have been greatly misled."
"Come back to-morrow? Never!" cried Denijs with a 30diaboiical laugh. "You shall satisfy our demand this instant. You shall not escape us this time, traitor!"



Upon this Artevelde resumed with emphasis and force: "Do you not remember, friends, that I have sacrificed my repose and my property, nay that not long ago I even 35risked my life, for the deliverance of Flanders and your welfare ? Did you not swear to me then on this very same spot that you would support me unto (till) death ? Is it not you that besought me here with uplifted hands to give you liberty? Have I not kept my word with you? Have 401 not delivered your country from oppression ? And would you now cruelly murder me, and dip your hands in my innocent blood? I conjure you to consider what man you unknowingly serve as tools; acknowledge that the enemies of our liberty have blinded you, in order that our people 45should sink down powerless, and bend under the most shameful yoke. Let the cry of distress from my mouth find response in your hearts, and recall you to a sense of your most sacred duty!"
2. To find. — To find one's feet, how do you find yourself? Weighed and found wanting, to find bail (security), to find courage, to find guilty, to find a verdict, all found, to find in, to find oneself, to find out, to find fault [with]. — A find.
4. Difference between floor and story (storey)?
8. What other meaning has anxiety?
11. Difference between all but and anything but?
24. What other English coins are there besides the farthing? — What is the meaning of this word?
31. Abstract noun, verb, and adjective connected with traitor?
40. What other words, besides oppression, are derived from the root press ?
16. When is the Saxon Genitive used of nouns not denoting a living being?
19. Why not which wrong I have done ?
21. Why you shall return?
21. Why is you have stolen better than you stoleï



25. Difference between I will account and I shall account ?
29. What form of the verb is come back?
33. Why have sacrificed and risked!
37. Why you would support!
3. When is qu not pronounced as in question ?
4. When is oo pronounced as in floor?
11. Why is there assimilation in the prefix im before possible etc., and not in the prefix un ?
18. In how many ways are against and again pronounced ?
33. How are sacrifice and suffice often pronounced?
42. In how many ways is conjure pronounced?
1900.
The master of the house is sitting in an easy-chair smoking his pipe before one of the open windows, through which enters the smell of the mignonette and honeysuckle blooming outside. He seems to find an agreeable diversion 5 in watching the passers-by, for the apartraent looks out upon the spacious, busy square. One can teil by his appearance that twelve years more weigh on his shoulders. When we saw him last, he was a middle-aged man, as the standing phrase runs; now he is an old man in the lOfull sense of the term: his hair has become silvery white; he has always had a tendency to corpulence, which has increased in a high degree of late years; his ample dressing-gown is really too tight for him even now. Notwithstanding this seeming health he looks listless. His eyes 15 are dull, and are nearly sunk in his fleshy face, which wears an expression of sternness, in which one would with difficulty recognize the cheerful, kind man of former years. Still everything seems to indicate that as far as material things are concerned he has no reason to complain 20 or grumble. He enjoys the fine warm August-day, he smokes



his long clay pipe with complacency, he amuses himself by looking at the bustling crowd in the square; at the same time he listens to the sweet voice of his daughter, who accompanies herself on the piano, and is just begin25ning to sing an old German hymn. But already at the first verse he moves with some impatience about in his chair, as if by that to show his scant approval of the choice of the song; at the beginning of the second he calls to her with knitted brow, and in a loud, almost angry 30voice: "Oh, do stop it, Dinah! why do you always choose such melancholy songs, they make me so sad!" "Melancholy, father! how can you possibly think this song sad? It always makes me quite cheerful." "I daresay because it reminds you of that very cheerful time when you were 35obliged to give music-lessons that we should not starve." "Starve! for shame, father! that is ungrateful; even of our worst time we can boast with full truth: we have wanted nothing. And therefore I now like so much to sing this song, which expresses firm, full trust in God; and I think, 40 if anybody has, we have reason to concur in it. How often we have experienced the help of God, especially in our extrication from all our cares and troubles.
1. When is Sir used?
When Sirs? When gentleman and gentlemen?
2. What are the parts of a pipe called? A long clay pipe is called churchwarden.
2. What are Frencli windows 2
12. Chamber-cloak does not exist in English.
13. What is he is tight in colloquial language?
What is tiglit-lacing ?
15. Difference between dull and gloomy? What is the opposite of dull, and what of gloomy?
*26. What other meaning has verse?
35. What hybrid is formed from to starve?
40. What other words besides concur are formed from the root cur?



15. When is sunken used? — Other past participles in en used as adjectives?
16. When is one used as a personal pronoun?
21. When is to amuse oneself folio wed by by and when by with?
30. Rules for the use of do?
40. Difference between anybody and somebody, any and some?
What is the meaning of any in I have been ill, so I cannot walk any distance yet. On which word does the stress fall?
5. How is the word passer-by stressed? What is the principal rule for even and uneven stress?
8. When is aged pronounced as two syllables?
27. When is sc pronounced as in scant, and when not?
40. Difference in the pronunciation of concur and concurrence?
1901.
Jonkheer Bruin had judged rightly. Charles wanted rest, and that night passed at a village-inn, where all was perfectly still as soon as the guests had retired, quite satisfied his wants. This time sleep overpowered him imömediately, and when he woke, he feit physically so refreshed and strengthened that his mind, too, had become brightened by it, so that he now looked upon his meeting with Bruin and the unexpected turn in his fate with quite other eyes than had been possible to him in the surprise of the first molOments. Then it seemed to him, as if he had only yielded to a certain pressure from which he did not know how to escape. Only now he feit that he had found a support for the future, that he had received advice which had induced him to give up an intention formed in despair. 15 To help to carry out his father's plans on a large scale, in the same country of which the latter had always spoken as



the land of promise! His heart leapt with joy, his cheeks flushed with delight at the thought.
And his love, why! that dream of his youth was over; 20 he must cast that past behind him, not think of it any more; and how easy that would be to him, as he should begin a new life in quite new surroundings!
With this bold resolve, with a relieved heart, he entered the room where Bruin, up early as usual, was already 25awaiting him at the breakfast-table. The Jonkheer had already made tea, and with a cordial laugh and hearty shake of the hand he welcomed his lazy travelling-companion, who opened his eyes wide on being told that Bruin had already taken an anything but short walk. 30 "I am really ashamed of it," said Charles.
"You have no occasion to be so, and you will not recover entirely, before we are on board."
"No, no! I already feel a little better now. But where can our friend be, I wonder?"
35 "He went out early, as I heard from the landlady; but as he doesn't keep his time, we had better not wait breakfast for him."
"That's an excellent idea; he is a man who is never in time, and I am almost inclined to believe that he goes to 40 church early in the morning."
"That is not at all impossible, for he is religious; still 1 can't believe he has become what you hint at."
"I think it can't be otherwise, though he won't admit it; but I confess in him such a change is easy to account 45 for and quite pardonable."
"Still it would be a pity, for an enthusiast like him, who easily falls from one extreme into the other, might become intolerant.
1. The titles (masculine and feminine) of the British nobility, and of the gentry? Titles of address?
7. To look. — "The usual preposition introducing the object of vision is now at; the older to look on, to look upon, are in the literal sense either archaic, or include
eijkman, The A and B Certificates. 5



a mixture of the notion of mental watching or contemplation" (Murray). — To look a gift horse in the mouth, to look daggers at, look here, look sharp, to look towards (into, on to, etc.), to look well (ill, black, blue, foolish), to look to be, to look one's age, to look oneself, to look like, to look about, to look after, not to look behind one, to look for, to look into, to look over, to look through, to look to, to look upon, to look back, to look down on (upon), to look forward to, to look in, to look on, to look out for, to look out on (over), to look over, to look up, to look up to, to look a person up and down.
14. What words are formed from the root duce ?
Difference between inducement and induction l
26. What is the opposite of strong tea!
17. What is the meaning of witli after leapt! — What other meanings has it?
20. What mood and tense is must?
21. Why would be and should begin?
31. When is so used after an Infinitive?
35. Why not: He has gone out early?
40. Difference between church and tlie church, school and the school etc.?
41. Difference between for and because ? — How are conjunctions divided? — Difference between whether . . . or and either . . . or 1 — Difference between still and j et!
6. According to what rule is til in to strengthen voiceless? — Exceptions to this rule?
17. What is the rule for the pronunciation of se in promise and suchlike words?
1902.
How a man's memory may sometimes play him tricks, may appear from the following amusing incident which occurred lately to a middle-aged gentleman travelling by



train from Cologne to \ienna. On getting in, he looked 5 at the number of the carriage, and said to a young man who was already sitting in the compartment and had perceived this: "Do you think it so strange that 1 look at the number? I always do that when I go on a journey, for when one has got out on the way for a moment, it is 10 sometimes difficult to find his (one's) compartment again.
"Well", said (suggested) his fellow-traveller, who no doubt wanted to air his knowledge of history, "1618 is rather easy to remember — you need only think of the Thirty Years' War."
15 "Oh, of course", the other assented, though ever since his school-days he had not troubled himself in the least about this important event.
The train left, and the gentlemen, who were all by themselves in the compartment, were soon engaged in pleasant
20 conversation.
After the train had covered rather more than a hundred miles, our travellers had ten minutes' wait at a station, of which opportunity the old gentleman availed himself to get out for a moment, in order to take something. So he hur25 ried along the platform, went into the refreshment-room, and asked for a cup of coffee and a currant-bun. Now it is not so easy to drink a cup of hot cofïee, when one is in a hurry. [So] the consequence was that he did not go in search of his compartment again bef ore the guard gave 30 the signal for the passengers to get in. Good gracious! — he had forgotten the number! .... but wait a moment, it was the year in which the Thirty Ycars W ar yes, but when was that again?
"Take your seat, it is quite time", was called out to him. 35 Fortunately there was a commercial traveller on the platform who was also late, and to him he now turned for information. "Please, Sir!" he called, "do you (happen to) know in what year the Thirty Years' War began?
A look which expressed great surprise was the only 40answer that the person addressed condescended to give.
"Ready!" called the guard. In despair our travelier ran
5*



up to the station-master, whom he seized by the arm and nervously asked the same question. "For Heaven's sake, Sir, do teil me", he asked almost imploringly.
45 It is easy to understand that the station-master was surprised to be addressed thus, and at once thought he had to deal (do) with a lunatic, on whom it was wise to (he had better) keep an eye. So he gave the signal for departure, the engine whistled, and away went the train — and the 50supposed lunatic was detained at the station and was not allowed to go, before he had satisfactorily accounted for his strange behaviour.
2. What is accideuce, coincidence ?
4. What parts does a railway-train consist of? — Translate: wissel, wisselen, baanwachter, exprestrein, sneltrein, boemeltrein, tusschenstation, overweg, rem, (het) portier, ltruier, bagageregu, loket, reisgids, overstappen, douanenkantoor, inkomende rechten, etc.
22. How long is a mile? — Names and sizes of the principal weights and measures?
26. What other meaning has cup ? — Cup of an acorn, cup of a flower, cup of the hip-bone, loving-cup. cup of humiliation, to be in one's cups, claret-cup, there is many a slip between the cup and the lip, cup and ball, cupbearer, cupboard, cupboard love, a skeleton in the cupboard.
26. Bun is Ma sort of cake: the use differs greatly in different localities, but the word generally denotes in England a sweet cake (usually round) not too large to be held in the hand while being eaten. In Scotland it usually means a very rich description of cake, the substance of which is almost entirely composed of fruit and spice; the richest kind of currant bread. In some places, as in the north of Ireland, it means a round loaf of ordinary bread."
28. What is the meaning of: It is of no consequence?
What is a consequential man?
47. Difference between he had better and he had rather.



50. Noun corresponding with detain! — Other words formed from the root tain?
3. Rule for the doubling of 1 in such words as travelling? Exception? Rule for the doubling of other consonants with exceptions?
9. Difference between if and wlien? — What other meanings has if?
12. Why are English history, English literature, etc., not preceded by the article. — Difference between English language and the English language!
38. Why not: which ycar?
48. Why the lnfinitive without to in lie had better keep an eye on him? — Other cases in which to is omitted ?
51. Why is might not go wrong? — What are moods? — Difference between Indicative and Subjunctive. — When are the forms of the Subjunctive used? — When is the Subjunctive used?
5. In what other words besides carriage is ia pronounced as one wowel?
10. When is ind not pronounced as in find?
30. Pronunciation of -cious as in gracious, -tious, -cial, -tial, -sion, -tion, -ciate, -tiate, -cient, -tient, etc.
40. When is w silent, as in answer ?
50. In how many ways are such words as lunatic pronounced in England? — Rule for the pronunciation of lu?
1903.
A burglary had been committed in the village during the night. At eleven o'clock in the morning, when church was over, the rumour of it spread like wild-fire. The whole village, usually so perfectly quiet, was in a state of excite5 ment, for such a thing had not happened for years. People looked at each other, as if in that way it would be possible



to unravel the mystery. No one could give even the slightest indications; as yet nobody was suspected.
It would be about half-past eight, when Mr. Valk, 10 the postmaster, left his house by the back door to take a stroll in his garden, as usual. Soon his attention was attracted by the window of the office being half open, which was seldom the case at that time of day. There was nobody in the office, so he must either have forgotten to 15shut the window the day before, or somebody had gained admission by pushing it up. If this last supposition was correct, there must have been a burglary.
First Mr. Valk just went into the sitting-room to ask his wife whether she or the servant happened to know how the 20 window came to be open, but he received a negative answer.
"Then I am certain there is something wrong", he exclaimed.
He went avvay again as quickly as he could, closely followed by his household. He unlocked the door and — to 25 be sure, a single glance was sufficiënt to convince him of the truth of his supposition.
"There must have been burglars here", he said. "Look, the locks of my desk are broken, and the safe, too, has been forced."
30 He looked a little more closely, and then said: "All the money has vanished, but fortunately all the papers seem to be there, though they have been tampered with."
Half burnt matches were spread about on the floor, and from some drops of tallow it could be inferred that the 35thief had made use of a tallow candle.
"Who can have done this!" asked Mrs. Valk. "Do you know how much money is gone? I hope not much."
"I will just see," answered her husband.
He consulted his books, and found that it was about 40two hundred guilders. Besides, all the stamps were gone.
"It is too impudent," said the lady, pale with indignation. "You had better send for the police at once: the affair must be seen to without delay."
Mr. Valk called the servant, whom he ordered to go and



45inform the burgomaster of what had happened, but not to say a word to a soul about it on the way.
1. Difference between a burglar and a liousebreaker!
2. At 11 o'clock a.m. — "What is the meaning of a.m., and of p.m?
3. What is rumoer in English?
9. Translate: het is op slag van negenen, het is over half negen, het loopt tegen negenen, mijn horloge is voor (achter), ik zal mijn horloge gelijk zetten.
10. What apartments are there in a house?
33. What other meaning has match? — And what is to match?
35. What does a candle consist of? What is a dip? — She cannot (is not fit to) hold a candle to her sister, the game is not worth the candle, to light (burn) the candle under a bushel, candlestick.
36. When are Mrs., Madam, and Miss used? — Difference between Miss Brown and Miss Mary Brown ?
41. What noun corresponds to pale?
11. How do you account for the use of the adjective in as usual?
12. What form is being?
14. What mood is must ?
21. When is the adjective placed after the noun? —
When does the position of the adjective affect its meaning?
28. Plural of safe and other words in fe?
34. Why would the omission of it be wrong?
38. Why is will used here?
5. When is eo pronounced as in people, and when otherwise ?
34. Why is the a in tallow not pronounced the same as in tall ?
36. When is the combination one not pronounced as in stone ?



41. In what other words does the accent fall on the prefix, as in impudent ?
42. When is i pronounced as in police?
1904.
Mr. P., a stockbroker, and liis wife were already middleaged, when I became acquainted with tliein. It was at one of those parties of whieh Mr. P. was accustomed to give a few every year. As 1 was staying with Mrs. N., one of 5 the invited guests, I had also been asked. The master of the house received me with the exaggerated politeness of an old-fashioned Amsterdam broker, and — perhaps for that very reason — did not make a very favourable impression on me. His inexpressive face, which every now 10 and then caused itself to be reflected in the glass, was, as I perceived, the best mirror that his soul could have chosen.
His wife, on the contrary, I liked inimensely. Her face was pale and thin. Sometimes it seemed to me that it 15 wore a painful expression, and that her lips quivered nervously; but this was only transient, and mostly there was on her face a calmness which attracted and pleased.
The guests had formed little groups, and were engaged in animated conversation. The hostess and Mrs. N. stood 20 talking in whispers together in a corner of the drawing-room.
"Mary, will you see to the card-tables ?" asked Mr. P. "Where are you, dear?" he added rather impatiently. This word "dear" uttered (like that) in the presence of strangers always sounds suspicious to me; so it did here. "As I 25 was telling you", he continued to a tall, fair-haired gentleman wearing eye-glasses, "I got the sliares at 83 and a quarter after all. — Mary, how about the card-table?"
"How was it that Mary took so little notice of what lier husband said. Her friend had whispered a few words to 30 her, that reminded her of former days, viz., "Edward mar-



ried a fortnight ago." A single pressure of the hand from Mrs. P. said enough.
„Very well, then I shall have to get the card-table ready myself; you seem to be deaf", the master of the house 35called out angrily.
"And I teil you that all these elections are not worth a snap", I heard him exclaim a moment afterwards to a timid young man who had ventured to differ in politics from him. "They want to make a Republic of us, and 40 then England will seize Java . .
"That is not at all impossible!"
„You grant (admit) that, but just now you said something different; you are quite free to speak frankly here . .
"Fred", said his wife, who had approached him in the 45 meantime, "your fellow-players are waiting for you. You are always such a paragon of politeness . .
The whole company had already begun, except the hostess, Mrs. N., and myself; we were also going to have a game, but we did not get to it, we continued talking. I 50 was delighted with my new acquaintance, and could not help making a coniparison between her and her husband.
"How is it possible", I thought to (within) myself, "that she can calmly bear the heavy yoke that has been laid on her shoulders; for she can't possibly be happy".
1. What is a broker? — Other compounds formed
from broker?
4. Difference between to stay and to lodge?
6. Other words derived from the rootceive?— Difference between receipt and reccption, conceit and coiiceptioii ?
11. Looking-glass is never used of a metal mirror now, nor is it employed in the figurative.
13. Difference between on the contrary and on the
other hand?
19. Different meanings of host and hostess?
21. Translate: een spel kaarten, fiches, voorzitten, coupeeren enz.
26. Difference between eye-glasses and spectacles?



30. What is the origin of viz.?
54. Can impossibly is not English. When is impossibly used?
2. It was at a party such as Mr. P. was accustomed to give a few every year is not correct, as the analysis of the senten ce will show.
9. Why is that wrong?
11. Why is that to be preferred after the best mirror?
24. Why is it not: so did it liere, like so did my father? — Rules for the place of the subject?
25. Why not As I toltf you?
30. Why is there a comma between her and that?
33. Why I shall liave?
38. Which names of arts and sciences end in ic! — Are such words as politics singular or plural?
51. Is the verbal form in -ing after I could not help, etc. a Gerund or a Present Participle?
6. Other cases, like house and to house, in which the noun has a voiceless se, and the verb a voiced se?
38. Pronunciation of politic and other words in ic? What about their pronunciation when al is added?
1905.
In a quiet street leading to the harbour there stood a house which was not particularly large, but was distinguished by its peculiar style of architecture. It was inhabited 5 by a universally esteemed unraarried lady who as the only heiress of a merchant with extensive business-relations, was amply blessed with earthly goods.
She distinguished herself by two very conspicuous qualities: to boundless munificence she joined impartial frankness.
10 She never omitted giving marks of sympathy, if among her acquaintances there was the least occasion for joy or sorrow, without, however, obtruding or putting herself in the foreground; and poor people never applied to her for help in



15vain. But she did not spare anybody her criticism, when she thought that it was for his good. It is easy to understand that besides many friends she had a considerable number of enemies in consequence of this.
On the day when she celebrated her eighty-third birthday, 20 it was noticeable that something extraordinary was going on. The bell was rung constantly: now the postman came, now all sorts of presents arrived, and in the afternoon the visitors came. The old lady was in high feather: she had a kind or grateful word for every one, and there was little 25 or no severity to be noticed. Only once she said something that might perhaps be taken as a reprimand. It was, when one of her relations, Mrs. M., came with her daughter to wish her many happy returns of her birthday, and the latter handed her an unfinished piece of embroidery. To 30the excuses of the young lady she replied: "It is fortunate that I don't want it at once, to be sure; you can finish it later on, when you are not so busy."
About a week after, towards the evening, a gentleman sent up his name by the footman. It was Mr. M., who 35 had not until now found an opportunity to express his best wishes to the old lady, thougli otherwise he was among the regular visitors. Not without reason did he wish to remain on good terms with her, for he was repeatedly in pecuniarv difficulties, and then she had to help him. 40 "I have come rather late, dear Aunt," he began, "to wish you many happy returns of your birthday, but I hope you won't take it amiss that I couldn't come the other day. 1 had so much to do last week that ..."
Guessing the object of his call, she did not let him 45finish, and intcrrupting him, she said: "At your house everybody seems to be overwhelmed with work: your daughter came with an unfinished present; your wife promised to make inquiries for me about some poor people who had asked me for support, but though I have waited 50 for information from her for several days, I have not heard a word yet, and you yourself couldn't get away for half an hour to wish me many happy returns. I am sorry



that 1 of ali others should have to experience the consequences of this excess of work."
6. Difference between to esteem and to estimate?
10. Openheartedness would be ambiguous here for openhearted means: 1. disposed to communicate thoughts or feelings; not reserved, frank. 2. accessible to noble emotions, especially those of generosity or pity; full of kindly feeling."
34. What is a lootman? — What is a butler ?
45. What is to speak out?
51. To break out is wrong. A person is said to break out into (in) some manifestation of feeling or some action: He is not a confirmed dipsomaniac, but only breaks out now and again.
To break. — To break bread, to break a lance with, to break blows (words) with, to break one's head, his voice breaks, to break on the wheel, to break the neck of a journey (of a piece of business), to break the heart, to break the bank, his health is breaking, to break [in] a horse, to break a law, to break prison, to break one's word [with], to break covert (cover), to break news (a secret), to break a jest, to break one's journey, to break silence, to break one's fast, to break any one of a practice (habit), to break with, to break loose, the day breaks, the darkness is breaking, the clouds are breaking, to break the ice, to break into, to break away, to break down, to break forth, to break in upon, to break off, to break out, to break through, to break up.
11. öniitted to give is also riglit. — Other verbs after which both the Infinitive with to and the Gerund are allowed ?
11. Difference between among and amidst; amoiig and between ?
20. Why is the first e in noticeable required?
21. Why is Tliere was rung not English?
26. Why not could be takeu?
37. Why not he wished?



40. Why I have come?
42. Why is won't written and pronounced with an o?
53. What shade of difference is there between have and should have?
18. When is qu not pronounced as in consequence ?
21. Words in which o before st is not pronounced as in post?
26. Pronunciation of a in reprimand? — In how many ways is this sound represented?
1906.
The elderly Miss Jones, who kept a boarding-school, was sitting all alone waiting breakfast for her niece, the only daughter of her sister long since dead. She had taken her into her house out of pity, and was now assisted by her 5 in that she gave (giving) lessons in the lower forms.
Alreadv more than once she had looked full of vexation at the empty seat opposite her- and gradually she had excited herself very much. At last she could not bear it any longer, and she pressed the button of the electric bell, 10 which hung (was hanging) before her on the lamp.
The door opened (was opened), and a servant entered.
"Could you teil me where my niece (Miss Mary etc.) is? I have been waiting for her for more than a quarter of an hour, and I think (find) that very tiresome," said Miss Jones. 15 "I think she is having a stroll in the orchard, but I don't know exactly. Half an hour ago I saw her leave (leaving) the house," was the answer.
"Just look (go and look), if she is there," said her mistress, "and should that be so, teil her that I want her to 20 come [in] at once."
Frightened by her vehemence, the girl went away, leaving the peevish Miss Jones alone in the gloomy room, which had nothing attractive for anybody.
It was not long before the door of the room was hastily 25 pushed open, and the long expected young lady (one) appeared.



She raust have run fast, for she looked very red and panted, so that she had to stand still for a moment to recover her breath, before being able to say anything. At last she spoke: "Did you send for me, Aunt?" "Of 30 course," answered the latter (this lady). "You know quite well that it is time for breakfast, don't you?" Strictly speaking, it ought not to have been necessary to send for you, but I am afraid it will be long (some time) before you learn to think of what is proper and sensible. In that 35 respect you remind me of your mother, for you are exactly like her." Like arrows these harsh words flew (darted) from her lips, and wounded the defenceless girl deeply, for, though she had never known her mother, she thought of her with fond respect. It was not the first time that such 40 words were flung at her head, and now stung to determined opposition, she replied to this taunt: "I am beginning to see more and more that 1 can't satisfy you. Hadn't jou better allow me to go away and find a situation somewhere? I should like so much to earn my own living." 45 "It is not likely," the old lady said grumpily, "for then you could do without me, who have so long provided everything you want. Nor need you pretend any gratitude then, which you don't feel."
The torrent of reproaches might have continued a long 50 time, if the servant-girl had not appeared at the door once more.
"What is the matter?" Miss Jones said sharply.
"There is somebody wants to speak to you about school [-affairs]," was the timid answer.
"I am coming," said the mistress, and adjusting her cap 55 on her head, she left the room.
1. Eenigssins bejaard is elderly, not some what elderly, for elderly is: "somewhat old, verging towards old age" (Murray).
5. Other correct renderings are to for in, and classes for forms.
6. Full of vexatioii may be replaced by witli yexation, with impatience, and peevishly.



10. What are the names of the principal parts of a lamp?
14. I think tliat a great uuisance; I think that so annoying.I should prefer, though it is less literal: it is so tiresorae (annoying), it is sucli a nuisance.
15. She lias a stroll is wrong. She lias goiie for a stroll (walk) is right.
22. The literal translation: leaving Miss Joiies alone in a temper in tlie gloomy room does not sonnd so nice, but is of course quite correct.
26. It was evident that she had been running [fast]. 33. That for some time to come you won't learn to
think etc; that you won't learn yet-a-while.
35. You put me in mind of.
36. What is insensible?
Hard words is right, though it may also mean difficult words.
45. In a surly tone is right for grumpily.
46. Wlio have so loug provided for you.
9. Why is the comma after bell necessary, and why is that wrong?
19. Might this be so is wrong. Why? — If this is so has a slightly different meaning.
24. It did not last long before is not usual in English? Why not?
28. Why not something?
31. Why is the hyphen in breakfast wrong?
32. What sort of a Present Participle is speaking here? Do you know any other cases like it? How about the Past Participle?
9. In what other words is ng pronounced as in longer? How do you pronounce longevity 1 Why?
27. Pronunciation of paut and other words in ant! 30. In what other words besides answer is w silent?
37. Other heteronyms like wound — wound? 49. When is oa not pronounced as in reproach?



Questions on Phonetics.
1. What cartilages form the larynx, and how are they situated?
2. Where and how are the vocal chords situated, and the false vocal chords?
3. What is their position for breathing, whisper, and voice?
4. What is the epiglottis?
5. What is the pharynx?
6. On what bone is the larynx hung up?
7. What are the functions of the soft palate?
8. What is the uvula?
9. What other organs of speech deserve to be mentioned?
10. How is a speech-sound produced?
11. What is voice?
12. What is a vowel-sound in ordinary speech, and what in whisper?
13. What is a consonant-sound in ordinary speech, and in whisper?
14. What is a semi-vowel-sound ?
15. What are voiced and voiceless consonant-sounds?
16. Do you know another name for voiced and voiceless?
17. What is the glottal stop or catch?
18. What is clear beginning?
19. What is gradual beginning?
20. Where and how is the voiceless h formed?
21. And the voiced h?
22. What is meant by oral and nasal speech-sounds?
23. What is meant by the configuration of a speech-sound?
24. What is a stop consonant-sound ? Another name ?
25. What is an open consonant-sound? Another name.
26. What are continuants and what are gliding consonant-sounds ?



27. Which are the stops (voiced and voiceless)?
28. And the opens?
29. And the continuants?
30. And the gliding consonant-sounds?
81. How are consonant-sounds divided with regard to the organs of the mouth with which they are formed?
32. Which is the voiced back stop, and the correspond-
ing open? , . ,
33. Give a Dutch word in which the voiced back open
is pronounced by many people.
34. Which are the voiced and voiceless stops in Dutch.
35. Which of them occur in English?
36. What voiced and voiceless opens do you know in
English and in Dutch?
37. Which English consonant sounds do not occur in
Dutch?
38. Which Dutch consonant sounds do not occur in
English? . , .
39. Why can all consonant-sounds be voiced and voice-
less?
40. How many nasal consonant-sounds do you know? 41 Give an example of the lip-teeth nasal.
42. Pronounce the Dutch word kaut with the voiced nasal and with the corresponding voiceless one.
43. Do the same with hangt and klimt. ■
44. How many trilled consonant-sounds do you know.
45. How is the uvular r formed?
46. Can you form the velar trill?
47. What is the difference between the Dutch point r
and the English one?
48. How would you teach pupils the English r.'
49. What is the difference between the English r after
d and after g, f, v, &,/,<?? .
50. After what consonant-sounds is r half voiceless in
^ 51. What other consonant-sounds fall under this rule? 52. What is l, and why is it called so? eijkman, The A and B Certificates. ®



53. What is the difference between English and Dutch initial stops?
54. Pronounce light with a voiceless l.
55. Pronounce right with a voiceless r.
56. How are / and it formed?
57. How would you teach pupils these sounds?
58. What is the difference between Dutch and English l?
59. What is meant by the blade of the tongue?
60. Which are the blade consonant-sounds?
61. Which are the blade-points?
62. In how many ways are s and e formed?
63. What is the difference between the English and the Dutch J (ship, sjerp)!
64. What is a digraph? Examples.
65. In what ways is J represented in English?
66. What is the difference between su in suit and in sugar J
67. What is the difference in the formation of English s and S?
68. What is a hiss?
69. What is a buzz?
70. Which are the liquids?
71. What name do you give to the j-sound?
72. Is the corresponding voiceless sound ever heard in English?
73. In what language is it verv common?
74. Which is the corresponding stop?
75. Give an example of this stop in Dutch.
76. Does it occur in English?
77. Why is the English w called a lip-back consonant?
78. In what ways do you form your Dutch wl
79. What is the difference between w in will and in wil 1
80. What do you know about voiced and voiceless w in English?
81. How many sounds are heard in pleasure, tlecision, mention, conlession ?
82. What do you understand by the organic and the acoustic qualities of vowel-sounds?



83. What is the principle of Trautmann's system of vowel-sounds?
84. What is meant by high, mid and low vowel-sounds
in Sweet's system?
85. What are front, mixed and back vowel-sounds?
86. What are narrow and wide vowel-sounds?
87. What are murmur diphtliongs and which are they in English?
88. What are half-diphthongs and which are they in
English?
89. And full diphthongs?
90. Which are the narrow vowels in English?
91. Of which English diphthong is the vowel in ent the
first element?
92. What is inner rounding? Another name?
93. What is outer rounding? Another name?
94. What is the difference between the vowels in the English word liat and the Dutch word liet?
95. And in English peat and Dutch Piet?
96. WThat is the difference in the north and the south of England as regards the pronunciation of the vowel-sound
of peat? . .
97. What difference is there in the pronunciation of
law and lore?
98. And of lore and lord?
99. And of book and fooi?
100. And of English pot and Dutch pot?
101. And of English cow and Dutch kou ?
102. And of English mud and Dutch mud?
103. And of English pit and Dutch pit?
101. And of English met and Dutch met?
105. And of English boat and Dutch boot?
106. And of English boot and Dutch boet?
107. And of English might and Dutch meid?
108. And of English curse and Dutch kus?
109. How many sounds do you pronounce in fare, bird, prayer, worsted, cupboard, vowel, here, iron. victuals, value, t'ollow?
6*



110. How many sorts of stress are there in English?
111. What is the general rule for stress in English?
112. Name sorae exceptions.
113. How is the stress in singing-bird and in singing bird?
114. What is the difference between Sweet's vowelsystem and that of the other leading phoneticians ?
115. Which are the long vowels in English?
116. Which are the short vowels in English?
117. What is the influence of a consonant upon the duration of the preceding vowel in English?
118. What do you know about the length of consonants in English?
119. And in Dutch?
120. In how many ways are such numerals as fourteen, fifteen stressed?
121. What is a glide?
122. What are on-glides and off-glides?
123. When is there no glide between two sounds in English ?
124. What is the difference in the English and the Dutch pronunciation of October?
125. Describe in detail what you do when you pronounce father, duke, eleven, request, occasion, mention.
IRREGULAR VERBS in Ordinary Modern English.
lnfinitive Past Tense PastParticiple
to abide abode, abided abode, abided. Murray remarks that abode is now the common form and some make a weak past tense and past participle abided. Sweet gives only abided.
to beat beat beaten.
Beat is occasionally used for beaten, but chiefly in the sense of to ouercome, to conquer in battle (or any other



contest), to show oneself superior to, to surpciss, to excel, and in phrases like dead-beat.
to begin began begun
to bereave bereaved, bereft bereaved, bereft.
Bereft, bereft is more usual in the sense of to deprive of immaterial possessions, as life, hope etc. lt is restricted to higher literary language. Bereaved, bereaved is more usual in reference to the loss of relatives by deatn. to bet bet, betted bet, betted.
These forms are given by Murray and The Century Dictionary. Sweet does not mention this verb.
to bid bad, bade, bid bidden, bid.
The senses of 'invite' or 'order' are in every-day use in the north, but archaic in southern speech, where 'bid him do it' is regularly made 'teil him to do it.
To bid in the sense of to offer (a certain price) for has bid in the past tense and in the past participle.
Note that bade is pronounced like bad.
to forbid forbad, forbade forbidden. to bite bit bitten.
The participle bit is still kept in the phrase the biter bit. to blow blew blown.
In the vulgar sense of to curse, to hang the past participle is blotved: Blow me, if I do it. Iom be blowed!
to break broke broken.
to burn burnt burnt.
Burnt is now the prevailing form, and its use is always permissible; bumed is slightly archaic, and somewhat more formal in effect; it occurs more frequently as past tense or in combination with the auxiliary have than as particip-
ial adjective.
to chide chid chid, chidden.
The verb is nearly obsolete in the present spoken English. Sweet gives only the participle chidden. Occasionally chided is used in the past tense and the past participle. to cleave (= to divide) cleaved, cleft cleaved, cleft.
The forms cleaved and cleft are both used, cleft espe-



cially in the past participle, where it interchanges \vith doven, with some differentation in particular connexions, as 'cleft stick', 'cloven foot'.
According to Sweet this verb is not much used, except in some special technical expressions.
to cleave (— to adhere) cleaved cleaved.
According to Sweet this verb is now obsolete in the spoken language.
to cling clung clung.
to. clothe clad, clothed clad, clothed.
to crow crew, crowed crowed.
The form crew is prevalent, when it refers to the loud cry of a cock; but crowed is used with reference to persons in the sense of to utter a loud inarticulate sound of joy or exultation; to speak in exultation, to bonst, to swagger.
to dare durst, dared dared.
The form durst is used intransitively when not followed by to, especially in the negative durst not. Dared is used either as a transitive verb, or as an intransitive one without to.
'None dared to speak' is more emphatic than 'none durst speak'.
Sweet remarks that the intransitive present participle daring is used only as an adjective, and that the past tense durst is little used in the spoken language, where the literary I durst not interrupt him is represented by I did not dare to interrupt him.
to dig dug dug.
Accordiug to Sweet digged is obsolete, according to Murray it is not.
to dip dipped, dipt dipped, dipt.
According to Murray and the Century Dictionary.
Sweet does not mention this verb.
to distract distracted distracted.
The adjective distrauglit (= driven to madness) is not a form of this verb.
to dream dreamt, dreamed dreamt, dreamed.



Dreaint and dreamed are respectively pronounced dremt
and drijmd.
to drink drank drunk
Drank is frequently used as a past participle, in order to avoid the form drunk, which suggests drunken. to drop dropped, dropt dropped, dropt.
This according to Murray. The Century Dictionary gives dropped only, and Sweet does not mention the verb. to dweil dwelt dwelt.
Now rarely divelled.
to eat ate eaten.
to fling flung flung.
to f'orget forgot forgotten.
The past participle forgot is used in poetical style only. to get got got.
The past participle gotten is now rare, except in ilUgotten, to freight freighted freighted.
The past participle or adjective fraught is not a form of the verb to freight, but of the obsolete verb to fraught, which had the same meaning.
to gild gilt, gilded gilt, gilded.
to gird girt, girded girt, girded.
This verb is chiefly employed in rhetorical language. to grave graved graven, graved.
This verb is not used in ordinary language. The form graven is the prevailing one.
to heave heaved, hove heaved, hove.
Heaved is the general form, thougli hove remains in certain uses, e.g. The ship was hove to (= the ship was brought to a standstill by setting the sails so as to counteract each other); a tremendous bear hove in sight (= rose into view, became visible).
to hew hewed hewn, hewed.
The past participle heived is not so common as heien. to hide hid hidden, hid.
Sweet does not mention the past participle hid. to knit knitted knitted.
According to Sweet the preterite-form knit is now pre-



served only as an adjective in well-knit, etc. Otherwise the preterite-form is regular—knitted.
to lade laded laden.
In ordinary English this verb is preserved only in the past participle laden and in bill of lading. For the rest it has been replaced by the regular verb to load.
According to Murray the verb to lade may be used, without any restriction as to ordinary or literary language, in the sense of:
1. transitive. to put the cargo on board (a ship). Also (now only in passive) to load (a vehicle, a beast of burden).
b. to load (a person) with gifts, etc., (a tree, branch) with fruit; to charge or fill abundantly. Now only in past participle laden, loaded, fraught, heavily charged with.
c. to burden, load oppressively; chiefly in immaterial sense. Now only (somewhat archaic) in past participle, burdened with sin, sorrow, etc.
2. to put or place as a burden, freight, or cargo; now only, to ship (goods) as cargo.
to lean leant, leaned leant, leaned.
Leant and leaned are respectively pronounced lent and lijnd.
to leap leapt leapt.
Murray also mentions the regular form leaped, but Sweet does not. In fact, the latter gives lept instead of leapt, but that is no doubt due to an oversight on his part. to learn learnt learnt.
Murray also gives learned (pronounce hand), but Sweet does not. The adjective is always learned (to be pronounced as two syllables).
to light lit, lighted lit, lighted.
to melt melted melted.
Murray says that the past participle molten "is now only poetical and rhetorical except as adjective, and even in that use is merely literary."
to mow mowed mown, mowed.
to pen penned penned.



The form pent is used as an adjective: pent-up emotion.
Sweet conjugates this verb: to pen, pent, pent, but Murray does not mention these forms.
to ride rode ridden.
to ring rang rung.
to rive rived riven, rived.
to run ran run.
to saw sawed sawn, sawed.
to seethe seethed seethed, sodden.
Sodden is now used as an adjective, which has been made into a verb with past participle soddened, which is extensively used instead of sodden.
to sew sewed sewed, sewn.
Sweet seems to conjugate this verb only regularly, lor he does not mention it. Murray has not got to this word yet, and The Century Dictionary gives seived and seivn for the past participle.
to shape shaped shaped, shapen.
to shave shaved shaved, shaven.
to shear sheared shorn.
The past tense shore and the past participle sheared are marked obsolete by Sweet.
to shoe shoed shoed.
Sweet says: usliod is now used chiefly as an adjective, shoe being conjugated regularly shoed.''
to show showed shown, showed.
to shred shred shred.
The Century Dictionary adds: Sometimes sliredded. to shrink shrank shrunk.
to shrive shrived shriven.
to sing sang sung.
to sink sank sunk.
to sit sat sat.
to sling slung slung.
to slink slunk slunk.
to slit slit, slitted slit, slitted.
This according to The Century Dictionary. Sweet does not mention this verb, and Murray has not got to it yet.



to smell smelt smelt,
to sow sowed sown, sowed.
to spell spelt spelt,
to spill spilt spilt,
to spin spun spun.
to spit spat spat.
to split split split.
This according to The Century Dictionary, which adds in brackets: "sometimes splitted". Sweet does not mention this verb, and Murray has not got to it yet. to spoil spoilt spoilt.
To spoil (= to plunder) is regular.
to spring sprang sprung.
to stave stove, staved stove, staved.
to step stepped, stept stepped, stept.
This according to The Century Dictionary. Sweet does
not mention it, and Murray has not got so far.
to stick stuck stuck.
to sting stung stung.
to stink stank stunk.
to strew strewed strewn, strewed.
to stride strode strode.
Sweet marks stridden as obsolete.
to string strung strung.
Stringed is used in stringed Instruments.
to strip stripped, stript, stripped, stript.
This according to The Century Dictionary. Not in Sweet. Murray has not got so far.
to swell swelled swollen, swelled.
to swim swam swum.
to swing swung swung.
to tread trod trodden.
to wake woke, waked woke, waked.
These forms are given by Sweet. Murray's Dictionary has not got to any of the verbs after to pen yet; but under to awake it says: Past tense awoke, formerly also awaleed. Past participle awoke and awaked.
to weave wove, weaved woven, weaved.



to whip whipped, whipt whipped, whipt.
This according to The Century Dictionary. Not in Sweet. Murray has not got so far.
to wrap wrapped, wrapt wrapped, wrapt. In The Century Dictionary. Not in Sweet. Murray has not got to it yet.
to wring wrung wrung.



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THE A AND B CERTIFICATES
II
THE EX AM IN AT ION -PAPERS (TRANSLATIONS INTO ENGLISH SET DURING THE YEARS 1907 T(f' 1926), WITH QUESTIONS ON IDIOM, GRAMMAR, AND PRONUNCIATION
BY
L. P. H. EIJKMAN
P. NOORDHOFF —
1927 - GRONINGEN







P R E F A C E.
This second volume brings the examination papers up to date. It may be used independently of the first. For those who have not used the latter, the following may be quoted from its preface: "In composing this book I have imagined that the student will use it as follows.
He will first translate the Dutch text for himself, and try with the help of his books to answer the questions placed at the foot (The synonyms mentioned in this book are discussed in Smith's Synonyms Discriminated or Crabb's English Synonyms. In cases where a word or expression only is given, the student will find another used in the translated text). Next he will compare his translation with the one in the book, and give his attention to the questions at the foot of the same.
As every student is supposed to have a teacher, whom he may consult whenever his books leave him in the lurch, and as in my opinion he ought as much as possible to find out for himself instead of having things presented to him ready made, the answers to the questions have been omitted."
Remarks and suggestions offered in a kindly spirit will be thankfully received by
L. P. H. Eijkman.







1907.
Het liep tegen 't najaar. De zomerwarmte begon langzamerhand plaats te maken voor de frissche koelte van den
herfst. Regen en zonneschijn wisselden elkander af. Nu en dan vloog er een storm over 't veld, een voorbode van den 5 naderenden winter.
De hoofdgrachten van onze groote handelssteden beginnen te herleven. Wel is waar zal het nog een paar weken duren, eer de rijkelui hun winterkwartieren betrekken, maar er zijn teekenen in overvloed, dat ze verwacht worden. Hier en daar lOopent men nu en dan de vensters van een salon, om de voorbijgangers een blik te gunnen op de schilderijen aan den wand, welke ze anders nooit te zien krijgen, en die toch minstens eenige duizenden in waarde vertegenwoordigen.
In de meer afgelegen wijken is de verandering minder 15 merkbaar. De menschen daar zijn niet naar buiten geweest, misschien op zijn hoogst een dagje heen en terug naar Utrecht. Zij weten eigenlijk nooit recht wanneer het zomer is. De ijzeren hekjes en de lantaarnpalen, die hun wijk versieren, botten niet uit, worden niet groen en verdorren niet. Uit de 20 courant weten zij of de oogst goed of slecht zal zijn. Zij ruiken het gras alleen in den vorm van vervalschte boter en kennen den geur der denneboomen slechts bij hoorenzeggen.
Anna woont met haar schoonmoeder in één van die wijken te Amsterdam, in een klein, bedompt en, naar 't zeggen van 25 den dokter, erg vochtig en dus ongezond huisje. Zij kan nergens anders wonen, want ze heeft haar brood onder de menschen van den minderen stand, en hoewel ze vroeger in beter kringen verkeerde, ze is aan deze menschen gewend geraakt.
30 „Anna", zegt haar schoonmoeder op zekeren namiddag, terwijl ze haar breiwerk op den schoot legt en door haar bril met een eigenaardigen blik van zelfbehagen het vertrek



rondkijkt, „neef Jansen, van wien ik je meermalen verteld heb, komt nu gauw in de stad. Heb je nog altijd geen plan om 35 naar hem toe te gaan en zijn hulp in te roepen? Me dunkt we hebben nu lang genoeg in deze ellendige achterbuurt gezeten. Ik ben 't in mijn jeugd anders gewend geweest. Menschen als wij kunnen op den duur toch niet met schoonmaaksters en de familie van dienstboden omgaan." 40 „Och heusch, mama, de menschen zijn heel goed. Ze behandelen ons beleefd en begrijpen zelf, naar het schijnt, dat zij niet op gelijken voet met ons staan. Als u meer met hen in aanraking kwam, zou u dat ook zien. Toen ik bij de rijkelui werk zocht" ....
45 „Maar ik spreek niet van werk zoeken", zegt de oude vrouw wrevelig, „het spreekt van zelf, dat men iemand, die om werk komt, als een dienstbare behandelt; ik spreek van neef Jansen, die indertijd honderdmaal op mijn schoot heeft gezeten, en blij was, als ik hem een gulden in zijn porte50 monnaie stopte. Hij is nu een groote mijnheer en staat na den dood zijns vaders aan 't hoofd van de zaak, ofschoon mijn schoonzuster er nog een groot deel van haar geld in heeft. Ze hebben ons gelukkig niets te verwijten. Ze hebben bij het bankroet van je vader geen schade geleden. Anders 55 zou ik er natuurlijk niet aan denken iets van hen te vragen. Nu is 't billijk, dat ze ons uit den nood helpen."
1. If instead of summer we use autumn, what alterations will be necessary? There is not a separate word for najaar in English.
2. To give way to (wijken voor) is also correct.
3 Now and again.
4. What is the difference between storm and storm?
6. Are beginning to revive.
9. Signs in abundance. — Are being expected is more expressive than are expected.
12. Get to see.
13. What is the meaning of some thousand?
14. Difference between remote and distant, and between change and alteration.



18. Difference between adorn, ornament, and decorate.
20 Why is erop not correct?
22. Fir-trees. Difference between fir and fur.
23. Lives. — These is preferable to those, because the
quarters have just been described.
24 At Amsterdam is correct, if the writer does not live there.
25. Difference between healthy, wholesome, and salutary.
26. Living and livelihood may replace bread.
34. Do you still not intend is not half so good as are you still determined not to.
41. Difference between polite and civil.
46. What is: I have no patience with you?
49. When is not wrong, but slightly ambiguous, because it may answer to the Dutch word toen.
54. By does not answer to bij. The exact meaning of the Dutch text would be rendered by: when your father was (became) a bankrupt.
54. Else is correct.
1908.
De dokter was in zijn humeur, blijkbaar om een zaak, die
hemzelf, niet. zijn patiënten aanging.
„Wel dokter, hoe zoo vroolijk vandaag?"
En hij vertelde, handenwrijvend, het volgende: 5 Verbeeld je, wat mij overkomen is? Een Engelsche dame komt mij halen om mee te gaan naar een zieke in een hotel. Ik word in een mooi gemeubileerde kamer gelaten, waar een lange magere Amerikaan met een kamerjapon aan al op mij wacht.
10 ,,'t Is toch niet voor U?" vroeg ik.
„Neen, mijn dochter voelt zich niet lekker .... Maar U moet haar vlug beter maken, want wij zijn voor ons plezier in Europa."
„Mag ik haar eens zien?"
15 „Jawel", zei hij, en hij bracht mij bij zijn dochter, een



echte Amerikaansche, met mooie regelmatige trekken en prachtig haar.
Vóór ik nog een paar vragen had kunnen doen, vroeg de vader al bezorgd: ,,'t Heeft toch niet veel te betee2l) kenen, wel?"
Maar toen ik klaar was met mijn onderzoek, wist ik, dat het meisje hard ziek was.
„Malligheid, ze heeft kou gevat. We kunnen hier in dit gat niet blijven zitten!"
25 „Zij heeft waarschijnlijk typhus," zei ik kalm, „en wel in ernstigen graad."
„Maak haar maar gauw weer beter, geld komt er niet op aan."
,,'t Is heusch ernstig!" zeide ik met nadruk.
30 Ik deed wat ik als dokter doen moest, en waarschuwde den hotelhouder. Die wilde natuurlijk zulk een gevaarlijke zieke niet houden.
„Dan huur ik het heele hotel", zeide de Amerikaan doodleuk.
35 Maar zij brachten hem beleefd aan het verstand, dat het een beginselkwestie gold, en dat dit onmogelijk was. Nadat ik niet zonder moeite een ziekeninrichting gevonden had, welke de zieke wilde opnemen, liet ik haar vervoeren. De vader was woedend, omdat hij voor de eerste maal in zijn 40 leven voor geld zijn zin niet kon krijgen.
„Ik heb om mijn eigen dokter in New-York geseind," gromde hij naast mij Ioopende, „en ook om een professor uit Parijs. En uit Londen heb ik twee pleegzusters laten overkomen . . .
45 Dat was te bar! Ik zei hem, dat wij hier genoeg bekwame dokters en pleegzusters hadden, alsook hoogleeraren, die ik zou kunnen consulteeren, als hij dat wenschte.
, .. Later werd hij weer boos, omdat zijn dochter slechts één kamer kreeg, en nog wel een kleine. En hij werd gewoon 50 ziedend, toen hem beduid werd, dat hij er zelf niet kon logeeren.
Na een paar dagen kreeg hij berichten, die het noodig maakten, dat hij even voor zaken naar Amerika terugkeerde.



Zijn vrouw kwam uit Italië en nam zijn plaats in. Ik kreeg 55 opdracht eiken dag een uitvoerig bulletin te seinen, dat gemiddeld 50 dollar kostte.
De moeder was even eigenaardig als de vader; zij zat als een vreemde naar haar dochter te kijken, banger voor zich zelf dan voor haar kind, dat toch zoo erg ziek was. 60 Zij vond Amsterdam, ja heel Holland, ellendig. Zij liet alles uit het buitenland komen. Er kwamen dagelijks kisten met de kostbaarste bloemen uit het Zuiden. De zeldzaamste vruchten werden uit Engeland gezonden. De eieren liet zij door haar bedienden per eigen rijtuig van een boerderij buiten 65 Amsterdam halen. En natuurlijk hield ik als dokter vast aan mijn voorschriften: de bloemen mochten niet in de ziekenkamer, en het fruit mocht de zieke volstrekt niet gebruiken. Wat de eieren aangaat, die bleken niet eens versch te zijn en waren aan de ziekeninrichting veel beter te krijgen. 70 Toen eindelijk het gevaar geweken was verdween de Amerikaansche mama naar Wiesbaden, om voorloopig in de buurt te blijven.
Op een goeden dag stond papa plotseling weer voor me. Hij keek zijn dochter aan en zei toen:
75 „Mag ik U eens vragen? Is het nu niet lang genoeg geweest? Ik wou nu naar het Zuiden."
Hij had al een extra-trein besteld, die hem en zijn dochter rechtstreeks van Amsterdam naar Italië zou brengen. Daartegen kon ik natuurlijk geen bezwaar maken. 80 En zooeven kreeg ik een cheque voor .... Maar het bedrag noem ik niet, want mijn collega's mochten eens jaloersch worden op mijn Amerikaansche praktijk.
1. Difference between humour and temper. Meaning of He is in a temper. — Clearly is also correct.
3 Why is well wrong? —Why are you so cheerful (gay) is correct.
6. To come (go) with her to see.
9. Is awaiting me.
15. Certainly. — Why is to bring wrong?
16. Why not typically?



21. Why not was ready with?
22. Difference between seriously and severely.
24. A variant of stay is stop.
25. And well is not English.
27. Money is no object.
30." Why not ought, should, had to or must?
45. Enough is correct. — Difference between able and capable.
46. Difference between nurse and sister.
48. Later on. — Angry.
52. Difference between tidings, news, and intelligence. 
Which made it necessary for him to return.
57. She sat and looked.
58. More afraid for.
59. Who was so seriously ill, to be sure.
60. All Holland. Whole Holland seems to be un-English. 62. Difference between precious, valuable, costly, and
between a rare fruit and a scarce fruit.
66. My instructions would be ambiguous in connexion with line 55.
68. As for (to) the eggs; as regards the eggs. — Fresh is
also used.
82. Difference between jealous and envious.
1909.
Een gevangenis is zelden geriefelijk en de mijne maakte geen uitzondering op den algemeenen regel; het was een klein en vochtig vertrek, met naakte wanden. Het eenig ameublement was een tafel met slechts drie pooten en een stoel met 5 gebroken leuning, die blijken droeg van veeljarigen dienst. Zoodra ik alleen was, ging ik zitten en trachtte mijn gedachten te verzamelen, want de ontroering, de schrik en de doorgestane angst hadden mij zoo in de war gebracht, dat al hetgeen mij was overkomen mij een benauwden droom 10 toescheen en het geruimen tijd duurde, eer ik tot het recht



besef van mijn toestand geraakte. Toen stond de verschrikkelijke waarheid mij op eens voor oogen: ontzettende vermoedens rustten op mij. Men beschuldigde mij, dat ik mijn compagnon had trachten te vermoorden. In den aanvang had 15 ik de zaak licht geteld, en in het bewustzijn mijner onschuld had ik er geen oogenblik aan getwijfeld, of ik zou vrijgesproken worden; doch nu zag ik in, dat de schijn tegen mij was en dat het mij moeilijk zou vallen mijn rechters van mijn onschuld te overtuigen.
20 Ik dacht aan mijn ouders; aan mijn brave moeder, wier zwak gestel ongetwijfeld geschokt zou worden door de tijding, dat haar zoon van zulk een misdaad verdacht werd; aan mijn vader, die het leed met het stoicisme, dat hem kenmerkte, gelaten zou dragen, maar er later des te meer onder lijden zou. 25 Toen kwam de kwellende gedachte, dat ik zelf niet in de gelegenheid was hen van mijn onschuld te overtuigen; dat zij door een ander, die de zaak wellicht zou overdrijven of in een ongunstig daglicht plaatsen, van het gebeurde onderricht zouden worden; dat zij wellicht den zoon zouden ver30 vloeken, die hun in hun ouderdom deze schande had aangedaan.
Dat was verschrikkelijk; het deed mij het bloed in de aderen stollen.
Ik wilde schrijven, doch daartoe ontbraken mij de middelen, 35 en niemand kwam op mijn geroep. Er zat dus niets anders op dan te wachten, want ik voelde, dat ik geheel aan de genade van mijn zwager was overgeleverd, en ik had reeds lang opgemerkt, dat hij mij verre van genegen was.
Eindelijk, nadat ik uren in pijnlijke onzekerheid had door40 gebracht, ging de deur van mijn cel open en bracht men mij een matras met een wollen deken, benevens een behoorlijke tafel en een stoel.
Ik zal hier niet verder uitweiden over mijn gemoedstoestand gedurende de treurige nachten en vervelende dagen, welke ik 45 in mijn gevangenis sleet. De eenige afleiding, die ik had, bestond in de bezoeken van mijn vriend, die mij op de hoogte hield van den toestand van mijn compagnon. De wond bleek minder gevaarlijk dan men aanvankelijk gedacht had, maar



aanhoudende koortsen hadden hem zeer verzwakt. Men 50 hoopte evenwel, dat zijn jeugd en sterk gestel hem er weder bovenop zouden brengen. Ten opzichte van de gepleegde misdaad bleef hij er echter bij, dat ik de schuldige was.
Zes dagen na mijn gevangenneming zat ik 's middags mistroostig aan mijn tafel, en dacht aan de mijnen, toen ik plot55 seling de grendels van mijn kerkerdeur hoorde wegschuiven. Ik rees eenigszins verwonderd op, want dit was het uur niet, waarop ik bezoek kon verwachten. De deur ging open, iemand trad haastig binnen, en ik deed van verbazing een stap achteruit, toen ik den binnentredende herkende.
1. Another word for prison, in two spellings, and for seldom. — Why not convenient?
3. Would naked be wrong? — What is a partition?
4. What is a rickety chair and why is it called so?
6. What is the equivalent for niet zoodra . ... of.
8. Why is the suffered anxiety wrong?
10. Why not to last?
11. What would condition mean here?
13. I was accused of is also right.
14. Why not first?
18. From an English point of view my judges ought to be replaced by a jury.
30. Old may be omitted.
32 The blood curdle in my veins is also correct.
34. Why not I would? — What is I lacked the means?
35 For it may take the place of for me.
40 Was in was opened may be omitted.
41. Woollen may be left out, because blankets in England are mostly made of wool. What is He is a wet blanket?
43. Synonym of enlarge.
49. Would continuous be right?
50. Pull him through; restore him.
52. Insisted. — Culprit.
59. Entering person is wrong.



1910.
„Als je tweede klas reist, moog je hier niet komen", zei de hofmeester, terwijl hij den knaap zijn plaatsbewijs overhandigde. „Dien kant uit!" en hij gaf hem een duwtje, om hem zijn bedoeling recht duidelijk te maken.
5 Philip had een gevoel alsof hij weggejaagd werd, en ondanks zichzelven bloosde hij van schaamte, en zag hij rond of ook iemand van die vernedering getuige was geweest.
Niemand had het gezien behalve een magere man met een bleek gelaat, die onbewegelijk naar de passagiers stond te 10 kijken, die op het dek heen en weerliepen. „Ik wist niet, dat ik daar niet wezen mocht", zei Philip, om tegenover den eenigen getuige zijn gedrag te verontschuldigen. De magere man haalde met een flauwen glimlach de schouders op, hetgeen evengoed beteekenen kon, dat dit hem volmaakt onver15 schillig was, als dat de hofmeester een dwaas was om op zulke dingen te letten. „Er reizen er zooveel eerste klas, die er niet hooren", mompelde hij half luid.
„Hoe laat zouden we wel aankomen?" vroeg Philip, om het gesprek voort te zetten; maar hetzij de ander geen lust 20 had om een praatje te maken, hetzij hij werkelijk de vraag niet verstaan had, of ze te onbeduidend vond, hij gaf geen antwoord en keerde zich om, nu zijn vorschend oog richtend op een groepje passagiers, die het zich op 't dek gemakkelijk maakten.
25 Opnieuw maakte zich een gevoel van schaamte van Philip meester. Hij besefte, dat hij weer een dwaas figuur had gemaakt en blijk van onervarenheid gegeven had, door een vreemde voor de tweede maal aan te spreken, terwijl hij op zijn eerste woorden ternauwernood antwoord had gekregen. 30 Hij wandelde verder, maar vond niemand tot wien hij zich aangetrokken voelde. Allen waren uit een anderen stand, en hadden het te druk om zich te bemoeien met den zeventienjarigen knaap, die behoefte had om, nu hij zich voor de eerste maal in een vreemde wereld bewoog, zijn indrukken mee te 35 deelen en inlichtingen te vragen. Hij keerde dus terug tot den man, dien hij het eerst had aangesproken, en die nu in dezelfde



houding stond te kijken naar den kok, die bezig was met de toebereidselen voor het twaalfuurtje van een of anderen passagier. 40 Philip ging naast den mageren man staan, en keek evenals deze naar het zetten van de koffie en het smeren van de broodjes. Maar toen dat hem begon te vervelen, en hij juist een opmerking wilde maken, kuierde de vreemde weg en vatte post bij de machine.
45 Philip begreep, dat er niets anders op zat dan zich te schikken in zijn toestand, ging op een bank zitten en begon na te denken over het doel van zijn reis, maar in een andere gemoedsstemming dan waarin hij tot dusver had verkeerd. Nu reeds verlangde hij terug naar het stille dorpje, waar al 50 zijn makkers tegen hem opzagen, terwijl men hem hier niet eens het aankijken, veel minder nog het aanspreken of zelfs het antwoorden waardig keurde.
Langzamerhand werd het brandend heet aan dek, en Philip benijdde de eersteklas-passagiers, die in de schaduw 55 konden zitten.
1. When is mogen rendered by must?
6. Why not flushed?
7. Had been a witness to.
9. From a point of view of style, it is better to put in there: who stood there motionless looking.
12. Difference between behaviour and conduct. — Excuse would not be wrong.
16. Letten op may mean opmerken (to notice) or zich storen aan (to mind), — Saloon.
18. At what time shall we arrivé, I wonder?
30. Walked on.
42. This began to bore him.
44. Difference between engine and machine.
45. Reconcile himself to his position.
47. Difference between object, aim, and purpose. — It is better not to take reis in iets narrow sense of zeereis here.
54. Why shade, and not shadow?



1911.
Heden herdenken wij den geboortedag van een ongewoon sterken grijsaard, die ondanks zijn hoogen leeftijd nog altoos een onvermoeid ruiter, jager en bergklimmer is, en die door zijn eenvoudige levenswijze zijn gezondheid en opgewektheid 5 heeft bewaard. Of hij een groot man is, zullen wij niet pogen uit te maken, maar een goed man is hij zeker.
Zijn vader, koning Lodewijk I van Beieren, geheel het tegenovergestelde van zijn voorganger, den zorgeloozen, verkwistenden Maximiliaan, schafte alle overbodige weelde 10 af, ontsloeg de meesten van zijn kamerdienaars, en gaf een voorbeeld van eenvoud en zuinigheid, zelfs in zijn kleederen, die hij droeg tot zij volkomen versleten waren. Hij kon er zoo slordig uitzien, dat eens iemand, die hem op het plein voor het paleis ontmoette, hem vroeg, of hij ook tot het gevolg van 15 den koning behoorde, waarop hij geestig antwoordde: „Ja, ik scheer den koning". Wat volkomen waar was, daar hij gewoon was zich zelf te scheren.
Maar Lodewijk I was ook een werker, zooals er zelden een onder de gekroonde hoofden gevonden wordt. Werken 20 was hem een genot. Hij werkte harder dan één zijner ambtenaren, en door zijn voorbeeld wekte hij ook bij zijn volk den lust, den tijd nuttig te besteden. En in zijn zorg zelfs voor de kleinste dingen overtrof hij menigmaal Napoleon.
Van dezen Lodewijk I was Luitpold, die heden als Prins25 Regent van Beieren zijn 90sten verjaardag viert, de derde zoon. Dat hij ooit geroepen zou worden om te regeeren, was niet te verwachten. Toen hij geboren werd, leefde zijn grootvader nog, en een talrijk kroost bracht vreugde en geluk in het huis van den kroonprins. Zoo was voor Luitpold de rol 30 van jongeren zoon weggelegd; onder toezicht van zijn vader kreeg hij een goede opvoeding, studeerde oude en nieuwe talen, wiskunde en philosophie, muziek en teekenen; ook zijn militaire opleiding werd niet verwaarloosd.
Kon hij niet de eerste zijn in Beieren, dan wilde hij toch de 35 eerste wezen in zijn regiment; daarom legde hij zich met groote toewijding op den militairen dienst toe. Ondanks zijn



kapiteinsrang, die hem op zeventienjarigen leeftijd was geschonken, diende hij als gewoon soldaat, en stond zelfs op schildwacht voor het huis van den garnizoenscommandant. 40 Kalm en stil, geen lof begeerend, volgde Luitpold het voorbeeld van zijn vader: iederen morgen vóór dag en dauw was hij uit de veeren, en door zijn gezonde, geregelde levenswijze, door zijn liefde voor beweging in de open lucht en voor allerlei sport, verkreeg hij de gezondheid, die hem thans nog met wel45 gevallen op het achter hem liggende leven kan doen terugzien. Toen in 1849 de revolutie uitbrak, legde Lodewijk de regeering neder ten behoeve van den oudsten zoon MaximiIiaan. Voor hem was Luitpold meer dan een broeder: hij was hem een vriend en raadgever. Wat er goeds gebeurd is in 50 Beieren onder zijn regeering, is grootendeels te danken aan den invloed van Luitpold. Oogenschijnlijk vervulde deze slechts zijn militaire plichten, doch in waarheid was hij de goede genius van zijn broeder, die toen reeds de sporen toonde van een geestelijke kwaal, die later ongeneeslijk bleek.
1. Difference between birthday and anniversary. — Uncommonly is not wrong.
2. Why not greybeard? — Great age is the correct expression, not high age.
3 Also unwearied, unwearying, untired, untiring. — Difference between sportsman and hunter (huntsman). 7. The spelling Louis is also correct.
9. Abolished.
12. Completely (totally, entirely) worn out is correct, but should be avoided here owing to the preceding wore. — Why not might?
13. Slovenly. — One day.
16. I shave the king.
18. Why not labourer?
19. Why not to work.
20. Any is better than one, which usually has the meaning of a certain one.
22. To employ their time usefully.
27 Was still alive.



37. Conferred.
38 Stood sentry.
49. He was a friend and a counsellor to him.
50. Due to.
51. Seemingly; apparently. — Fulfilled.
54. Difference between mental and spiritual, and between disease, illness, complaint, and distemper.
1912.
De gravin liet zich achterover vallen in den fraai besneden eikenhouten stoel, en scheen spoedig in diep gepeins verzonken. Zij kon ongeveer veertig jaar oud zijn, maar het vroegtijdig grijze haar en enkele diepe lijnen in het voorhoofd 5 spraken van jaren, die dubbel telden; van dagen van zorg en smart, wier bitterheid, ja, vergeten was, maar wier onuitwischbare herinnering duidelijk op dat gelaat te lezen stond.
Ook thans weer vlogen haar gedachten terug naar den tijd, toen de graaf het noodlottig besluit nam, zijn landgoed in 10 Duitschland te verlaten en zich te scharen onder de vaan der Nederlandsche oproerlingen, diep vervuld als hij was met verontwaardiging over den loop, dien de gebeurtenissen hadden genomen. Zij had hem bezworen zijn plan op te geven, hem gesmeekt te blijven, al was het enkel ter wille van zijn 15 kinderen, die zijn zorg nog zoo zeer behoefden; of, zóó hij gaan moest, ten minste de goede zaak van den Spaanschen Koning te omhelzen. Vergeefs! geen tranen zijner vrouw, geen glimlach zijner kinderen had hem er toe kunnen brengen, zijn plan op te geven. —
20 Men had zich bezwaarlijk een gelukkiger huwelijk kunnen denken dan het hunne: nooit vóór dien dag was er een enkel wolkje geweest aan den hemel van hun geluk. Thans vielen er harde woorden, die George door de ziel sneden; woorden, die hem zijn laatste oogenblikken nog bitter zouden maken.
Eijkman, The A and B Certificates, II. 2



25 Maar hij meende, dat zijn plicht hem gebood te gaan. Hij ging en zag zijn vrouw en kinderen nooit weer. Weinige maanden later viel hij door de hand van een moordenaar.
Was het wonder, dat de gravin vol smart terugdacht aan die dagen? Ze had haar edelen gemaal volkomen vergeven, 30 lang vóór hij viel. Maar ze had zoo gaarne vóór het te laat was, een verzoenend woord gesproken, en . . . gehoord. Het zou haar in haar verdere leven zooveel bitterheid bespaard hebben. Zij had dan wellicht niet de wraak tot levensdoel gesteld; wraak op de moordenaars van haar gemaal. 35 Want het was voor dit doel, dat zij zich naar Holland had begeven, niet lang nadat zij de droevige tijding had ontvangen.
En peinzend over het verleden, zag ze haar zoon aan, die met de armen over de borst gekruist en met gebogen hoofd 40 de kamer op en neer liep. Eensklaps bleef hij voor de gravin staan en sprak:
„Wanneer zal ik dan eindelijk de wapens mogen dragen? Als vader geleefd had . .
Hij voltooide den zin niet, maar wendde zich om en liep, 45 nog gejaagder dan te voren, het ruime vertrek op en neer. Hoewel de gravin huiverde bij de gedachte, haar eenigsten zoon over te geven aan de gevaren van dien veelbewogen tijd, kon zij toch haar bewondering voor den rijzigen knaap niet verbergen, die haar in zoovele opzichten aan zijn vader 50 herinnerde.
Zij besefte, dat hij een man was, dat zij niet langer zijn begeerte kon dwarsboomen, zich als soldaat een eervollen naam te verwerven.
1. If the Countess was standing, it should be, into the chair.
2. Sunk in deep thought. The use of this verb is confined to the past participle: to be sunk in thought.
3. The use of might be in this sense (perhaps was) is now rare. The now current form may have been is more logical, as the subjective possibility is a matter of the speaker's present.



5. Spoke of is also used in this sense. Toid of and betokened are correct.
6. A synonym of indeed is it is true. — Ineffaceable. Why is c followed by e?
8. This time again.
14. Implored (supplicated) him to remain. — If only.
15. Wanted.
16. Difference between cause and affair.
24. Nog zouden means here voorbestemd waren, which is expressed by were to.
27. Difference between murderer and assassin.
28. To think back to is only occasionally used.
29. Difference between husband and spouse.
32. Difference between to spare and to save.
33. Difference between revenge and vengeance, to revenge and to avenge.
35. Had proceeded.
39. With may be omitted, but then with bowed head must be changed into his head bowed.
46. Difference between to shudder and to shiver.
47. Difference between peril and danger.
1913.
Eindelijk zou de zoozeer gewenschte vrede gesloten worden. Sedert eenige weken bevonden zich de twee Oostenrijksche gezanten te Udine, vergezeld door den markies de Gallo. die door het Weener hof als raadsman van de beide 5 heeren was aangewezen, hoewel hij zelf geen onderdaan des Keizers, maar gezant van Napels aan het Keizerlijk hof te Weenen was.
Generaal Bonaparte bevond zich te Passeriano; tegenover de drie gevolmachtigden van Oostenrijk was hij alleen afgelOvaardigd, en door het Fransche gemeenebest gemachtigd



vrede te sluiten of den oorlog te hervatten, naar gelang hij dat raadzaam zou oordeelen.
De oogen van Frankrijk, ja van geheel Europa, waren dus op dit kleine punt aan de grenzen van Duitschland en Italië 15 gericht; want daar — verwachtte men — zou de naaste toekomst van Europa beslist worden en de teerling geworpen worden, die aan de wereld vrede of oorlog brengen zou.
Oostenrijk wenschte vrede; het moest dien wenschen, daar het zich niet sterk genoeg voelde om den oorlog te blijven 20 voeren en de nadeelige gevolgen van verdere nederlagen vreesde. Maar het wilde den vrede niet tot eiken prijs, het wilde voordeel uit den vrede trekken; het wilde zich vergrooten ten koste van Italië, van Pruisen, als 't zijn moest van Duitschland.
25 En wat wilde Frankrijk? Of liever, wat wilde generaal BonaparteV Dat was niemand dan hemzelven bekend! Het was niemand mogelijk op zijn gelaat zijn gedachten te lezen, uit zijn dubbelzinnige woorden zijn toekomstige handelingen op te maken, 't Was niemand gegeven te zeggen wat Bona30parte voor had, welk doel zijn eerzucht beoogde. Sedert maanden waren de vredesonderhandelingen met Oostenrijk aan den gang, sinds weken hadden Oostenrijksche gevolmachtigden dagelijks met generaal Bonaparte langdurige besprekingen, die beurtelings te Passeriano en te Udine ge35 houden werden: Oostenrijk eischte veel en Frankrijk wilde te weinig toestaan. Dikwerf was het tot heftige woordenwisselingen gekomen en had men Bonaparte's oogen toornig zien fonkelen en zijn stem zich donderend hooren verheffen. Doch de Oostenrijksche afgezanten waren daardoor niet van 40 hun stuk gebracht; tegen hun onverstoorbaren glimlach was de bliksem van des veldheers oogen machteloos geweest.
Heden den dertienden October zou weder een samenspreking bij graaf von Cobenzl gehouden worden, en het was wellicht om die reden, dat generaal Bonaparte buitengewoon 45 vroeg zijn legerstede verlaten had. Zijn toilet was juist geeindigd: de vier kamerdienaars, die hem daarbij behulpzaam waren geweest, hadden hun taak volbracht. Als altijd had Bonaparte zich werktuigelijk als een kind door hen laten



kleeden. Nu gaf hij den kamerdienaars een wenk om te ver50trekken, en riep met luider stem: „Bourrienne."
Dadelijk werd de deur geopend en een rijzig jonkman, naar de mode van dien tijd gekleed, trad binnen. Bonaparte wees met de rechterhand naar zijn schrijftafel, terwijl hij zijn jongen secretaris met een hoofdknik begroette.
1. Difference between at last and finally.
2. Had found themselves is quite wrong.
3. Why not attended?
11. As; accordingly as.
12 Judge.
13. Nay is also correct; it is more literary than indeed. — The whole of Europe.
14. Difference between confines, boundaries, and borders.
18. Wished for; wanted. — She would not be wrong.
20. Difference between consequence and result. — Why not farther?
21. At any cost; at all costs.
23. At the cost of.
27. Difference between countenance, face, and visage.
45. Completed.
47. As usually does not exist. As usual is an elliptical form of as was usual.
49. Difference between he motioned them and he gave them a hint?
50. With a loud voice.
53. Writing-desk; desk. — Greeting.
1914.
't Gebeurde op onze kostschool. Johan en Willem waren weezen. Dientengevolge deed zich elk jaar, en dus ook nu, voor hen beiden de vraag voor, waar zij de Kerstvacantie zouden doorbrengen, bij familie of op school. Voor Johan 5 loste zich die kwestie doorgaans vrij gunstig op. Als zijn



voogd, een met zijn overleden vader bevriende kolonel, zijn pupil om de een of andere reden niet te logeeren kon hebben, dan was er gewoonlijk een neef of nicht, die zich, al was 't ook met eenig vertoon van zelfopoffering, over hem ontfermde, 10 en zich bereid verklaarde hem een dag of veertien gastvrijheid te verleenen. Willem daarentegen had niemand in de wereld dan één broer, die hem graag mocht lijden en hem dikwijls te logeeren vroeg, maar, om welke reden dan ook, niet precies kon doen wat hij wou. — Kort vóór de door mij 15 bedoelde Kerstvacantie bracht de post 's avonds Iaat een aangeteekenden brief voor Willem, die wel is waar een bankbiljet bevatte, maar hem tevens het sombere vooruitzicht bracht, dat hij het Kerstfeest gedeeltelijk in het schoollokaal zou moeten vieren.
20 Johan kon niet best met Willem overweg. Hij verdacht hem, misschien niet zonder grond, van onoprechtheid en wantrouwde hem; maar zijn houding veranderde als een blad aan een boom, toen hij Willem op zekeren dag in 't laatst van December mistroostig op de schoolbank vond zitten, met een 25 geopenden brief in zijn hand. Zonder een woord te verspillen nam hij den brief, die hem werd toegereikt, las hem bedaard en zei toen kortaf: „Je zult ten minste niet alleen hier blijven; want nu ga ik ook nergens heen."
„Maar ik wil niet hebben dat jij je voor mij opoffert." 30 „Dat komt in 't geheel niet bij me op. Bovendien hangt het voor een groot deel van onszelf af, hoeveel plezier we hier kunnen hebben; misschien meer dan érgens anders. Ik heb genoeg plannen in mijn hoofd, waarmee we ons den tijd kostelijk kunnen verdrijven."
35 Ze bespraken daarop de plannen stuk voor stuk, en Johan wees er telkens op, hoe verrukkelijk het zou zijn, ze uit te voeren. Dat hieraan eigenaardige moeilijkheden verbonden waren, en dat het hoofd der school, indien hij iets had kunnen gissen, er minder mee ingenomen geweest zou zijn, behoeft 40 geen betoog. Maar wat deed dit er toe? Vóór een kwartier verstreken was, was Willem met alles evenzeer ingenomen als zijn schoolkameraad. En toen de dag aanbrak, waarop onze koffers werden gehaald en wij onder gejuich onze overjassen



hadden aangetrokken, en naar den trein gingen, gelukkig in 45 't vooruitzicht dagen lang niets anders te doen te hebben dan schaatsen te rijden en op partijtjes te gaan, stonden ze arm in arm op de stoep en wuifden zoo vroolijk met hun zakdoeken en zonden ons zoo'n hartelijk „veel plezier" achterna, dat we het tweetal bijna benijdden.
1. Occurred; took place.
4. Relatives.
6 Who had been friends with. — A friend of his father — friendly towards his father.
7. Have his ward to stay with him.
8. A lady or gentleman cousin would be avoided by an Englishman, especially because it would have to be followed by her or his willingness, or in colloquial style their willingness.
14. What he liked.
15. Late in the evening.
18 To keep Christmas.
21. Without cause is also right. — Difference between to mistrust and to distrust.
31. Difference between to enjoy oneself and to amuse oneself.
32. Why not somewhere else?
33 For us to while away the time most pleasantly is also correct, but not so concise. With which we can etc. is not so good, because we do not while away our time with plans.
36. Every now and again; again and again.
37. Difference between peculiar and particular.
38. Headmaster.
39. Not less pleased. Constructions such as Dat bevalt mij maar weinig and Dat bevalt mij minder (maar weinig and minder = not much) should be avoided in English. — Goes without saying.
40. But what about that? — Before the lapse of an hour.
42. On which may be replaced by that.



1915.
Toen Marie's vader na een langdurige ziekte overleden was, bleek het, dat er bijna geen middelen waren en dat zij zou moeten trachten in haar eigen onderhoud te voorzien. Niemand had zoo iets vermoed. Te oordeelen naar zijn levens5 wijze, die geheel in overeenstemming was met de gewichtige betrekking, die hij bekleedde, was hij welgesteld, en toen het tegendeel het geval bleek te zijn, was de teleurstelling des te grooter.
Zoo kwam het, dat men haar op zekeren morgen het bureau 10 van een dagblad zag binnengaan om te vragen, of er ook brieven waren gekomen in antwoord op haar advertentie. Zij gaf den klerk te kennen wat zij wenschte en een oogenblik later hield zij drie brieven in de hand. Vol vreugde over dezen onverwachten uitslag, opende zij de brieven en zag, dat er 15 een bij was van een kennis, een rijke dame, die een gezelschapsjuffrouw verlangde. Zij besloot daarheen te gaan, al was het vooruitzicht zich daar voor een betrekking te moeten aanmelden, lang niet aangenaam.
Den volgenden dag, op het aangegeven uur, stond zij voor 20 het statige huis en drukte op den knop van de electrische schel. De deur werd geopend door den knecht, die haar, ofschoon zij er in geen maanden geweest was, herkende en haar behandelde met dezelfde beleefdheid als vroeger, wat haar in haar treurige omstandigheden goed deed. 25 Zeker, Mevrouw was thuis. Wilde zij even in de bibliotheek wachten? dan zou hij gaan vragen, of Mevrouw haar kon ontvangen.
Enkele minuten daarna kondigde het geruisch van vrouwenkleren de nadering van de vrouw des huizes aan. Onbekend 30 met het doel van Marie's komst, ontving zij haar bijzonder hartelijk.
„Daar doe je goed aan. Ik dacht werkelijk, datje ons hadt vergeten," zeide ze. „Blijf je koffiedrinken? Niet? Dat spijt me." 35 Zij liet den knecht twee leuningstoelen bij den haard schuiven, nam zelf in een daarvan plaats, en zeide tot Marie: „Kom nu eens bij me zitten, en vertel me hoe het je gaat".



Eenigszins verbijsterd door al deze vriendelijkheid, wist Marie in het eerst niet, wat zij zeggen zou. Het was duide40 lijk, dat Mevrouw volstrekt niet vermoedde, waaraan zij Marie's bezoek te danken had. Moest zij haar dadelijk zeggen, waarom zij gekomen was? Zelfs al had zij dat gewild, dan had zij het niet kunnen doen. Mevrouw had zooveel nieuws, dat Marie geen gelegenheid had iets te zeggen. Onder anderen 45 vertelde zij haar, dat zij haar gezelschapsjuffrouw had ontslagen en een andere zocht. Om elf uur verwachtte zij iemand, die de opengevallen plaats wilde innemen.
„Neem me niet kwalijk", zeide zij; „ik moet den knecht even gaan zeggen, in welke kamer hij haar laten moet". 50 „Dat is niet noodig", zeide Marie; „ik ben de sollicitante". Toen Mevrouw van haar verbazing was bekomen, begreep zij, dat zij onmogelijk aan Marie's wensch kon voldoen. Zij meende, dat zij haar niet het werk van een ondergeschikte zou kunnen opdragen.
1. Protracted illness.
2. It proved; it became evident. — Almost no means is
much less common. Nearly no is even less used.
3. Difference between to earn, to gain, and to deserve. — Living. What special use of living do you know?
4. Judging from (by).
6. Filled; occupied. — WeH off.
8. So much the greater.
9. Thus it came about. — People saw her enter. She was seen entering.
11. She signified to the clerk is correct, but bookish.
16. Go there is of course not quite correct.
17. Difference between situation, post, and position.
19. Stood.
22. Though she had not called for several months.
23. Difference between civility and politeness. — As fortnerly.
24. It did her good = it improved her condition; it was beneficial to her.
31. Heartily.



44. Why is occasion wrong? — What is the meaning of amongst others?
47. To fill the vacancy.
51. Difference between astonishment, surprise, and amazement.
52. Gratify; satisfy.
53. What would meant mean?
1916.
Niet ver van het smalle pad, dat dwars over de heide naar het dorp H. voerde, woonde indertijd een oude vrouw, die daar in de streek bij ieder bekend stond als „de heks". Ze bewoonde een steenen huisje met een stroodak. Het was wel 5 wat vervallen, maar toch veel geriefelijker dan de huisjes van de boerenarbeiders, waarvan er een twintig op de heide verspreid lagen.
Jarenlang had het huis leeggestaan; geen arbeider had er zelfs ook maar aan gedacht het te huren. De vroegere 10 bewoner was een zonderling man geweest en er werden eigenaardige dingen van hem verteld. Een boer, die door een reet in de luiken had gegluurd, had hem in het holst van den nacht in een dik boek zien lezer., en wat nog gekker was, hij liep net als een kind op de heide vlinders na en plukte 15 bloempjes; ook nam hij allerlei vergiftige beesten, tot slangen toe, in zijn ruimen jaszak mee naar huis. Dat was genoeg voor de bijgeloovige boeren om hem uit den weg te gaan en achter zijn rug allerlei kwaads van hem te fluisteren.
Eens, toen er in een strengen winter dagenlang geen rook 20 uit den schoorsteen opsteeg en de luiken gesloten bleven, ging zijn buurman de politie halen. Men vond den ouden man dood op zijn bed liggen. Na de begrafenis werd het huis gesloten en alles, wat er zich in bevond, werd gelaten zooals het was. De kinderen bleven op een afstand van het spook25 huis, de ouderen wierpen er in het voorbijgaan een steelschen



blik op, maar praten deden ze er liefst niet over; totdat op een mooien morgen tot groote verbazing van allen de luiken openstonden. Denzelfden morgen zagen de boeren haar voor het eerst, mager en gebogen van ouderdom, gezicht verweerd 30 en gerimpeld. Of het aan haar uiterlijk lag of wel aan het feit, dat ze zoo plotseling te voorschijn kwam, weet ik niet, maar ze heette van stonden aan „de heks".
Ik herinner me zeer goed, hoe ik schrok, toen ik haar voor het eerst voor me zag staan, een kleine twintig jaar geleden. 35 Destijds liep ik om de twee of drie weken 's morgens vroeg over de heide naar H. om tegen den avond terug te keeren. Als ik 's zomers tijd over had, ging ik geregeld mijn boterham zitten eten aan den rand van een meertje op de heide, waar ik mooie bloemen wist te groeien. Eens zat ik daar tegen de 40 schemering en verbeeldde mij, dat ik heel alleen op de hei was. Ik was verdiept in een boek en trachtte den naam van een bloempje te vinden. Waarschijnlijk had ik hardop gedacht; want eensklaps hoorde ik vlak bij mij een schelle stem zeggen: „Neen, vriend, je bent glad mis. Zal ik je eens 45 helpen?"
1. Moor.
4. Inhabited; dwelt in. — Difference between brick and stone. — Straw-thatched.
5. Difference between comfortable and convenient.
8. Unoccupied; empty.
9. Difference between to hire and to rent.
10. Occupant.
11 Difference between peasant, farmer, and husbandman.
12 Difference between shutters and blinds. What are venetians, or Venetian blinds, and jalousies? — In the dead of night.
13. What was odder stilt. — He ran.
14. Difference between butterflies and moths. — Pluck.
15. Pretty flowers; little flowers. — Difference between poisonous and venomous. — When is animal used in colloquial English? Difference between animal and beast. — Difference between snake and serpent.



16. Capacious; ample.
21. Went to fetch.
22. Difference between burial and funeral.
23. Closed. All that was in it. Difference between all and everything.
25. Threw. Cast is not used in daily parlance. — Difference between a stealthy and a stolen look.
29. Lean.
38 Edge; margin.
40 Difference between twilight, dusk, and gloaming.
41. Engrossed.
42. When must likely be preceded by very or most? 44 Quite wrong.
1917.
Toen de oude heer Jansen zijn fabriek en zijn landgoed verkocht had, en dus alle banden had verbroken, die hem aan het dorp hechtten, ging hij naar Amsterdam en huurde daar prachtig gemeubelde kamers in het drukste deel van 5 de stad. Het is een kwaad ding als oude menschen plotseling van levenswijze veranderen. Het is of zij, hun einde voelende naderen, een anderen kant van het 'leven willen bekijken dan zij tot nog toe hebben gezien, en zij berouw hebben over de wijze waarop zij de achter hen liggende 10 jaren hebben doorgebracht. Zij willen hun schade inhalen. Zoo was het ook met den heer Jansen. Vroeger dacht hij niet om ontspanning en verlangde nooit naar eenige afwisseling in zijn werkzaam leven; nu leefde hij alleen voor zijn genoegen en bemoeide zich niet meer met zaken. Hij, die placht op te 5 staan op denzelfden tijd als zijn fabrieksarbeiders en reeds te bed lag terwijl de meesten van hen nog in de herberg zaten sliep nu tot tien uur, en bezocht koffiehuizen en schouwurgen, hij speelde zijn partijtje domino in zijn societeit, en had al eenige malen uitnoodigingen aangenomen van socie20 teitsvnenden, aan wier families hij dan als millionnair werd



vertoond. Een tachtigjarig millionnair zonder vrouw of kinderen, en, voor zoover men wist, zonder andere verwanten! Sommigen van hen, met wie hij in aanraking kwam, vroegen zich wel eens af of er geen kans zou zijn om iets van hem te 25 halen. Op welke wijze was niet recht duidelijk; maar toch, het denkbeeld was zoo natuurlijk, even natuurlijk als de vraag: Wat heeft die oude Jansen aan zijn geld? Men schijnt zich moeilijk te kunnen voorstellen, dat een man van tachtig jaar evenmin gaarne er van scheiden wil als een jongmensch van 30 twintig. En Jansen had volstrekt geen lust en ook geen plan om er van te scheiden. Nu nog minder dan toen hij nog steenen maakte en verkocht. De gedachte, dat het toch eenmaal gebeuren moest, bande hij zorgvuldig uit zijn geest, en een toespeling er op was het eenige, wat hij dikwijls 35 kwalijk nam. Men kon hem nooit meer genoegen doen dan door te spreken over dingen, die over tien of twintig jaar moesten plaats hebben, en die zóó voor te stellen alsof hij
daarvan getuige wezen zou.
Nu echter, op dezen Kerstdag, was er iets dat hem drukte. 40 Een gevoel van onvoldaanheid verving de behaaglijkheid, waarmee hij gewoonlijk zijn veranderde omstandigheden bezag. Hij was laat opgestaan en zat bij zijn gloeiende kachel, starende naar de sneeuwvlokken, die langzaam neerdaalden. Hij vroeg zich af, wat wel de oorzaak kon zijn van zijn neer45 slachtigheid, en dacht er lang over na, zonder dat het hem gelukte er een aannemelijke verklaring voor te vinden.
1. Manufactory. — Estate.
5. City.
9 O! may be omitted.
13. Active.
14. Why not would get up? — Rise.
15. Labourers; operatives; mill-hands.
17. Frequented.
19. A few times, not some times.
20. Families.
21. Without a family.
23. Came in contact. — Ask themselves.



27. Of what use; what good; of what good.
28. The literal translation is not possible, because the adverb difficultly is avoided. — Imagine.
29. Difference between to part with and to part from.
30. Plan is wrong. Why?
32. Manufactured.
33. Once is wrong. It would be opposed to twice here. — Difference between mind and spirit.
35. Took ill; took amiss.
37. Were to. Difference.
39. Difference between depress, repress, and oppress.
40. Took the place of.
41. Changed.
1918.
GROOTMOEDERS VAZEN.
Johans moeder was vroeg weduwe geworden. Haar man was portier op het stadhuis geweest. Met zijn inkomen hadden ze net kunnen rondkomen, en bij zijn dood was zij zonder middelen van bestaan achtergebleven. Maar zij was toen 5 jong en vol moed, en het was haar altijd gelukt genoeg te verdienen voor zichzelf en haar eenig kind. Thans, nu haar jongen volwassen was, was dit niet meer noodig; hij kon nu voor zijn moeder zorgen, en daar was zij trotsch op.
Zij had een kruidenierswinkeltje op den hoek van een paar 10 nauwe straatjes in een arme en volkrijke buurt. Haar huisje zag er bouwvallig uit. Zoodra men den drempel had overschreden, werd men echter getroffen door de orde en zindelijkheid, die daarbinnen heerschten. De weegschalen en andere geelkoperen voorwerpen in den winkel, de meubels in 15 het woonvertrek daarachter — alles glom en nergens was een stofje te zien, zoodat men bijna vergat, hoe nederig, om niet te zeggen armoedig, de woning er in werkelijkheid uitzag.



De groote spiegel evenwel, in de vergulde lijst met de druiventrossen op het glas geschilderd, dat dof en vol vlekken was, 20 scheen van vroegere welvaart te getuigen. Maar wat nog meer de aandacht van den bezoeker trok, waren twee blauwe porseleinen vazen met veelkleurige vlinders er op, die op den schoorsteenmantel stonden. Ze waren in het geheel niet beschadigd, en blijkbaar oud; naar men het vrouwtje meer dan 25 eens had verzekerd, waren ze veel geld waard. Dat waren grootmoeders vazen. Toen Johan nog klein was, gebruikte moeder ze soms om hem zoet te houden; als hij in zijn stoeltje zat, zette zij ze vóór hem op tafel, maar natuurlijk zoo ver van hem vandaan, dat ze buiten zijn bereik waren. Toch bleek dit 30 wel eens gevaarlijk; het is verwonderlijk, hoe zoo'n kleine deugniet het soms klaarspeelt iets in handen te krijgen, dat zijn begeerte heeft gaande gemaakt.
Toen Johan grooter was geworden, vertelde zij hem dikwijls van grootmoeder.
35 Grootmoeders ouders waren rijk geweest; als kind had zij in een koets met twee paarden gereden met een koetsier in livrei op den bok, en ze had een meid gehad heelemaal voor h<jar alleen. Maar later waren haar ouders op eens arm geworden. Haar vader was borg geweest voor zijn halfbroer, 40 die bankier was en eens heel veel geld noodig gehad had, om te voorkomen dat hij in de gevangenis kwam. Johans moeder wist niet precies hoe het allemaal gebeurd was; alleen wist ze dat, toen die halfbroer het geld, dat hij geleend had, moest terugbetalen, het bleek dat hij met de Noorderzon vertrokken 45 was, en dat grootmoeders vader al zijn schulden had moeten betalen. Grootmoeders ouders hadden zich dit zoo aangetrokken, dat ze kort na elkaar van verdriet waren gestorven. Grootmoeder was grootgebracht door een verren bloedverwant en was later kamenier geworden, maar den mooien 50 spiegel en de vazen had zij altijd behouden.
1. The mother of John is un-English.
2 If there were more porters, the indefinite article would be required. — Doorkeeper; janitor.
4. Means of subsistence.



6. That after now may be omitted.
10. Densely populated district.
11. Door-sill is ocasionally used for threshold.
12. Difference between cleanness and cleanliness.
13. Reigned.
14 Difference between brass and copper. As bold as brass. Difference between brass and brazen. A copper beech. Different meanings of a copper.
15. Sitting-room.
18. Looking-glass.
20. To testify to. — Difference between prosperity and welfare.
22. Porcelain. — Multi-coloured.
32. Roused.
35. His great-grandparents.
39. Stepbrother.
41. To save (prevent) himself from being.
1919.
Wanneer ik gedurende mijn verblijf in Indië dacht aan hetgeen ik zou doen, als ik met verlof naar Nederland ging, was een der plannen, die een bijzondere bekoring voor mij hadden, een bezoek te brengen aan het stadje, waar mijn 5 vader lang predikant was geweest en waar ik geboren was en mijn jongensjaren had doorgebracht. Na mijn aankomst in Nederland werd ik een half jaar door zaken in Amsterdam opgehouden, maar eindelijk kon ik het lang gekoesterde voornemen ten uitvoer brengen en vertrok op een goeden dag 10 naar mijn geboorteplaats.
Na uitgestapt te zijn aan 't station richtte ik mijn schreden naar de hoofdstraat, die tot mijn groote teleurstelling geheel anders was dan wat ik mij er van herinnerde. Bijna al de ouderwetsche gevels, die het stadje vroeger zulk een schilder15achtig aanzien gaven, waren verdwenen, en vervangen door moderne gebouwen. Vervolgens sloeg ik den weg in naar de



haven, waar ik zoo dikwijls met vrienden geroeid had. Ze was nu zóó vol schepen, dat het veel te gevaarlijk zou zijn er kinderen te laten spelen, zooals wij hadden mogen doen. Ook 20 hier kon ik niet nalaten te betreuren, dat er zoo weinig was overgebleven van wat mij placht aan te trekken. Ik had grooten lust met den eersten trein, dien ik kon halen, het stadje te verlaten, maar ik wilde toch eerst gaan zien, wat er geworden was van de pastorie, die aan 't andere einde 25 der stad had gelegen ongeveer een kwartier gaans van de haven. Het scheen eerst, dat mij hier geen nieuwe teleurstellig wachtte. De breede laan, omzoomd door statige beuken en kastanjeboomen, die er heen leidde, was dezelfde gebleven. Na een minuut of vijf geloopen te hebben, kwam ik aan het 30 houten hek, dat toegang gaf tot den uitgestrekten tuin voor het huis. Wat een plezier hadden mijn makkers gehad, wanneer ze er met mij in mochten spelen naar hartelust, want een tuin van die grootte was nergens anders in de stad te vinden. Het priëel, waarin ik des zomers altijd mijn huiswerk maakte, 35 was er niet meer; het geheel maakte een minder landelijken indruk, ofschoon ik niet precies kon zeggen, waar dat aan lag. Ik waagde het den tuin in te gaan met de gedachte, dat als ik toevalligerwijze iemand mocht ontmoeten, het een voldoende verontschuldiging zou zijn, als ik zeide dat dit mijn 40 ouderlijk huis was geweest. Van het huis zag ik echter nog weinig, daar het geheel verborgen was achter breedgetakte lindeboomen. Ik ging voorbij prachtige bloembedden, langs slingerende paden en kwam ten laatste bij ... .
Welk een ontgoocheling! In plaats van de mij zoo dierbare, 45 met klimop begroeide pastorie stond daar een nieuwe, in roode steen opgetrokken villa. Dit was meer dan ik kon verdragen. Ik wierp niet meer dan één enkelen blik op het prachtige gebouw, draaide mij om, en haastte mij terug naar het station.
1. The repetition of when after whenever is difficult to avoid: unless we begin the sentence with: every time that.—Difference between stay, sojourn, residence, abode. — Why not for my stay?
Eukman, The A and B Certificates, II. 3



By India an Englishman understands Hindostan, so the empire, the capital of which is Delhi. Formerly India was called Indy, hence the plural East-Indies.
2. I should be going on leave of absence. — Difference between leave and furlough. — The Netherlands.
5. It is assumed that the little town had more than one minister. In the contrary case the text would have to run:
of which my father had long been the minister. Difference between clergyman, parson, minister, rector, and vicar.
When is borne used in connexion with birth? —
6. Spent.
8. Difference between to detain and to retain. Kept.
9. Execute.
10. My birthplace; the place of my birth.
11. Having got out at the station. To descend at a station is not English. — Directed my steps.
12. Principal street.
13. Different to is thought by many incorrect, and should be avoided. Otherwise than (not so good).
14. Old-fashioned.
15. Had vanished.
16 Turned into the way.
17. Difference between harbour, port, and haven.
21. Why not would attract?
23. To go and see.
25. Had stood (not often lain). — A quarter of an hour's walk.
27 Why not waited for me? Waited me is no longer used. — Wide.
28. Difference between to lead, to conduct, and to guide.
29. For some five minutes.
30. Hek does not mean fence here.
31. What pleasure my companions had had there is not so good. — Comrades; playfellows.
34. Difference between summer-house and arbour.
35. Was not there any longer (more). — Difference between rural and rustic.
36. To what that was owing.



37. For me to say that this used to be.
42. Linden-trees.
46. Endure.
48. Hurried back. Difference between to hasten and to hurry.
1920.
Op een der bovenverdiepingen van het hooge huis aan den overkant woonde lang geleden een dame van middelbaren leeftijd, die nooit bezoek kreeg en dus geen verwanten of kennissen scheen te hebben. Verreweg het grootste gedeelte 5 van den dag bracht zij door in haar kamer. Als ik de andere bewoners van het huis naar haar vroeg, dan was het antwoord dat zij met niemand omging, en, daar ook geen mijner vrienden iets omtrent haar wist, bleef mijn nieuwsgierigheid onbevredigd.
10 Hoe dikwijls heb ik haar niet onbemerkt gadegeslagen, als zij, met haar nog altijd bekoorlijke gestalte, in haar grijze kleed en met de sneeuwwitte muts op het netjes gescheiden haar, aan het venster de krant zat te lezen of met haar breiwerk bezig was. En zelden deed ik dat zonder dat ik mede15 lijden met de eenzame in mij voelde opkomen.
Op zekeren avond in het midden van den zomer was ik naar het kerkhof gegaan om een krans op het graf van een vriendin te leggen. Het was er rustig en stil. Geen levend wezen was er te zien. 's Morgens had het geonweerd en de 20 lucht was heerlijk frisch. Overal stonden rozen in vollen bloei en spreidden haar liefelijke geuren in het rond. Ik zette mij neer op een bank en begon te mijmeren over de genietingen van het leven en de verschrikkingen van den dood. Welk een tegenstelling!
25 En onwillekeurig begon ik te denken aan mijn buurvrouw, wier leven treurig, althans eentonig scheen te wezen. Ik werd in mijn overdenkingen gestoord door het geluid van voetstappen. Omkijkende zag ik haar, aan wie ik juist zat te



denken, verdwijnen achter het geboomte. Daar ik hoopte nu 30 gelegenheid te hebben met haar in aanraking te komen, volgde ik voorzichtig in de richting, die zij had ingeslagen. Weldra zag ik haar onbewegelijk geknield voor een geheel met klimop bedekt graf. Ik verborg mij achter den stam van een beuk, de oogen op den grond gevestigd.
35 Toen zij weg was, ging ik naar het graf, en voorover buigende, las ik op den steen den naam van een jong gestorven officier. Bij het heengaan trapte ik op iets hards, dat ik opraapte. Het was een oud, versleten, in leder gebonden boekje. Ik opende het, en las in bijna onleesbare vergulde letters 40 denzelfden naam, dien ik op den steen had gevonden. Hieruit maakte ik op, dat mijn buurvrouw het verloren moest hebben. In gedachten verdiept, keerde ik huiswaarts.
Wat zou ik met het boekje doen? Het inpakken en het haar zenden, of het haar zelf brengen? De keus was niet 45 moeilijk. Ik nam de kans waar om kennis met haar te maken, en heb dat nooit betreurd.
1. Difference between floor and story.
4. The greatest part is much less common.
6. Inmates.
9 Why not dissatisfied.
10 Unobserved; stealthily.
14. Seldotn. — Difference between pity and compassion.
17. Graveyard. What is a cemetery? — Difference between grave, tomb, and sepulchre.
18. Difference between quiet, still, and silent. — No living
beitig.
19. Difference between snowstorm and sneeuwstorm.
21. Spreading.
22. Seat.
25 Neighbour is sufficiënt, because from the context ït appears that the feminine is meant.
27. When is the spelling reflexion preferred?
31. Difference between cautiously, carefully, and prudently.
32. Motionless in a kneeling position.



37. Stepped; put my foot.
38. Why does little stand first? — Book bound in leather.
41. Gathered.
42. Lost in thought (not thoughts).
44. Why not bring?
1921.
Wij maken thans gebruik van het voorrecht van den romanschrijver en slaan wederom stilzwijgend eenige onbeduidende jaren over, om tot een voorval te komen, dat plaats greep toen Jan zestien jaar oud was, en dat op zijn volgende loop5 baan meer invloed had, dan men er in 't eerst van had kunnen verwachten.
Schoon Jan op dien leeftijd reeds een geoefend ruiter was, kende hij geen grooter genoegen dan om te voet, enkel vergezeld door zijn trouwen hond, in de omliggende velden 10 op jacht te gaan. Dan trok hij bij zonsopgang het slot uit, om er niet zelden eerst tegen het vallen van den avond met een volle weitasch terug te keeren. Zelf was hij onvermoeid, en het was dan ook alleen uit bezorgdheid voor zijn geliefden hond, dat hij zich van tijd tot tijd een oogenblik nederzette, 15 om zijn boterham met het dier te deelen, of hem gelegenheid te geven om wat te drinken alvorens den tocht voort te zetten.
Eens keerde hij, met wild beladen en vroolijk neuriënd, over de hei huiswaarts. Het was een dier schoone herfstavonden, waarin de hemel gekleurd is met de heerlijkste 20 afwisseling van goud en rood. De heide stond in vollen bloei en vervulde de lucht met de zoetste geuren. Een plechtige stilte heerschte alom, alleen onderbroken door het suizen van het zachte avondwindje, het verwijderd geloei der runderen, die naar hunne stallen terugkeerden, en het eentonig 25 geluid der klinkende schelletjes van de kudden schapen. In de verte rees uit het donkere groen der boomen de spitse kerktoren trotsch en statig omhoog, en daarachter ontwaarde



het oog de daken van het hertogelijk slot. Vóór hem stroomde de Rijn door vette weiden of vruchtbare boomgaarden en 30 kaatste als een spiegel den schoonen hemel terug.
Hoe dikwijls Jan dit prachtige natuurtooneel ook aanschouwd had, telkens wekte het zijn bewondering weer op. Want wie de natuur liefheeft, kan nooit genoeg genieten van haar schoonheid, en de indrukken, welke zij teweeg35 brengt op zijn gemoed, worden met de jaren sterker.
Onwillekeurig bleef Jan op de helling van den heuvel staan om zijn oogen te vergasten aan het heerlijke schouwspel. Slechts de boven beschreven geluiden en de rook, die 40 in lichtblauwe wolkjes uit de schoorsteenen van het ververwijderde dorpje oprees, kondigden de nabijheid van menschen aan. Verzonken in bewondering en verrukking, gevoelde hij zich diep bewogen, toen de onverwachte verschijning van een naderend rijtuig zijn gedachten een andere 45 wending gaf en hem benieuwd deed zijn wie hem aldus in de eenzaamheid kwam storen. Het duurde niet lang of het voertuig getrokken door vier stevige paarden kwam langzaam den heuvel oprijden, waarop Jan stond. Het was een prachtig rijtuig met een wapen geschilderd op de portieren, en op 50 den bok naast den koetsier zat een page, tegen de koude avondlucht geheel in een paarsen mantel gewikkeld.
1. Difference between privilege and prerogative. — Novelist.
2. Pass over. — Insignificant.
3. Difference between incident and accident. — Happened; took place.
5. More influence. — Future (not following) career.
6. Expected from.
7. Skilied; skilful.
9. Difference between to accompany and to attend.
10. Difference between to shoot and to hunt.
11. Often to return to it only towards nightfall is correct, but not so common.
12. Indefatigable, untiring.
16. Of drinking a little. As wat expresses quantity here,



not quality, something would be out of place. — Not expedition. Continuing his way.
17. Once. — He returned home would imply that he had reached home. — Difference between to load and to lade. —
Gaily.
18. Home.
19. The heavens.
20. Alternation. — Heath; erica.
22. Reigned. — Broken.
23. Bellowing.
24. Cows.
25. Difference between flock and herd.
27. Difference between steeple, tower, and turret.
29. The river Rhine. — Difference between fertile, fruitful, and prolific.
31. How is wrong.
32. Roused; aroused. — Again; afresh.
33. Enjoy of does not exist.
38. Regale his eyes with.
39. Theabove described sounds is not permissible. Above-
mentioned may be used attributively, but mentioned does not answer to the Dutch text.
41 Neighbourhood. — Men in literary style is correct.
In every-day language men would mean male persons. 42. Absorbed; engrossed.
46 His is compulsory.
48. Difference between to drive and to ride.
1922.
Het is altijd een van mijn zwagers vurigste wenschen geweest een zeereis te doen naar Indië op een van de groote Nederlandsche mailbooten. Het is hoogst onwaarschijnlijk, dat die wensch ooit vervuld zal worden. Indien hij mocht 5 besluiten thans te gaan, zou hij zijn betrekking moeten vaarwel zeggen zonder gerechtigd te zijn tot pensioen, aangezien zijn gezondheid hem, menschelijkerwijze gesproken, in staat zal stellen nog vele jaren het aan zijn ambt van



postdirecteur verbonden werk te verrichten. En op vijf en 10 zestigjarigen leeftijd zal hij misschien bij zich zelf denken, dat hij maar beter doet stilletjes in het vaderland te blijven, nog afgescheiden van de vraag, of hij zijn vrouw, die op al zijn vacantie-uitstapjes zijn onafscheidelijke reisgenoote is geweest, zou kunnen bewegen hem te vergezellen. Het 15 leven aan boord van zulk een groot, drijvend hotel, als de hedendaagsche mailbooten zijn, schijnt hem uitermate verrukkelijk toe. Hij houdt hartstochtelijk veel van de zee, misschien omdat hij in een dorpje aan de Hollandsche kust geboren is. Hij herinnert zich levendig, hoe hij, op een duin 20 gezeten, uren lang kon zitten turen naar de golven, die braken op het strand, of naar den verwijderden horizon, waar nu en dan een zeil of een rookwolk zichtbaar werd van een of ander voorbijvarend schip. Het kostte hem altijd veel moeite zich los te rukken van dit schijnbaar eentonige, 25 maar in werkelijkheid steeds afwisselende schouwspel, en wanneer hij eindelijk de zee den rug toekeerde, voelde hij zich alsof hij afscheid genomen had van een dierbaren vriend. Waarom is hij dan geen zeeman geworden? zult gij vragen. Indien hij zijn eigen zin had kunnen volgen, zou hij 30 zonder twijfel naar zee gegaan zijn, zooals velen van zijn schoolmakkers, zelfs toen bleek, dat hij sommige kleuren niet voldoende kon onderscheiden, wat hem belet zou hebben op te klimmen tot den rang van stuurman of kapitein. Zijn vader wierp echter zooveel bezwaren op, en alleen de ge35 dachte er aan bedroefde zijn moeder zoozeer, dat hij om hunnentwil een betrekking koos, die hem nooit aan de gevaren van het zeemansleven zou kunnen blootstellen. Ieder jaar heeft hij een maand vacantie, die hij bij voorkeur op een van onze rustige badplaatsen aan zee doorbrengt. Het toppunt 40 van genot zou voor hem zijn een reis van eenige weken te doen als eerste klas passagier van een der schitterend ingerichte booten van onze groote scheepvaartmaatschappijen. Bij mooi weer zou hij den ganschen dag op het dek zitten,
de frissche zeelucht inademend, gezellig pratend met mede45 passagiers, een lievelingsschrijver lezend, en heel dikwijls droomerig kijkend in de verte. Bij stormachtig weer zou hij



aan dek blijven en met ontzag de reusachtige golven gadeslaan. Hij zou ze niet vreezen: hij kent ze van zijn jeugd af; hij zou zich even veilig voelen als thuis in zijn woonkamer.
1. Difference between fervent, ardent, and fiery.
2. Difference between voyage and journey, to voyage and to journey. — On.
3. More literary: highly improbable.
4. This wish sounds more natural in English than that wish, because it has only just been mentioned.
5. Decide. Difference between to resolve and to conclude. — Would be obliged.
6. Say good-bye to cannot be used here. — Since; as.
8. Office of postmaster.
9. Perform.
10. Within himself; not by himself.
11. Difference between he had better and he had rather. — In his native country.
12. Even apart.
14. jteottHnduce.
19. Difference between vividly and lively.
20. For hours; for many hours at a stretch. — Difference between to gaze and to stare.
26. At last.
27. His leave. — Not from.
28. Difference between to become a sailor and to turn sailor.
33. Difference between mate and steersman.
38 By preference.
39. Seaside resorts; watering-places.
44. Sociably; socially.
46. Not by or with.
48 From.
1923.
De burger van een academiestad, althans hij die bij den aanvang der groote vacantie een advertentie voor zijn ramen



plaatst, dat er aldaar kamers te huur zijn, kan gedurende negen maanden van de twaalf ternauwernood als heer en 5 meester van zijn eigen woning beschouwd worden. Want de student, een enkele maal de officier, heeft de mooiste kamer in bezit genomen. Hij is het die de aandacht van buren en voorbijgangers tot zich trekt, die voor het wijd geopende raam zit, die in- en uitgaat, den huissleutel in zijn zak heeft 10 en zijn vrienden en bekenden op zijn kamer ontvangt. Hij is, in één woord, nummer één, terwijl de eigenaar zich bescheiden tevreden moet stellen met een zitkamertje aan den achterkant van het huis, of een slaapkamertje op den zolder.
Wij verzoeken den vriendelijken lezer ons naar zulk een 15 studentenkamer te volgen, al is de weg er heen alles behalve gemakkelijk of aangenaam. Want wij moeten eerst een smal gangetje door, waar een houten drempeltje groot gevaar oplevert, tenzij wij de uiterste omzichtigheid in acht nemen. Vervolgens komen wij bij een donkeren trap, die overdag 20 schamel verlicht wordt door een klein raampje dat op de gang uitziet, maar waar 's avonds volslagen duisternis heerscht, zoodat de vreemdeling den trap slechts met levensgevaar beklimt. Bovendien zijn de treden uitgesleten en ^ alleen met de grootste moeite bereiken wij den overloop, 25 nadat wij drie of vier malen het hoofd gestooten hebben tegen allerlei onverwachte hoeken en balken. Na gedurende enkele oogenblikken het hoofd te hebben gewreven om de pijn te verlichten, gaan wij verder, komen voor den tweeden keer in onaangename aanraking met een drempeltje, al even 30 verraderlijk als het eerste, en staan eindelijk voor een deur, die zeer gemakkelijk en zonder het minste geluid opengaat, maar die wij slechts weer dicht kunnen krijgen, nadat wij die een keer of drie met geweld toegeslagen hebben. Wij zijn de studeerkamer binnen getreden van den Heer Willem Boll, 35 student in de theologie. Laat ons eens rondkijken in de afwezigheid van den bewoner. Het is avond en de beide schuiframen zijn met zware luiken gesloten, die wel eens geverfd mochten worden.
Aan den wand hangt, met spelden er aan bevestigd, een 40 reeks portretten van de letterkundige beroemdheden van het



oogenblik, zooals Goethe, Borger en Byron, en daartusschen vertoonen zich de ernstige gezichten van eenige theologische hoogleeraren. Aan de tegenovergestelde zijde is de muur versierd met een dozijn lange steenen pijpen, en een kleine 45 vervelooze boekenkast, op welker bovenste planken de boeken van onzen aanstaanden dominee gerangschikt staan, terwijl de lagere planken dienst doen als wijnkelder.
1. Difference between citizen, burgher, inhabitant, denizen. — One who.
2. Summer (midsummer) vacation (holidays). Long holidays is not used.
3 Rooms to be let.
8 Draws. Tot zich is not to be translated. — Widely opened.
10. Not on his room. — In one word.
15. Not at all.
18. Difference between caution and discretion.
19 Flight (pair) of stairs (steps). — Difference between dark and obscure.
21. Difference between hall, lobby, passage, and corridor.
23. Mounts. — With peril of his life.
24. Only with the greatest difficulty we reach.
27. Difference between to rub and to wipe?
28. To relieve.
30. Stand.
33. Banging. — One or three times is not English. Twice or thrice is correct, but not so common.
37. Which would look all the better for a fresh layer of paint. Which want to be painted badly.
40. Picture is now rarely used in the sense of portrait or likeness of a person.
41. Among them would have quite another meaning. When is between used with regard to more than two?
42. Difference between grave, serious, and earnest.
44. Why not decorated? — A dozen of churchwardens.
45. Discoloured.
47. The lower shelves doing duty (serving) as.



1924.
Lord Stanhope was even zonderling als zijn dochter. Hij sliep bij open ramen onder twaalf dekens, ontbeet met een stuk bruin brood en liet het wapen van zijn koets wegnemen, omdat hij het te aristocratisch vond. Naar de opvoeding 5 zijner kinderen keek hij niet om. Dat deed evenmin de tweede Lady Stanhope, die na den vroegtijdigen dood der eerste een moeder voor de weezen had moeten zijn. Maar zij had het te druk met haar opera's en bals. Zoo groeiden de kinderen op. Vooral voor de oudste, Esther, geboren in 10 zeventien honderd zes en zeventig, ware verstandige, zorgvuldige leiding zeer gewenscht geweest. Het was een levendig, gezond meisje, luidruchtig, excentriek en ongehoorzaam. Haar kracht en haar onafhankelijkheid wekten het vertrouwen van haar oom, den beroemden minister Pitt, zoodat 15 deze niet aarzelde aan haar, een achttienjarig meisje, de leiding van zijn huis toe te vertrouwen.
Zoo trad zij in de groote wereld. Een indrukwekkende gastvrouw met haar hooge gestalte van zes voet. Zij was noch beminnelijk, noch mooi en ontzag niemand en niets. 20 Alleen voor Brummel, den koning der dandy's, had zij een zekere achting, omdat hij, de man zonder voorvaderen, zoovele adellijke bewonderaars tot blinde gehoorzaamheid aan zijn onzinnige grillen wist te dwingen. Zij werd gevreesd en gehaat, maar toch gevleid, want haar invloed was groot. 25 Haar oom liet haar begaan en zij benoemde of ontsloeg militairen en civiele ambtenaren.
Haar oom stierf in achttienhonderd zes en nu was haar invloed spoedig uit. Vol verachting voor de wereld trok zij zich naar Wales terug. Toen een paar jaar later haar liefste 30 broeder haar door den dood ontviel, zeide zij de Engelsche maatschappij vaarwel. Met een klein gevolg reisde zij door Griekenland en Egypte, bezocht Jeruzalem, trok door de woestijn en vestigde zich op een bergtop in Syrië. Onrustiger woonplaats had zij niet kunnen kiezen dan dit land met zijn 35 hevige twisten en bloedige veeten tusschen Arabieren en Turken. Toch liep zij geen oogenblik gevaar. Zij liet op den berg



een kasteel bouwen, met een middeleeuvvschen muur omgeven. Haar dertig inlandsche bedienden, mannen zoowel als vrouwen, regeerde zij met ijzeren hand. Zij zond kameelen 40 beladen met koren, vijgen en kleeren naar de dorpen. Zij bestudeerde den Oosterschen geest om haar heen en haar geloof onderging den invloed daarvan, het werd een vreemd mengsel van Westersche en Oostersche begrippen en bijgeloovigheden.
45 Eindelijk werd zij ziek. Een Engelsche consul uit de buurt, die van haar ziekte hoorde, ging met een Amerikaanschen zendeling te paard naar haar toe. Zij kwamen aan, toen zij juist gestorven was.
Zoo stierf de vrouw, die door haar zonderlingheid en 50 hoogmoed de aandacht van geheel Europa had getrokken.
1. Note the spelling of eccentric. Also of ecstasy.
2. Difference between under, below, and beneath.
3. Lump; hunk. — Coat-of-arms. — Taken away.
5. Nor did. Colloquial : no more did.
6. Premature death. This use shows that the Englishman does not think of the original meaning: mature (= ripe) before its time.
7. Should have been. — For is wrong.
12. Noisy. — Disobedient.
13 Difference between strength and force. — Excited.
16 To trust her . . . with.
20. The king of the dandies = the leader of the dandies; the king of dandies = the arch-dandy.
21. Esteem. — Difference between ancestors, forefathers and forbears.
23. Absurd caprices.
26. Military officers and civil functionaries.
28. Difference between to retire and to withdraw.
29. A few. — Favourite.
30 She was deprived of her dearest brother by death. — Said farewell.
31. Difference between society and company. — Suite.
33. Established herself. — Difference between top and summit.



35. Sanguinary.
36. She caused a castle to be built.
37. Enclosed by.
39. Difference between with an iron hand and with an iron rod.
41. Oriental. — Around her.
42. Faith; religious belief. — Curious.
45. Became ill.
46. Difference between to hear of and to hear from. 
With an American missionary on horseback is the wrong
order. 5
47. When she had just died is not so good, because of the word died immediately following.
1925.
Een zonnige lentemorgen.
Op een morgen, na vele sombere en regenachtige dagen, werd Frans onverwachts gewekt door de zon, die hem door de smalle opening tusschen de venstergordijnen met hare stralen had aangeraakt. Hoewel hij vast geslapen had, was 5 hij ineens helder wakker, stond op en schoof de gordijnen open. Hij hoorde de beide dienstboden kort na elkaar naar beneden gaan. Toen hij zich gekleed had, begaf hij zich naar de huiskamer, maar vond deze nog in wanorde en twee ramen tegenover elkaar open, wat hevig tochtte. De 10 meiden keken hem verbaasd aan, benieuwd, wat zijn vroeg opzijn wel beteekende. Om aan hun nieuwsgierige blikken te ontkomen, ging hij aanstonds den tuin in, waar pioenen, muurbloemen en seringen al in bloei stonden. Hij liep door tot het hek, dat den tuin van den weg scheidde. Door het 15 geopende raam van de kinderkamer kwam het gehuil van den kleinen Peter, die gewasschen werd. Overigens heerschte alom stilte. Frans wist eerst niet, wat hij zou aanvangen met den tijd voor het ontbijt; hij was schrijver, en zoo vroeg in den morgen vlotte het werk bij hem in den regel niet. 20 Hij besloot toch maar wat te gaan werken aan een treurspel, dat hij onder handen had. Even later zat hij aan de schrijf-



tafel in zijn studeerkamer. Hij las het eerste bedrijf nog eens over en dat viel hem niet tegen. Hij hoopte, dat dit werk succes zou hebben.
25 Het geluid van voetstappen langs zijn venster leidde hem even af. Hij zag den postbode voorbijgaan en even later hoorde hij brieven in de bus vallen. Haastig stond hij op en ging naar de voordeur, waar hij een kennisgeving vond, dat er op het postkantoor een aangeteekende brief voor 30 hem lag. Daar dit zijn nieuwsgierigheid opwekte, besloot hij dezen onmiddellijk per fiets te gaan halen.
De brief, die hem op 't postkantoor ter hand gesteld werd, was van zijn uitgever en meldde, dat een herdruk van zijn bundel verzen noodzakelijk was geworden. Een cheque was 35 bij de mededeeling ingesloten. Dit alles was zeer aanmoedigend, en hij nam zich nu vast voor dag in dag uit aan zijn tooneelstuk te blijven werken, tot het voltooid zou zijn.
Toen hij terugkwam vond hij zijn kinderen spelend voor het huis. Nauwelijks hadden ze hem gezien, of ze trokken 40 hem springend als veulentjes met zich mee. Frans voelde zich rijk op dit oogenblik, rijk en gelukkig, alsof hij voor het eerst goed begreep, hoeveel hij bezat.
De lente begon verrukkelijk en onverwacht. Voelde hij binnenin zich ook niet een plotselinge verandering, iets 45 nieuws?
1. On a certain morning is not so common as one morning. — Dismal; sombre. The last word is less common than the others.
2. Woke up; roused.
3. Chink, slit, aperture. — Difference between curtains and blinds.
4. Difference between ray and beam. X-rays.
5. Wide awake. — lmmediately.
6. Go down a short time after one another.
8. Went to the living-room. — Topsy-turvy (origin unknown).
9. Opposite to is also used. — Terrible; fearful. Not horrible.



10. What his being up early might mean is correct, but sounds awkward.
11. Difference between curious and inquisitive.
12. Escape from.
14 Till and until are wrong; they are only used in relation to time. — Gate is not meant here. — High-road.
16. Reign.
17. Why not first? — What he should do to while awav the time.
18 A writer is not very clear in this context, because
there are all sorts of writers, e. g. writer to the signet.
19. He did not get on so well with his work.
21. Had in (on) hand.
22. Once again.
23. That did not disappoint him.
24 Would be a success (successful).
25 Distracted his thoughts.
31. To fetch it on his (not on) bicycle (colloquial: bike).
33 Impression.
34. Collection. — Poetry.
35. Not this all.
36. Firmly resolved (made up his mind).
37. Finished (not ready).
38. No sooner . . . than.
40. Difference between colt and foal. — Not feit himself.
42 Fully understood.
1926.
Toen Mevrouw Bakker den brief had gelezen, waarin haar zoon Willem haar berichtte, dat hij benoemd was tot directeur van de fabriek, waarin hij totnogtoe een ondergeschikte betrekking bekleedde, vulden haar oogen zich met tranen 5 van blijdschap. Het leven van haar zoon was ten slotte geen mislukking geworden. Zij had dikwijls gevreesd, dat het daarop zou uitloopen. Haar man was niet lang na de geboorte van haar zoon gestorven. Gelukkig was er na zijn dood geen geldgebrek. Een levensverzekeringmaatschappij



lOkeerde een aanzienlijke som uit, die, gevoegd bij haar eigen kapitaal, ruimschoots voldoende was om haar in staat te stellen voor zich en haar kind te zorgen, ook wanneer later zijn opvoeding kostbaarder mocht worden. Hoezeer zij in den beginne ook treurde om het overlijden van haar man, dien zij 15 zeer had liefgehad, zij besefte spoedig, dat zij zich niet door haar smart mocht laten overmeesteren, maar dat het haar plicht was te trachten van Willem een eerlijk mensch en een nuttig lid der maatschappij te maken.
Zooals gewoonlijk leverden kindsheid en jongensjaren 20 geen groote moeilijkheden op. Op de lagere school behoorde Willem weliswaar niet tot de knappe leerlingen, maar hij werd toch op dertienjarigen leeftijd toegelaten tot het Gymnasium. Deze school werd door zijn moeder gekozen, omdat zij er haar zinnen op gezet had, dat hij advocaat zou worden, 25 evenals zijn vader geweest was. Dit werd een bron van veel verdriet, zoowel voor haar als voor hem. Het bleek weldra dat de jongen zich in 't geheel niet aangetrokken gevoelde tot de studie der klassieke talen. Hij miste den rustigen ijver en de geduldige volharding, die noodig zijn 30 om een behoorlijke kennis van Latijn en Grieksch te verwerven. Gedurende de twee jaar, dat hij leerling was van het Gymnasium, waren zijn eenige prettige uren die, welke hij doorbracht op de fabriek van een vriend van zijn overleden vader. Hij mocht daar vrij ronddwalen, vragen doen 35 zooveel hij maar wou en wat hij het allerpleizierigst vond, zelf een en ander werk doen, natuurlijk onder toezicht van een arbeider.
Toen het duidelijk werd, dat hij niet deugde voor een van de zoogenaamde geleerde beroepen, wist hij zijn moeder te 40 bewegen hem naar de fabriek te laten gaan.
Hij beloofde haar plechtig, dat hij zijn uiterste best zou doen om zoo spoedig mogelijk vooruit te komen, 's Avonds volgde hij een cursus in teekenen en toegepaste werktuigkunde en na eenige jaren van theorie en practijk was hij 45 geheel op de hoogte van alle werk dat in de fabriek verricht werd. Toen hij twintig jaar oud was, solliciteerde hij naar een betrekking aan een grootere fabriek in de hoofdstad, en
Eijkman, The A and B Certi/icates, II. 4



hij was nauwelijks dertig, toen hij aan het hoofd van die groote inrichting werd gesteld.
1. Her son William's letter informing her.
2 Difference between manager (director) of a factory. 10 This construction is more logicai than the literal translation: paid her a considerable sum of money, which, added (not joined) to her own capital, was amply sufficiënt, etc.
12. When is not correct, because wanneer clearly expresses a condition here.
13. Why not costly? — Much cannot be omitted. — She at first mourned (deplored; grieved over) the death.
14. Why not regretted? — Decease is especially found in legal use.
16. Let herself be overpowered.
17. Of William may stand after society.
19. Offer.
20 Not troubles. — Primary school. — Not did not belong to.
21. Smart scholars.
22. As gymnasiums do not exist in England, the Continental name is used.
24. On it that he should become is unnecessarily complicated. —A solicitor and a barrister are both lawyers. What is the difference?
26. As well for her as for him. — Proved; turned out; became evident.
28. The classics. — What would missed mean?
29. Industry; diligence.
30. To acquire.
31. Why not for the two years?
33. Deceased father. — Father.
34. Difference between to wander, to roam, and torove.— To put questions, as many as he liked.
35. What he thought most pleasant is not to be recommended, because most pleasant may be an absolute superlative (allerpleizierigst without article).
36. Some work or other is not quite correct, because it answers to een of ander werk. — Not superintendence.



37 Operative.
38 Evident. — Suited for.
39. What is meant by the professions, and what by the learned professions?
40. Inducing.
42 Of an evening; at night.
43. Attended.
45. Thoroughly versed in (conversant with).
48. As scarcely qualifies thirty, these words cannot be separated. — Hardly.
49. Not institution.
1907.
Summer was drawing to a close. lts heat was gradually beginning to make way for the fresh coolness of autumn. Rain and sunshine followed each other alternately. Now and then a storm swept over the field, a harbinger of approaching 5 winter.
The principal [residences aiong the] canals of our large commercial towns are returning to life. It is true, it will be a couple of weeks more before the rich take up their winter quarters, but there are abundant signs that they are being lOexpected. Here and there, the windows of a drawing-room are now and then opened to allow the passers-by a look at the pictures on the walls, of which otherwise they never catch a glimpse, though they represent a value of some thousands at least.
15 In the more remote quarters the change is less noticeable. The people there have not been to the country, perhaps for one day to Utrecht and back at the most. To teil the truth, they never quite know when it is summer. The iron railings' and the lamp-posts which adorn their quarter, do not bud, 20 do not get green, and do not wither. (From the newspaper they know whether the harvest will be good or bad. They smell the grass only in the shape of adulterated butter and know the smell of the pine-trees only from hearsay.
Anne is living with her mother-in-law in one of these



25 quarters in Amsterdam, in a small, stuffy house, which, according to the doctor, is very damp and therefore unhealthy. She cannot live anyvvhere else, for she earns her bread among the people of the lower classes, and though formerly she moved in better circles, she has got accustomed 30 to these people.
"Anne", says her mother-in-law one afternoon, laying her knitting in her lap, and looking round the room through her spectacles with a peculiar expression of complacency in her eyes, "you remember my telling you more than once about 35 my nephew [Cousin] Jansen? Well, he is soon coming to town now. Are you still determined not to call on him and ask for help? I fancy we have been long enough in this wretched slum now. I was accustomed to different things in my youth. People like us can't mix with charvvomen and the 40 relations of servants in the long run, to be sure."
"Oh really, Mamma, the people are very nice. They treat us politely and understand themselves, it seems, that they are not on an equal footing with us. If you came in contact with them more frequently, you would also see that. When I was 45 looking for work among the rich . . .
"But I am not speaking of looking for work," the old woman says impatiently, "it stands to reason that a person coming to ask for work is treated like a servant; I am speaking of my nephew Jansen, who formerly sat a hundred times 50 in my lap and was glad if I put a guilder in his purse. / He is a swell now, and he has been at the head of the business since his father's death, though my sister-in-law has still a great part of her money in it. Fortunately they have nothing to reproach us for. They did not suffer any loss by 55 your father's bankruptcy. Otherwise 1 should not think of asking them for anything, of course. Now it is fair that they should help us out of our difficulties.
3. What is alternative?
6. Difference between canal and channel.
10. What are the principal parts of a window called? — What is the origin of drawing-room?



13. Why not worth?
14. At the least.
22 Difference between adulteration and adultery. —
What is: He looks as if butter would not melt in his mouth?
26. Difference between doctor and physician.
28. Meaning of loaf, roll, a baker's dozen.
32. Otlier meaning of to knit. Conjugation.
43 What is: he lost his footing?
1. The article before summer is not a mistake. — What would be the meaning of summer drew to a close. 7. Why not it will last?
8 Rule for the use of an adjective as a noun (the rich). 16. The omission of the article before people is not wrong in this case. What is the difference between people and the people? — Why not were not in or did not go to? 19. Would that be right? — Why is do used here? A very exact definition should be insisted on.
22. Rule for the place of only. — Why the article before grass and pine-trees?
34 Why is the literal translation (Cousin J., of whom) not so good?
36. Difference between town and the town. — Difference between to call on (at, for, to).
37. When are methinks and meseems used?
38. Why not have been accustomed?
49 Why not has sat?
50. Difference between if and when in this sentence.
51. Why has been?
52. Why since?
53 What sort of a verb is have?
54 Why the preterite? — Why any?
56. Why not something?
57. Why the subjunctive equivalent?
1. Different pronunciations and meanings of close. 2 Pronunciation of autumn, autumnal.
3. Phonetic transcription of alternately.



6. Difference in pronunciation between canal and kennel.
8. Stress of winter quarters.
11. And of passer-by.
20. Another word pronounced the same as wither. What are withers?
21. Two words pronounced like whether.
26. Rule for th in unhealthy.
38. Pronunciation of -ed, as in wretched.
39. Different pronunciations of charwoman.
1908.
The doctor was in a good humour, evidently on account of an affair that concerned himself, not his patients.
"Why, doctor, how is it you are so cheerful to-day?"
And rubbing his hands, he told the following:
5 Just fancy what has happened to me! An English lady calls on me and wants me to go and see a patiënt in an hotel. 1 am shown into a beautifully furnished room, where a tall, thin American in a dressing-gown is already waiting for me.
"It's not for you, is it?" 1 asked.
10 "No, my daughter doesn't feel well But I want you
to cure her soon, for we are in Europe for pleasure."
"May I just see her?"
"To be sure, you may", he said, and he took me to his daughter, a typical American girl, with beautiful regular 15 features and splendid hair.
Before I had even been able to put a few questions, the father already asked anxiously: "It's not much, is it?"
But when I had finished my examination, I knew the girl was seriously ill.
20 "Nonsense, she has caught a cold. We can't stay in this hole here!"
She has probably got typhus," I said calmly, "and that of a serious nature."
Cure her quickly, will you? Money doesn't matter."
25 "It's really serious!" I said with emphasis.



I did what it was my duty to do as a doctor, and warned the hotel-keeper. He would not keep such a dangerous patiënt, of course.
"Then I will hire the whole hotel," said the American 30 coolly.
But he was politely given to understand that it was a question of principle, and that this was impossible. After having found, not without some difficulty, a hospital willing to take in the patiënt, 1 had her removed to it. The father 35 was furious, because for the first time in his life he could not get his way for money.
"I have cabled for my own doctor in New-York," he muttered, walking beside me, "and I have wired for a professor from Paris. And I have summoned two sick-nurses 40 from London."
This was too bad! I told him that we had plenty of able doctors and nurses here, besides professors whom 1 could consult if he wished it.
Presently he became furious again, because his daughter 45 got only one room, and that a small one. And he fairly seethed with rage, when it was pointed out to him that he could not stay at the hospital himself.
After a few days he got tidings which necessitated his returning to America on business for a short time. His wife 50 came from Italy and took his place. I was instructed to cable a detailed bulletin every day, which cost fifty dollars on an average.
The mother was just as peculiar as the father; she sat looking at her daughter like a stranger, more anxious about 55 herself than about her child, who was really so very ill.
She thought Amsterdam, indeed the whole of Holland, wretched. She ordered everything from abroad. Every day there arrived boxes with the costliest flowers from the South. The rarest fruit was sent from England. She had the eggs 60fetched from a farm outside Amsterdam by her footmen in a private carriage. And, of course, as a doctor, I adhered to the instructions I had given: the flowers were not allowed in the sick-room, and the patiënt was on no account to eat



the fruit. As far as the eggs were concerned, they appeared
"ot even to be new-laid, and were to be had far better at the hospital.
When at last the danger was over, the American Mamma went off to Wiesbaden again, to stay in the neighbourhood for the present.
70 One day Papa suddenly stood before me again. He looked at nis daughter, and then said:
'May I just ask you, hasn't it been long enough now? I should like to go to the South [now]."
, He had already ordered a special train, to take him and his 75 daughter from Amsterdam to Italy direct. Of course, I couldn't object to that.
And just now I received a cheque for ... . But I won't mention the amount, for my colleagues might get jealous of my American practice.
1 Doctor of law, of divinity, of medicine, of letters. 2. What is I am concerned about her? I know nothing concerning him? — What are out-patients and in-patients? 4. What is to wipe one's hands?
8. Meanings of to wait for, on, at.
9. Difference between It is your book, isn't it? and It is your book, is it?
11. Physician, cure thyself. A rest-cure. What entirely other meaning has the noun cure?
34. Other meaning of to take in.
53. What would particular mean here?
54. What other meaning has anxious, and what constructïons are used after it?
57 What other meanings has to order? — What is you are all abroad?
65. Opposite of a new-laid egg.
66. Difference between hospital and infirmary.
2. What sort of a pronoun is himself? What other meaning may it have?
5. Why not the preterite?



15. When is hairs used?
16 Why not could have put?
26 Why not I must, I had to, or I ought to? — It cannot be omitted. Why not? 5»
27. Why he?
29. Why not I hire?
31. What sort of an adverb is politely here?
59 When is fruits used?
75. Meaning of direcfly.
79 What is the verb corresponding to practice?
6 Pronunciation of hotel. — An or a?
11 How is Europe pronounced? And European? Phonetic transcription.
17. And anxiously?
25. According to what rule is the final s of emphasis voiceless?
51. Rule for the pronunciation of -ost.
55 Different ways to pronounce really.
58. Do flower and flour differ in pronunciation?
1909.
A prison is seldom comfortable, and mine made (was) no exception to the general rule; it was a small and damp apartment with bare walls. The only furniture was a table with but three legs, and a chair with a broken back, which bore 5 the marks of many years' service.
As soon as I was alone, I sat down, and tried to collect my thoughts, for the emotion, the fright, and the anxiety 1 had suffered, had upset me to such an extent that what had happened [to me] seemed to me an oppressive dream, and 10 it was a considerable time before I quite realized my position. Then all at once the frightful truth stood before my eyes; awful suspicions rested on me. I was charged with having



attempted to murder my partner. At first I had made light of the matter, and, in the consciousness of my innocence, I had n°t doubted for a moment that I should be acquitted; but now I saw that appearances were against me, and that I should have great difficulty in convincing my judges of my innocence. J
I thought of my parents; of my good mother, whose weak 20 constitution would no doubt be shaken by the tidings that her son was suspected of such a crime; of my father, who would patiently bear his grief with the stoicism that characterized him, but would afterwards suffer all the more for it. Then came the harassing thought that I had myself no 25 opportunity to convince them of my innocence; that they would be informed of what had happened by some one else who would perhaps exaggerate the affair or place it in an unfavourable light; that they would perhaps curse the son who had brought this disgrace upon them in their old age. 30 That was terrible; it made my blood run cold.
I wanted to write but I lacked the materials, and nobody came in answer to my call. So there was nothing for me but to wait, for I feit that I was entirely at the mercy of my brother-in-law, and I had already noticed long ago that he 35 was far from favourably disposed towards me.
At last, after I had passed several hours in painful uncertainty, the door of my cell was opened and a mattress with a blanket was brought me, besides a decent table and a chair. I shall (wil!) not enlarge on my state of mind during the 40 sad nights and tedious days I passed in my prison. The only diversion I had consisted in the visits of my friend, who kept me informed of my partner's condition. The wound appeared less dangerous than had been thought at first, but continual fever had weakened him very much. It was hoped 45 however, that his youth and strong constitution would pull' through. But with regard to the crime that had been committed he maintained that I was the perpetrator.
Six days after my arrest I was sitting disconsolately at my 50 table in the afternoon, thinking of my friends at home, when all at once I heard the bolts of my prison-door drawn aside.



I rose somewhat surprised, for this was not the hour at which I could expect a visit; the door opened, somebody entered hastily, and I took a step backward in (with) surprise; when 55 I recognized the person who entered.
2. What is a three-foot rule?
4. What is broken meat?
U. Difference between all at once and at once.
15. Noun derived from to acquit. Opposite.
17. What is to convict, a convict? Doublé meaning of conviction.
20. Why is to shock wrong?
21. What is a criminal? Definition in English.
22. Difference between grief and grievance.
26. When is else used instead of other?
29. Other expression for old age. What is dotage?
30. Other expression for it made my blood run cold.
31. Why arelwouldwriteand to miss wrong? — Meaning of: I lacked the means.
35. Meaning of to dispose of. Difference between disposal and disposition.
40. Translate: Ik verveel mij.
41. Consist of (in): difference.
54. Difference between hastily and hurriedly.
36. Why not after passing?
45. Why is should pull wrong?
51. Why is it not draw?
53. Why not might?
54. Why not hastily entered?
1. How is comfortable pronounced?
3. Other words pronounced like bare.
4. Other word pronounced like break. When is ea pronounced ei?
11. Pronunciation of ths in truths. Rule. — When is oo pronounced as in stood?
30. According to what rule has terrible the e-sound, and not \ d:?



31. Phonetic transcription of wanted. Account for the pronunciation. — Two words pronounced like write. 52. Other words besides hour in which initial h is silent.
1910.
"If you travel second class, you may (must) not come here , said the steward, handing the lad his ticket. "That way!" and he gave him a slight push to make his meaning quite clear [to him],
5 Philip feit as if he was being sent away, and in spite of himself he blushed with shame, and looked round to see if any one had witnessed this humiliation.
Nobody had seen it except a thin (lean), pale-faced man who stood there motionless looking at the passengers walkine 10 to and fro on deck.
"I didn't know I wasn't allowed to go there", said Philip, in order to justify his behaviour before the only witness. The lean man, smiling faintly, shrugged his shoulders, which might as well mean that this was altogether indifferent to 15 him, as that the steward was a fooi to notice (mind) such things.
"So many people travel first class, who have no business to be there", he muttered half-Ioud.
"Have you any idea at what time we shall arrivé?" asked 20 Philip, to continue the conversation; but whether the other did not like to have a chat, or whether he really had not understood the question, or else thought it too insignificant, he gave no answer and turned round, now directing his searching look to a little group of passengers who were 25 making themselves comfortable on deck.
Again a feeling (sense) of shame seized Philip. He realized that he had once more cut a foolish figure and given a proof of inexperience by addressing a stranger a second time, whereas he had scarcely received an answer to his first 30 words. He walked farther, but found nobody towards whom he feit attracted. AI1 belonged to a different station in life,



and were too busy to occupy themselves with the seventeenyear-old youth who, now that he moved in a strange world for the first time, longed to communicate his impressions and 35 ask for information. So he returned to the man whom he had addressed first, and who, in the same attitude as before, watched the cook preparing lunch for some passenger or other.
Philip went and stood beside the thin man, and looked 40 on like him at the making of the coffee and the buttering of the rolls; but when he got tired of this and was about to make a remark, the stranger sauntered away and stationed himself near the engine.
Philip understood that there was nothing for it but to 45 resign himself to the circumstances, sat down on a seat, and began to reflect on the object of his journey, but in another state of mind than he had been in hitherto. He already longed to go back to the quiet little village, where all his comrades looked up to him, while here he was not [even] thought 50 worthy of being looked at, much less spoken to or even answered.
Gradually it became scorching hot on deck, and Philip envied the first class passengers, who could sit in the shade.
1. To travel, to journey, to voyage. To travel by train, steamer, on foot. Traveller, pedestrian. Other words connected with travelling. What is a journeynian?
5. Weggejaagd worden (van school, uit het leger).
6. Other uses of with. — Other meaning of shame. — Other word for if.
7. Had been a witness to.
10. Other expression for to and fro.
19. Translate: Hoe laat moeten wij aankomen?
24. What are foot-passengers?
29. A substitute for whereas?
40. He knows on which side his bread is buttered. He looks as if butter would not melt in his mouth. Fine words butter no parsnips.
41. On the point of making an observation.



45. Reconcile himself to his position.
47. Tilt now.
JL Wïy Jm,e qUiet vi"a^e? - Difference between village and pansh. What are the inhabitants of each called?
50. Worthy to be looked at. Worth looking at.
5 Why is the Progressive Form used?
7. Why not some one?
35. When is information used in the plural?
52. Account for the form scorching hot.
2. How many sounds are there in steward?
j Difference between the vowel in push and in blue.
17. Different ways of pronouncing eo in English.
24. When is ear pronounced as in search, and when not?
41. When is oll not pronounced as in roll?
50. Rule for the voiced th in worthy.
51. How many sounds are there in answered?
r3> a T ,th6 difference in the vowel of hot and Dutch pon And of deck and Dutch dek?
1911.
To-day we commemorate the birthday of an unusually strong old man, who, in spite of his great age, is still an indefatigable horseman, sportsman, and mountaineer, and who by his snnple manner of living has preserved his health and cheerfulness. Whether he is a great man we will not trv to rnake out, but a good man he certainly is.
His father, King Lewis I. of Bavaria, quite the reverse of his predecessor, the careless, extravagant Maximilian, gave up a!l superfluous luxury, dismissed most of his attendants 10 and set an example of simplicity and economy, even in his' clothes, which he wore till they were quite threadbare He could look so untidy that once some one who met him in the square before the palace asked him whether he happened to belong to the King's suite, to which he wittily



15 replied: "Yes, 1 shave His Majesty." Which was quite true, as he was accustomed to shave himself.
But Lewis I. was also a worker, such as is rarely found among crowned heads. Working was his delight. He worked harder than any of his functionaries, and by his example he 20 also inspired his people with a desire to use their time well. And in his care even for the smallest things he frequently surpassed Napoleon.
Of this Lewis, Luitpold, who as Prince-Regent of Bavaria celebrates his ninetieth birthday to-day, was the third son. It 25 was not to be expected that he would ever be called upon to reign. When he was born, his grandfather was still living; and a numerous offspring brought joy and happiness into the house of the crown-prince. Thus the part of a younger son was reserved for Luitpold; under the supervision of his father 30 he received a good education, studied classical and modern languages, mathematics and philosophy, music and drawing; nor was his military education neglected.
"Tf he could not be the first in Bavaria, he would at least be the first in his regiment; therefore, he applied himself 35 with great devotion to the military service. Notwithstanding his captain's rank, which had been bestowed on him at the age of seven, he served as a common soldier, and even stood sentinel before the house of the commander of triêTgarrison.
Calmly and quietly, desiring no praise, Luitpold followed 40 his father's example: every morning before dawn he was out of bed, and from his healthy, regular manner of living, from his love of exercise in the open air and of all sorts of sport, he acquired the health which even now enables him to look back to (upon) his past life with satisfaction.
45 When in 1849 the revolution broke out, Lewis abdicated in favour of his eldest son Maximilian. To him Luitpold was more than a brother; he was his friend and counsellor. The good that was done during his reign, was in a great measure owing to the influence of Luitpold. To all appearance he only 50 performed his military duties, but in reality he was the good genius of his brother, who then already showed symptoms of a mental disease which afterwards proved incurable.



8 What is an extravagant man called in one word. 9. Noun corresponding to superfluous. — Difference between to dismiss and to discard.
14. He also belonged has quite a different meaning. — Different meanings of suite? And of suit?
15 Meaning of shavings, a close shave, a young shaver. 
When is to shear used?
20. Adjective connected with people.
26. Difference between to reign and to govern. — What is a queen regnant? — Difference between born and borne.
43. What is an acquisition? — Why is makes that he can look wrong?
47. Difference between counsel and council, counsellor and councillor. — Also between counsel and advice.
51. Meaning of genial, ingenieus, ingenuous, ingenuity, ingenuousness.
6. Why is certainly placed before is?
11. Why is the comma required before which? How many kinds of relative clauses are there? — Analyse the sentence beginning with He could.
25. When is the passive voice after to be, as in it was to be expected, not used? — Why not should?
33. The article before first may be omitted in both cases.
34. When is to apply not used reflectively?
51. Plural of genius in its different meanings.
5. Two pronunciations of whether.
7. Pronunciation of Lewis and Louis.
9. Difference in the pronunciation of luxury and luxurious. — How is s pronounced in the prefix dis? 14. Pronunciation of suite and of suit.
38. Pronunciation of garrison.



1912.
The Countess feil back in the beautifully carved oak[enj chair, and soon seemed lost in deep meditation. She may have been about forty years old, but her prematurely grey hair and a few deep lines in her forehead bespoke years 5 that counted doublé; days of care and sorrow, whose bitterness had been forgotten, indeed, but whose indelible remembrance was clearly to be read on that face.
As before, her thoughts flew*Back again to the time, when the Count had taken the fatal resolution to leave his estate in lOGermany, and join the Standard of the Dutch rebels, deeply filled as he was with indignation at the course which events had taken. She had conjured him to give up his plan, besought him to remain, if it were only for the sake of his children, who still needed his care so very much; or, if he 15 must go, at least to embrace the good cause of the Spanish King. In vain! No tears of his wife, no smile of his children had been able to induce him to give up his plan.
Hardly could a happier marriage have been imagined than theirs. Never before that day had there been the slightest 20 cloud on the horizon of their happiness. Now there feil hard words which cut George to the soul; words which were to embitter his last moments. But hethoughthisdutycommanded him to go. He went, and never saw his wife and children again. A few months afterwards he feil by the hand of a murderer. 25 Was it a wonder that the Countess thought with much sorrow of those days? She had quite forgiven her noble husband, long before he feil. But she would so very much have liked, before it was too late, to have spoken a word of reconcilation, and ... heard it too. It would have saved her so much 30 bitterness in her future life. Perhaps she would not then have made revenge the object of her life: revenge on the murderer of her husband. For it was for this object that she had gone (come) to Holland, not long after she had received the sad tidings.
35 And musing on the past, she looked at her son, who was walking up and down the room, with his arms crossed over Eijkman, The A and B Certificates, II. 5



his breast and with bowed head. Suddenly he stopped before the Countess and said:
"When shall I at last be allowed to bear arms? If Father 40 had lived "
He did not complete the sentence, but turned round, and walked up and down the spacious room still more agitated than before. Though the Countess shuddered at the thought of giving up her only son to the perils of that eventful time, 45 she could not conceal her admiration of the tall lad who reminded her in so many respects of his father.
She realized that he was a man, that she could no longer thwart his desire of acquiring an honourable name as a soldier.
1. Difference between count and earl. Titles of the English nobility in proper order. — Difference between to carve and to cut, wood-carver and wood-cutter. Meaning of to carve (cut) meat, carving-knife (fork), carvers, to cut corn, cut your coat according to your cloth, to cut a person, to cut one's wisdom teeth, to cut a figure (a joke, capers), to cut the cards, to cut to the heart, to cut adrift, to cut one's heir off with a shilling; cut flowers, cut glass, cut and dried; a short cut, a wood-cut, a cut-purse, a cut-throat, a newspapercutting. — What is the fruit of an oak called? What is meant by heart of oak?
3. Some forty years of age is correct. — Another spelling of grey.
4. A poetical word for forehead.
15. What is an inhabitant of Spain called?
18. Difference between marriage, wedding, matrimony, and wedlock.
23. Saw ... back is also correct. Curiously enough, found back is not English.
28. When is te laat rendered by late?
29. Meanings of save and safe.
35. Meaning of to look on (for).
37. (AU) of a sudden, (all) on a sudden, all at once. At once = immediately.



41. What other meaning has sentence? What is to sentence, and what sententious?
42. To and fro [in] the spacious room.
4. When is hair used in the plural form?
5. The bitterness of which and of which the bitterness are correct, but these constructions sound awkward when followed by the indelible remembrance of which.
9. Account for the use of the pluperfect (had taken).
15. Why is moest to be rendered by must here?
17. Why is could have induced wrong?
27. Why not she had liked?
29. Why would, not should? What would should mean in this context?
2. Two pronunciations of the vowel in lost and other words.
3. Rule for the pronunciation of the vowel in old.
12. The two pronunciations and meanings of conjure.
16. The two pronunciations and meanings of tear.
39. What rule do you apply to the pronunciation of bear?
1913.
At last the so much longed for peace was to be concluded. For some weeks the two Austrian delegates had been at üdine, accompanied by Marquis de Gallo, who had been appointed adviser to the two gentlemen by the Viennese 5 Court, though he himself was no subject of the Emperor, but ambassador of Naples to the Imperial Court at Vienna.
General B. was at P.; over against the three plenipotentianes of Austria he alone had been deputed by the French Republic, and authorized to conclude peace or resume the 10 war, according as he should think advisable.
The eyes of France, indeed of all Europe, were, therefore, directed to this little spot on the confines of Germany and Italy; for there, it was expected, would the near future of



Europe be decided, and the die be cast, which would (should) 15 bring peace or war to the world.
Austria desired peace; it must desire it, as it did not feel strong enough to continue the war, and feared the injurious consequences of further defeats. But it did not want peace at any price, it wanted to profit by it; it wanted to enlarge 20 itself at the expense of Italy, of Prussia, if need be, of Germany.
And what did France want? Or rather what did general B. want? That was known to nobody except himself. Nobody was able to read his thoughts on his countenance, to infer his future actions from his ambiguous words. It was given 25 to nobody to say what B. would be at, what object his ambition had in view. For some months the negotiations of peace had been going on with Austria; for weeks together the Austrian plenipotentiaries had daily had prolonged discussions with general B., which had been alternately held 30 at P. and at U.: Austria demanded too much, and France w.ould concede too little. Often had it come to heated altercations, and often had B's eyes been seen to flash angrily, and his voice been heard to rise in thunder. But the Austrian delegates had not been disconcerted; against their impertur35 bable smiles the lightning flashes of the commander's eyes had been powerless.
To-day, the 13th of October, another conference was to be held at Count von C.'s, and it was perhaps for that reason that general B. had risen unusually early. His toilet was just 40 finished: the four valets who had assisted him with it, had accomplished their task. As usual, B. had mechanically allowed himself to be dressed by them like a child. He now motioned the valets to go away, and called in a loud voice: "B."
At once the door was opened, and a tall young man, 45 dressed after the fashion of the time, entered. B. pointed with his right hand to his writing-table, saluting his young secretary with a nod [of the head].
1. Difference between peaceful and peaceable. What is to pacify, to placate, implacable? What is a justice of the peace?



2. Why not since some weeks?
3. What is a man called who accompanies a singer on the piano?
6. An ambassador is higher in rank than a minister. Both are accredited by their government to the government of a foreign state. They both stand at the head of an embassy. — What other meanings has minister? — What is an inhabitant of Naples called? — What is an empire, in other words, why is it the British Empire, though at the head of it stands a king?
7. What would found himself mean here?
26. Difference between ambition and ambitie.
31. Nouns derived from to concede, to recede, to precede, to accede, to exceed, to proceed, to succeed.
46. A desk "may be a simple table, board, or shelf fixed at a convenient height for resting a book, etc., while reading or writing, or fitted on a small frame so as to be placed on a table, or upon a taller frame, with legs, etc., so as itself to stand on the floor, or it may be more or less elaborately provided with shelves for books, and with drawers and receptacles for papers, documents, etc., such as are required for use in a library, study, school, or office."
1. Why was to be?
2. Why had been, and not were?
3. Marquis may be preceded by the definite article. 10. Why he should?
14. The two meanings and corresponding plurals of die.— What is the slight shade of difference between would and should here?
16. Account for the use of must.
20. Occasionally written if needs be, because need is erroneously taken for a verb.
15. Why is there a difference in the vowel sound of war (warring) and warrior?
23. In what words is ough not pronounced as in thought? — Pronunciation of infer and inference, transfer and



transference eöiifer and conference, defer and deference, aiffer and difference.
24. Write in phonetic transcription the pronunciation of ambiguous and ambiguity.
26. Transcribe phonetically: negotiation, pronunciation.
31. Pronunciation of altercation.
40. Pronunciation of valet.
41. What is the rule for the pronunciation of ch in mecnamcally.
1914.
It happened at our boarding-school. John and William were orphans. Consequently every year,and so now too, the question arose for both of them, where they would spend the Christmas holidays, with relations, or at school. For John öthis question was usually solved rather favourably. If his guardian, a colonel who had been a friend of his deceased tathers could not for some reason or other accommodate is ward, there was as a rule a cousin who, though with
m h°me °f seIf-sacrifice. took pity on him, and expressed 10 lus willingness to extend hospitality to him for a fortnight
or so William, on the contrary, had nobody in the world but
one brother, who liked him very much and often invited
to come and stay with him, but, somehow, could not
exactly do as he liked. Shortly before the Christmas holidays
£> which 1 have in view, the postman brought late at night a
registered letter for William, which, indeed, contained a
banknote but at the same time opened the gloomy prospect
to him that he would have to celebrate Christmas partlv in the school-room.
20 John could not very well get on with W. He suspected him perhaps not without reason, of insincerity and mistrusted him, but his attitude changed like a leaf on a tree, when one aay m the last part of December he found William sitting disconsolately on the form, an open letter in his hand With25 out wasting a word, he took the letter which was handed



to him, read it quietly, and then said briefly: "Anyhow, you won't stay here alone, for I shan't go anywhere either now."
"But I won't have you sacrifice yourself for me."
"I should not think of such a thing. Besides, to a great 30 extent it depends upon ourselves how much we can enjoy ourselves here; perhaps more than anywhere else. I have plans enough in my head for us to have a splendid time."
They then discussed the plans one by one, and John every now and then pointed out how delightful it would be to 35 carry them out. That peculiar difficulties were connected with their plans, and that the principal of the school, if he could have guessed anything, would not have been very much pleased with them, stands to reason. But what did that matter? Before a quarter of an hour had elapsed, W. was as 40 pleased with everything as his schoolfellow. And when the day arrived, on which our boxes were fetched, and after putting on our great-coats amidst cheers, we went to the station, happy in the prospect of having nothing to do for a fortnight but to skate and go to parties, they stood arm in 45 arm on the doorstep, and they waved their handkerchiefs so gaily and sent such a hearty "Hope you'11 enjoy yourselves" after us, that we almost envied the couple.
1. What are day-boarders and parlour-boarders? County-councü schools were formerly called board-schools. Meaning of board and boarding. — Familiar pet-forms for John are Jack and Johnnie, for William, Bill and Willie. In the sameway:Richard (Dick), Edward (Ned, Ted), James (Jim), Oliver (Noll), Francis (Frank), Robert (Bob), Peter (Pete), Henry (Harry). What is meant by Tom, Dick, and Harry?
4. Why is Christmas written Xmas for short? — When is vacation preferred instead of holidays?
5. Noun corresponding with to solve. What is solvent, solvency, insolvent?
6. What other ranks in the army do you know besides that of colonel?
10. What is the literal meaning of a fortnight?



11. Difference between on the contrary and on the other hand.
/ ,414" uSh0ftly may aIso refer t0 a future time, and besides,
ït may be synonymous with concisely, briefly. Examples.
20 What is a suspect?
33. What is to discuss a beefsteak?
39. How long is a quarter (not followed by of an hour)?
42. Amidst vociferous shouts is a little Iouder, but wil! do here.
43. Some words connected with station: station-master, porter, ticket-collector, guard, engine-driver, stoker, pointsman, booking-office, platform.
47. Difference between couple and pair.
3. Why is should also correct?
16. How many sorts of relative clauses do you distinguish and which of them is it here?
27. Why shan't?
. When is to have as a full verb not followed by to? 
Why is will not contracted into won't?
37. What form of the verb is would have been pleased? — What sort of a condition is expressed by this sentence? 46. Rule for the spelling of gaily.
6. Write colonel in phonetic transcription.
21. Rule for the stress in insincerity.
26. When is a pronounced as in any? Dutch students scarcely ever pronounce this word correctly. 42. Pronunciation of great-coat.
45 Transcribe: handkerchief, and describe in detail what you do in pronouncing this word.
1915.
When after a long illness Mary's father had died, it turned out that there were hardly any means, and that she would have to try and earn her own livelihood. Nobody had sus-



pected such a thing. To judge from his style of living, which 5 was altogether in accordance with the important post that he held, he was well-to-do, and when the reverse proved to be the case, the disappointment was all the greater.
Thus it was that one morning she was seen to enter the office of a daily paper, to ask if any letters had come in lOanswer to her advertisement. She told the clerk what she wanted, and a moment afterwards she held three letters in her hand. Full of joy at this unexpected result, she opened them, and saw that there was one from an acquaintance of hers, a rich lady, who wanted a companion. She resolved 15 to call on her, though the prospect of having to present herself for a situation to her was far from agreeable.
The next day, at the appointed hour, she was standing before the stately house, and pressed the button of the electric bell. The door was opened by the footman, who, though 20 he had not seen her for some months, recognized her, and treated her with the same civility as before, which in her sad circumstances did her heart good.
Certainly, Mrs. X. was at home. Would she just wait in the Iibrary? Then he would go and ask, if his mistress could 25 receive her.
A few minutes afterwards the rustling of a woman's dress announced the approach of the mistress of the house. Unacquainted with the object of Mary's visit, she received her extremely cordially.
30 "How nice of you. I really thought you had forgotten us", she said. "Are you going to stay to lunch? No? 1 am sorry".
She told the footman to move two arm-chairs up to the fireplace, and seating herself in one of them, said to Mary: "Just come and sit down by me, and teil me how you are 35 getting on".
Somewhat bewildered by all this kindness, Mary did not know at first what to say. It was evident that Mrs. X. did not in the least suspect to what she owed Mary's visit. Ought she to teil her at once why she had called? She could not have 40 done so, even if she had wished. Mrs. X. had so much news to teil her that Mary had no opportunity to say anything. She



he[ amongst other things that she had dismissed her companion and was looking for another. At eleven o'clock she expected somebody who wished to take the vacant place. 45 "Excuse me", she said; "I just want to go and teil the footman into what room to show her".
That is not necessary," said Mary; "I am the applicant". When Mrs. X. had recovered from her astonishment, she understood that she could not possibly comply with Mary's 50 wish. She thought that she could not charge her with the work of a subordinate.
5. Difference between altogether and all together. 19. What are the duties of a footman and a butler? 47. To apply for a post. What is to apply to, and what to apply oneself to? How are applicable, application and appliance used?
48 Colloquial: had got over her astonishment.
49. Noun formed from to comply.
1. Difference between to die and to dye. Present Participles. Rule for the spelling of verbs in y and ie.
2. When is mean used as a noun?
4. What sort of a present participle is judging in iudginv from his style of living?
7. What part of speech is the in the greater?
9. Why any letters? What would some mean here?
17. Why is the Progressive Form permissible here.
30. When may the conjunction that be omitted?
38. Why not must?
39. Meaning of she had not been able to do so.
46 Would which be wrong?
1. Pronunciation of father and farther.
10 Pronunciation of advertisement and the corresponding verb. — When is er pronounced as in clerk.
27. When is oa not pronounced as in approach? Difference in pronunciation between house and to house.



42. Transcribe other.
51. When is the ending ate not pronounced as in subordinate?
1916.
Not far from the narrow path leading [straight] across the heath to the village of H., there lived some time ago an old woman who was known to every one in the neighbourhood as "the witch". She lived in a little brick house with a 5 thatched roof. It was a little dilapidated, indeed, but still much more comfortable than the cottages of the farmlabourers, about a score of which was scattered over the heath.
For years the house had been vacant; no labourer had lOeven so much as thought of hiring it. The former (last) tenant had been a singular man, and queer things were told about (of) him. A peasant who had peeped through a chink in the shutters, had seen him reading [in] a thick book at dead of night, and what was still more curious, like a child 15 he used to run after butterflies and gather flowers on the heath; he also used to carry home all sorts of poisonous animals, even including snakes, in his big coat-pocket. This had been enough for the superstitious peasants to give him a wide berth and to whisper all sorts of evil of him behind his 20 back.
Once in a severe winter, when for days no smoke had risen from the chimney and the shutters had remained closed, his neighbour went for the police. The old man was found dead in his bed. After the burial the house was shut up, and every25 thing in it was left as it was. The children kept at a distance from the haunted house, the older people cast a stealthy look at it in passing, but they preferred not to speak about it; till one fine morning, to the great astonishment of everybody, the shutters were open. That same morning the peasants saw her 30 for the first time, thin and bent with age, her face weatherbeaten and wrinkled. Whether it was owing to her looks or



e'se to the circumstance that she appeared so suddenly, I do
not know, but from that very moment she was called "the witch".
35 I remember quite well how frightened I was, when I saw her standing before me for the first time, a little less than twenty years ago. At that time I used to walFèarTy in the morning across the heath to H., every two or three weeks to return towards [the] evening. Whenever in summer I had 40 time to spare, I used regularly to sit down and eat my bread and butter at the side of a little lake on the heath, where I knew there grew some pretty flowers. Once I was sitting there towards twilight, and fancied that I was all alone on the heath. I was absorbed in a book, trying to find the name 45 of a little flower. Very likely I had been thinking aloud; for all of a sudden I heard close to me a shrill voice saying- "No my friend, you are quite out. Shall I assist you?"
2 Another name for the plant called heath. Dutch for the plant-names broom and gorse. Difference between a broom and a besom.
4. The masculine of witch.
7. Difference between to scatter and to disperse. What is to shatter?
15. To gather may be said of one flower: to gather a rose
19. Different meanings of berth.
24. What words connected with a burial do you know?
25. What would was let mean here?
26. What is a haunt?
27. What is to prefer a request?
44. Noun formed from to absorb. — Other meaning of to try. Meanings of trial.
45. What is a likely customer?
47. Note: my friends at home, to befriend. A friend in need is a friend indeed. Difference between friendship and am'ty, friendly and amicable.
14. Would which be wrong? 18. Why had been?



26. Difference between older and elder, oldest and eldest.
28./ Why is the auxiliary do not used?
37: Why not I would walk?
44. Analyse: I was absorbed, etc.
47. When is will I used in questions?
1. Rule for the pronunciation of path and paths. 14. What sounds do you pronounce in curious? — In what different ways is children pronounced? 26. Pronunciation of haunted. Rule.
44. Transcribe absorb, and describe in detail how it is pronounced.
47. When is ie not pronounced as in friend?
1917.
When old Mr. Jansen had sold his factory and his country-seat, and had consequently severed all [the] ties that bound him to the village, he went to Amsterdam, and hired splendidly furnished apartments there in the busiest 5 part of the town. It is a bad thing if (when) old people suddenly change their way of living. It is as if, feeling their end approach, they want to view another side of life than they have seen hitherto, and as if they repent of the way in which they have spent the years lying behind them. They 10 want to make up for lost opportunities (time). This was the case with Mr. Jansen too. Formerly he did not think of recreation, and never longed for any change in his busy life; he now lived for pleasure alone, and did not trouble himself about business any more. He, who used to get up at 15 the same time as his factory-hands, and to be already in bed while most of them were still at the public-house, now slept till ten o'clock, and visited cafés and theatres; he played his game of dominoes at his club, and had already more than onceacceptedinvitationsfromclub-friends, to whose relations 20 he was exhibited as a millionaire then. An octogenarian mil-



lionaire without [a] wife or children, and, as far as was known, without any other relatives! A few of those with whom he got into contact would wonder whether there would not be a chance of getting something out of him. It was not 25 quite clear to them in what way; but still the idea was so natural, just as natural as the question: What use are his life and his money to old Jansen? It seems difficult for people to realize that a man of eighty years [old] likes as little to part with life as a young man of twenty. And Jansen had no desire 30 at all, nor any intention, to part with it. Even less now than when he still made and sold bricks. The thought that it must happen one day he carefully banished from his mind, and an allusion to it was the only thing that he took in bad part. One could never please him better than by speaking about things 35 that must take place in ten or twenty years, and by representing them as if he would witness them.
Now, however, on this Christmas-day, there was something that depressed him. A feeling of dissatisfaction came instead of the complacency with which he usually viewed his altered 40 circumstances. He had risen late, and was sitting by his redhot stove, staring at the snow-flakes which were descending slowly. He wondered what might be the cause of his dejection, and thought long about it without succeeding in finding a plausible explanation for it.
1. What is you are sold! What a shell! — Manufactory. Note the spelling of manufacture, e.g. manufacturing town.
2. Other meanings of tie.
8. Adjective and noun derived from to repent. Difference between to repent and to relent.
12. Active. What is active service of a soldier. 16. What is an inn, a tavern, a beer-shop?
18 Other meaning of domino.
28. Many people prefer the spelling realize to realise. 31. Difference between bricklayer and mason. Meaning of you are a brick! What is a box of bricks?
43. Other meaning of to succeed. Doublé meaning of



succession: five times in succession, the Spanish War of Succession.
44. Difference between plausible and specious.
1. The insertion of the article before old is not a mistake. Plural of Mr., Mrs., and Miss before a proper name.
10. Why not will?
22 Why not a few of them?
23. Account for the use of would after whether.
26. Why not which?
27. Here the article before old would not be used. Cf. 1. 31. Account for the use of must.
33. What is the exact meaning of one here?
36. Why not should?
42. Would could be wrong?
43. After to succeed the construction with in is required.
14. Transcribe business.
17. In how many ways is theatre pronounced? 26. How is natural occasionally pronounced, especially in affected speech?
39. Pronunciation of complacency.
1918.
Grandmother's Vases.
John's mother had early [in Iife] become a widow. Her husband had been porter (doorkeeper) at a town-hall. With his income they had just managed to make [the two] ends meet, and at his death she had been left behind without 5 [any] means [of subsistence]. But she had been (was) young then, and full of courage, and she had always succeeded in earning enough for herself and her only child. At present, now that her boy was grown up, this was no longer necessary; he could now provide for his mother, and she was 10 proud of it.
She had a little grocer's shop at the corner of two narrow



little streets in a poor and populous neighbourhood. Her little house iooked dilapidated. As soon as one had crossed the threshold, one was struck, however, by the order and clean15 ness that prevailed within. The scales and other brass objects in the shop, the furniture in the living-room behind it — everything shone, and there was not a speek of dust to be seen anywhere, so that one almost forgot how humble, not to say shabby, the house looked in reality. The 20 large mirror, however, with the gilt frame, and the bunches of grapes painted on the glass, which was dull and full of stains, seemed to point to former prosperity. But what attracted the visitor's attention still more, were (was) two blue china vases with many-coloured butterflies on them, 25 which were standing on the mantelshelf. They were not at all damaged, and evidently old; as the good woman had been assured more than once, they were worth a great deal of money. They were Grandmother's vases. When John was still young, his mother sometimes used them to keep him 30 quiet; when he sat in his little chair, she would place them before him on the table, but, of course, so far away from him that they were beyond his reach. Yet this proved to be dangerous now and then; it is surprising how such a little scamp will manage to get hold of a thing that has awakened 35 his desire.
When John had grown older, she often told him of Grandmother.
Grandmother's parents had been rich; when a child, she had driven in a carriage and pair, with a coachman in Iivery 40 on the box, and she used to have a maid all to herself. But afterwards her parents had all at once become poor. Her father had been security for his half-brother, a banker, who had on one occasion wanted a great deal of money, to prevent his being put in prison. John's mother did not know 45 exactly how it all [had] happened; she only knew that, when this half-brother was to pay back the money he had borrowed, it turned out that he had taken French leave, and that Grandmother's father had been obliged to pay all his debts. Grandmother's parents had taken this so much to heart that they



50 had died of grief within a short time of each other. Grandmother had been brought up by a distant relation, and had afterwards become a lady's maid, but she had always kept the beautiful mirror and the vases.
1. Meaning of: That hat becomes you.
4. To be in at the death. The wages of sin is death. To put to death. He will be the death of me. Tired to death. It is assureas death. Death-duties. Death-roll. Difference between deadly, deathly, and mortal. Dead-beat. A dead heat. The dead-letter office. That law has become a dead letter. Affairs are at a dead-lock. He is a dead shot. It deadens the sound.
6. What is Dutch courage?
10. Difference between proud and haughty. Pride has a fall. To pride oneself on. To take a pride in.
11. What is grocery? Greengrocer.
14. Cleanliness is next to godliness. Clean-shaven. 1 had clean forgotten it.
16. Difference between a shop and a warehouse. To talk shop.
21. What is grape-fruit?
22. To prosper. Prosperous.
27. Difference between a great many and a good many, a great deal and a good deal.
33. Why not so little a scamp?
39. A carriage and single. A coach and four.
41. What is a pauper?
46. He who goes a-borrowing goes a-sorrowing.
49. Difference between to take to heart and to have at heart.
1. As a rule the feminine is formed from the masculine. Exceptions are widow and bride. The reason is that these words were formerly of common gender. What is a grasswidow.
22. Is which wrong?
28. Why not it were?
30. Why would?
Eijkman, The A and B Certificates, II. 6



34. Meaning of will.
46. Why was to?
1. Pronunciation of vase. — Various ways of pronouncing widow.
14. Pronunciation of the adverb cleanly and the adjective cleanly.
43. According to what rule is the vowel in want pronounced as in clock?
48. Rule for the pronunciation of debt.
1919.
Whenever, during my stay in the East-Indies, 1 thought of what 1 should do, when I was going on leave to Holland, one of the plans that had a special charm for me was to pay a visit to the little town where my father had long been 5 a minister, and where I had been born and had passed my boyhood. After my arrival in Holland I was detained by business in Amsterdam for six months, but at last I could carry out my long cherished intention, and one fine day I started for my native town.
10 After getting out at the station, I bent my steps to the main street, which to my great disappointment was altogether different from what 1 remembered of it. Nearly all the antique house-fronts, which formerly gave such a picturesque aspect to the little town, had disappeared, and had been replaced 15 by modern buildings. Then 1 took the way to the harbour, where 1 had so often rowed with friends. It was so full of vessels now that it would be much too dangerous to let children play there, as we had been allowed to do. Here, too, I could not help regretting that so little was left of what 20 used to attract me. I had a great mind to leave the [little] town by the first train I could catch; first 1 wanted to see, though, what had become of the parsonage, which had been situated at the other end of the town about a mile's walk from the harbour. At first it seemed that no new



25 disappointment awaited me there. The broad avenue, flanked by stately beeches and chestnut-trees, which led to it, had remained the same. After walking for about five minutes, I came to the wooden gate that gave entrance to the extensive garden before the house. How my companions had 30 enjoyed themselves, when they had permission to play with me in it to their hearts' content, for a garden of that size was nowhere else to be found in the town. The summer-house, in which I always did my home-tasks in summer, was no longer there; the whole made a Iess rural impression, though 35 I could not exactly say what that was owing to. I ventured to enter the garden with the thought that, if I should happen to meet any one, it would be a sufficiënt excuse if I said that this had been my parental home. Of the house, however, I saw litttle as yet, it being entirely hidden behind spreading 40 lime-trees. I went past splendid flower-beds, along waving paths, and came finally to ....
What a disillusion! Instead of the ivy-grown parsonage so dear to me, there stood a new villa built of red brick there. This was more than 1 could bear. I cast no more than a single 45 look at the splendid building, turned round, and hastened back to the station.
1. Difference between India and Indian as adjectives. The East India Company.
3. Difference between specially and especially.
4. When is township used?
5. Difference between to minister and to administer.
6 Different stages of youth: babyhood, childhood, boyhood, adolescence (adulthood is rarely used). — Noun derived from to detain.
9. Difference between natives and aborigines. What is the Nativity?
11. The main mast, the main sail, the main deck, the mainstay, the mainland, the main sea, the main, with an eye to the main chance, with might and main, by main force, the main point. The mainspring, in the main. To maintain, maintainable, maintenance.



13. What is a gable? And a corbie-gable?
14. Difference betvveen to replace by and to substitute for.
15. What is a harbour-bar, what to harbour?
19. Meaning of: I won'tgo there, if I can help it.
22. Difference between parsonage, rectory, and vicarage.
23. Howlongisamile, a yard, an inch? When is ell used?
25. Difference between broad and wide.
26. Difference between beech and beach. Beech-nut, copper beech, weeping beech; beach chair, beach-comber.— Horse chestnut, sweet (or Spanish) chestnut. To take the chestnuts out of the fire. Other meaning of a chestnut.
28. Difference between entrance and entry.
38. Difference between to be at home and to be home. What is raeant by home counties, home industries, Home Office, home-made, home-brewn, home-thrust, home-sick, the verb to home, homing pigeons.
4. Why not paying?
11. What sort of relative clause follows street? And parsonage in line 22?
13. What is meant by aspect in grammar?
14. Why not were replaced?
18. Why not might have done?
19. What sort of ing-form is regretting here? Why is it used?
32. Why is the comrrja required after summer-house?
36. What is the function of should?
37. Why not some one?
39. What construction is: it being entirely hidden, and in what relation does it stand to the rest of the sentence?
42. Why the article before disillusion? — Why not the to me so dear ivy-grown parsonage?
5. Is there a difference in the pronunciation of born and borne?
9. Pronunciation of aborigine (mostly used in the plural: aborigines).
12. How is antique pronounced, and antiquity?



13. Pronunciation of picturesque and other words in esque.
16. Note the pronunciation of rowed, road, and rode. 27. Different meanings and pronunciations of minute. 44. Words pronounced the same as bear? Their spelling and meaning.
1920.
On one of the upper floors of the high house over the way there lived long ago a middle-aged lady, who never received any visits, and accordingly seemed to have no relations or acquaintances. By far the greater part of the day she spent 5 in her room. Whenever I asked the other occupants of the house about her, the answer was that she had no intercourse with any one, and as none of my friends knew anything about her either, my curiosity remained unsatisfied.
How often did I not watch her unnoticed, when, with her lOstill charming figure, in her grey dress and with her snowwhite cap on her neatly parted hair, she sat reading the paper or was doing her knitting at the window. And rarely did I do so without feeling pity for the lonely woman rise in me.
15 One evening in the middle of summer I had gone to the churchyard to lay a wreath on the grave of a friend. It was quiet and still there. Not a living being was to be seen. In the morning there had been a thunderstorm, and the air was delightfully fresh. Everywhere there were roses in full bloom, 20 which spread their delicious odour about. I sat down on a bench, and bëgan to muse on the enjoyments of life and the terrors of death. What a contrast!
•And involuntarily I began to think of my neighbour, whose life seemed to be sad, at least monotonous. I was disturbed 25 in my reflections by the sound of footsteps. Looking round, I saw the person of whom I was just thinking disappear behind the trees. As I hoped to have an opportunity now of getting into contact with her, I followed cautiously in the direction she had taken. Presently I saw her kneeling motion-



30 Iess before a grave totally overgrown with ivy. I hid behind the trunk of a beech, till she rose and went away, her eyes fixed on the ground.
When she was gone, I went to the grave, and bending forward, I read on the stone the name of an officer who had 35 died young. On going away, I trod on something hard, which I picked up. It was a little, old, worn, leather-bound book. I opened it, and read in almost illegible gilt letters the same name as I had found on the stone. From this I inferred that my neighbour must have lost it. Absorbed in thought, I 40 returned home.
What should I do with the little book? Pack it up and send it to her, or take it to her myself? The choice was not difficult. I availed myself of the opportunity to make her acquaintance, and have never regretted it.
1. What is ground-floor, basement, area, garret, attic, loft?
11. His hair is parted in the middle, at the side.
12. To knit one's brows. Knitting-needles. 16. Grave-stone. What is a head-stone?
18. Thunder and lightning. Sheet-lightning; forked lightning. Thunder-clap; thunder-bolt; flash of lightning. A bolt from the blue.
21. What is the Bench? A carpenter's bench.
31. What is to see eye to eye with another? The eye of a needie; to be all eyes; he is up to the eyes in work; an eye-opener; all my eye and Betty Martin; to keep an eye on; to throw dust in the eyes of; bull's eye; she is the apple of my eye; hook and eye; my eye! to eye.
34. Other meanings of officer.
37. What is eligible and ineligible? — Difference between He uses the same book as (that) I do.
38. Noun formed from to infer.
11. What form is reading?
13. Why the inversion?
22. Why the article before contrast?
23. What sort of a relative clause is whose life, etc.?



26. Why not disappearing?
31. What construction is her eyes fixed on the ground?
39. Why must?
13. Pronunciation of woman and women.
16. Pronunciation of wreath and wreaths.
22. Difference in the pronunciation of contrast and to con
trast. Other pairs.
31. Words pronounced like eye.
36. Rule for the pronuncitation of words like old.
1921.
We now avail ourselves of the novel-writer's privilege, and again skip some unimportant years in silence, in order to come to an incident which occurred, when John was sixteen years old, and which had a greater influence on his subse5 quent career than could have been expected of it at first.
Though John was already a trained horseman at that age, he knew no greater pleasure than to go out shooting in the surrounding fields, only accompanied by his faithful dog. Then he would sally forth from the castle at sunrise, often 10 not to return to it till towards nightfall, with a full game-bag. He was himself unwearied, and indeed it was only out of solicitude for his beloved dog that from time to time he sat down for a moment, to share his bread and butter with the animal, or to give it an opportunity to have a drink before 15 proceeding on his way.
One day he was returning homeward -across the heath, loaded with game and humming merrily. It was one of those beautiful autumn evenings, when the sky is coloured with the most glorious variations of gold and red. The heather was in 20 full bloom and filled the air with the sweetest odours. A solemn silence prevailed all around, only interrupted by the soughing of the soft evening breeze, the distant lowing of the cattle returning to their sheds, and the monotonous sound



of the tinkling bells of the flocks of sheep From th* 25 green of (he trees i„ ,he dis.ance the churlst^le wi.h t
J° ° ®p,re rose Pro"d a,"l Stately, and behind it the eve discerned the roofs of the ducal castle. Before him the RhiL
fS, rcet:r,lthr°U?h ricf! meadows or fertile orchards, and reflected like a mirror the beautiful sky
30 r ?TïVe\ °fte" j0hn had viewed this magnificent scene
he JhnY Ze7 tlme " 6XCited his adm'™tion anew For he who loves Nature can never enjoy its beauty enoueh and
Sr™whlch"makes °n his s^4"r
35fpJ"\°!Untan'Iy J°Lhn st°PPed on the slope of the hill to ï 5'S.eyes 011 the g'on'ous spectacle. On!y the sounds de
rifr a"d thefSTke rising in f!itt,el 'ight-blue clouds
rnearnesslmo?ran lthCt ^ ^ vi»age announced An h 6 . arness °f man- Lost m admiration and rapture he feit 0 deeply moved, when the unexpected appearance of an aD proaching carriage gave another turn to his thoughts and made him wonder who came thus to disturb him in hi* .01,(«de 1( was „o( long before the veWcle tawó by w
45 was'TlandTnp ï?"" S'°W'|' d'ivinK UP the 1,111 "hich john 45 was standing. It was a splendid carriage with a coat nf LJ1
painted on (he doors, and on (he box%e"fc(he coach ™„ .a( a page, ertirely (closely) wrapped in a viole( cS against the cold evening air.
1. Difference between novel and romance 3. Wh at is coincidence?
6. What are horse, and Hght horse? Clothes-horse njoort the high horse, (o pu( the cart betore te h°"e to
n«h 3 hLT *?* m0a,l,' to break a »«<*■ hora'
flesh, horse-play, horse-radish, horse-shoe horse-nnnH
,o sh,rt (iock>* 8t"''
.po'rjr - «"»« be(ween
- Di"erenM —*



10. Small-game, large game, game-keeper, game-preserves, game-laws, game-cock.
16. As to the suffixes -ward and -wards the N. O. D. says:
"The two forms are so nearly synonymous that the choice between them is mostly determined by some notion of euphony in the particular context; some persons, apparently, have a fixed preference for the one or the other form. Sometimes, however, the difference in the form of the suffix corresponds to a difference in the shade of meaning conveyed, though it would not be possible to give any general rule that would be universally accepted. Where the meaning to be expressed includes the notion of manner as well as direction of movement, -wards is required, as in 'to walk backwards', 'to write backwards'. In other instances the distinction seems to be that -wards is used when the adv. is meant to express a definite direction in contrast with other directions: thus we say 'it is moving forwards if it is moving at all', but 'to come forward', not 'forwards'; so 'to travel eastward' expresses generally the notion of travelling in the direction of an eastern goal, 'to travel eastwards' implies that the direction is thought of as contrasted with other possible directions. Hence -wards seems to have an air of precision which has caused it to be avoided in poetical use. There appears to be no appreciable difference in meaning between the prepositions 'toward' and 'towards'; the latter is now, at least in British use, more common colloquially".
23. There is no collective noun in English answering to our Dutch vee. — Cow-shed or cow-house; stable for horses; coach-house for carriages; sheep-fold for sheep.
37, 38. Why the different places of little?
47. When is mantle used? When is it usually spelt mantel?
3. The relative pronoun that is sometimes called a conjunction (See on the origin of the anapl.oric relative that, English Studies, VI, 141—144, 1924).
5. Other case in which a sentence has no subject. — Difference between could and might. Why not one had been able to?



7. Is shooting a gerund or a present participle? — Why not going out?
9. Meaning of would.
29. Sky admits of the plural, because originally it meant cloud.
32. May he be omitted?
41. Why cannot to be omitted?
43. Why is it did not last long wrong?
1. According to what rule ought there to be no glide in the pronunciation of Iv in ourselves? What do you know about the pronunciation of the final s in this word? — Difference between the pronunciatioin of stressed our and the first syllable of ourselves. How is this word spelt in narrow Romic (= all the details of the pronunciation expressed in the transcription).
5. Pronunciation of words ending in -eer, like career.
19. Erica has the stress on the second syllable, clematis on the first.
22. How is sough pronounced?
27. Pronunciation of dlscern.
1922.
It has always been one of my brother-in-law's most fervent wishes to make a [sea-]voyage to the fEast] Indies in one of the large Dutch mail-steamers. It is most improbable that this wish will ever be fulfilled. If he resolved to go now, 5 he would have to give up his post without being entitled to a pension, seeing that, humanly speaking, his health will enable him to do for many years more the work connected with his postmastership. And at the age of sixty-five he will perhaps think to himself that he had better stay quietly at home, 10 apart from the question whether he would be able to persuade his wife, who has been his inseparable travellingcompanion on all his holiday trips, to accompany him. Life on board such a large, floating hotel as modern



mail-steamers are, seems exceedingly delightful to him. 15 He is passionately fond of the sea, perhaps because he was born in a little village on the Dutch coast. He remeinbers vividly how, seated on a dune, he would for hours together gaze at the waves breaking on the beach, or at the distant horizon, where novv and then a sail or a cloud of smoke of a 20 passing ship became visible. He always had much difficulty in tearing himself away from this seemingly monotonous, but in reality ever varying spectacle, and when at length he turned his back upon the sea, he feit as if he had taken leave of a dear friend. Why then did not he become a sailor? you 25 will ask. If he could have had his own way, he would undoubtedly have gone to sea, üke many of his schoolfellows, even when it appeared that there were some colours he could not distinguish sufficiently, which would have prevented him from rising to the rank of mate or captain. His father, how30 ever, raised so many objections, and the very thought of it grieved his mother so much that for their sakes he chose a profession that could never expose him to the dangers of a sailor's life. Every year he has a month's holiday, which he spends preferably at one of our quiet seaside places. 35 But it would be the height of enjoyment to him to make a voyage of some weeks as a first class passenger on (of) one of the splendidly appointed steamers of our big shipping companies. In beautiful weather he would sit on deck all day, inhaling the fresh sea-air, talking pleasantly with his fellow40 passengers, reading a favourite author, and very often gazing dreamily into the distance. In stormy weather he would stay on deck and watch with awe the gigantic waves. He would not fear them: he has known them since his youth; he would feel as safe as at home in his sitting-room.
2. When is to take a journey used? To take a walk, a stroll, a turn, a drive, a ride; to make a journey, a voyage; to make (take) a trip.
3. Dutch cheese; I am a Outchman if 1 know; a Dutch oven; talk to a person like a Dutch uncle; Dutch courage; a Dutch auction; doublé Dutch.



5. Other meaning of entitled.
6. To retire with a pension; to be pensioned off.
17. What are downs?
18. What are breakers? What is the surge?
29. From may be omitted.
42. Note the spelling of awe and awful. — To stand in awe of; to inspire with awe. — What are billows?
1. Why not was?
4. Why not should be fulfilled. — Mocht besluiten is not quite correct; it should be besloot, unless the following zou were changed into zal. Why is might at any rate wrong? What is the difference in meaning between If he resolved and if he should resolve?
5. Why would?
6. Pension requires the indefinite article. — Why the present participle here (speaking)?
10. Why would?
13. Why life and modern mail-steamers without the article?
24. Why not has not he?
27. Why is it required?
28. Why is what wrong?
43. Knows is wrong. Why?
1. Always is usually pronounced 'o-.lwtz. It is a common mistake made by Dutch people to pronounce this word in the same way, when they lay equal stress on both syllables. This is of course wrong. It should be: 'o:l'weiz, e.g. du ju 'o:lwiz spijk 'iqglü ? — not 'o. l'weiz. — When is medial th (as in brother) voiced, and when voiceless (as in author)?
4. Difference in pronunciation between full and fooi. — Other pairs of words like resolve and re-solve, resign and re-sign. Rule with exceptions.
5. Rule for the pronunciation of -ost as in post, lost, etc.
6. Pronunciation of human and other words beginnine with h.
10. Other words pronounced like whether.



21. Other meaning and pronunciation of tear. Other spelling and meaning of tzd.
35. Pronunciation of eight in such words als eight, height, sleight, weight, etc.
40. Where is the stress in fellow-passenger?
1923.
The citizen of a university town, at least he who at the beginning of the long vacation places a notice before his windows that he has apartments to let, can scarcely be considered lord and master of his own house during nine months 5 out of the twelve. For the student, occasionally the officer, has taken possession of the most beautiful room. He it is who attracts the attention of neighbours and passers-by, who sits before tne wide open window, who goes in and out, who has the latch-key in his pocket, and receives his friends and 10 acquaintances in his room. He is, in a word, number one, while the owner has to be modestly satisfied with a small sitting-room at the back of the house, or a small bed-room in the attic.
We request the kind reader to follow us to such a student's 15 room, though the way to it is anything but easy or agreeable. For we must first pass through a narrow passage, where a small wooden threshold causes great danger, unless we observe the utmost caution. Then we come to a dark staircase, which in the daytime is dimly lighted by a small 20 window that looks out upon the passage, but where in the evening complete darkness prevails, so that the stranger ascends the stairs only with the greatest peril. Besides, the stairs are worn, and not but with the greatest difficulty do we reach the landing, after knocking our heads 25 three or four times against all sorts of unexpected corners and beams. After rubbing our heads for a few moments to alleviate the pain, we go on, come for the second time in disagreeable contact with a small threshold, as treacherous as the first, and are at last standing before a door which



30 opens very easily and without the least noise, but which we can only shut again after slamming it two or three times. We have entered the study of Mr. William Boll, student of theology. Let us just look round in the absence of the inmate. It is evening and the two sash windows are 35 closed with heavy shutters which want painting very badly.
On the wall hangs, fastened with pins, a series of portraits of literary celebrities of the day, as, Goethe, Borger and Byron, and between them appear the grave faces of some professors of theology. On the opposite side the wall is 40 adorned with a dozen long clay pipes and a small paintless bookcase, on the upper shelves of which are arranged the books of the future clergyman, while the lower shelves do duty as a wine-cellar.
9 What is a latch? - I am 10 s. in pocket (out of pocket); to be low in pocket; out-of-pocket expenses; she has him in her pocket; pocket of a billiard-table; pocketmoney; pocket-piece; to pocket an affront; to pocket money belonging to another. — Difference between receipt and reception, deceit and deception, conceit and conception.
10. When is a room called two-pair back (front)?
14. What is meant by the fair reader?
15. Difference between he is anything but dead and he is all but dead (anything, all, and dead have the stress). Sometimes anything but has quite another meaning, e.g. in The Poisoned Paradise by Robert W. Service, p. 22: A painter says to his model: "Brush it out so that it is like an aura." 'She (an uneducated girl) did not understand, but brushed and brushed, with long, sweeping strokes. The old man had forgotten he was anything but a painter' (= something else besides a painter, viz. a man. Anything is unstressed, painter stressed).
18. A leap in the dark; to be left (kept) in the dark; in the dark all cats are grey; a dark lantern, a dark room, a dark horse.
19. The banisters (handrail) of a staircase, the rise (riser)



of a stair, steep stairs, shallow stairs, a winding staircase, the well of a winding staircase.
20. What is a^asement, a bow-window, a sash-window, an oriel window, a window-sill, a window-bar, a windowseat, a window-frame. What are French windows?
26. What are rafters? Other meaning of beam.
32. Meaning of to enter into and to enter upon.
33. Freshman; undergraduate; graduate; bachelor; doctor. To take [holy] orders; to be in [holyj orders; to be ordained.
36. My arm is like pins and needies.
42. Of our clergyman to be.
1. An university is rare and should be avoided by foreigners.
14. Plural of a student's room.
23. Analyse not but with, etc.
36. Why has series the same form in the plural?
39. Why is theology not preceded by the article, as in Dutch.
6. When is ss pronounced as z (possess)?
7. Where is the stress in passer-by?
18. Transcribe observe.
23. To what rule is the pronunciation of worn an exception? Other exception.
28. Pronunciation of threshold, treacherous, and treason.
30. Pronunciation of noise, nose, and voice.
33. The b in absence is voiced, the s voiceless.
34. Where is the stress in sash window?
36. Pronunciation of series.
1924.
Lord Stanhope was as eccentric as his daughter. He slept with open windows under twelve blankets, breakfasted on a piece of brown bread, and had the crest of his coach removed, because he thought it too aristocratie. To the 5 education of his children he paid no attention. Neither did



the second Lady Stanhope, who after the early death of the hrst ought to have been a mother to the orphans. But she was too busy with her operas and balls. Thus the children grew up. Especially for the eldest, Esther, born in seventeen lü hundred and seventy-six, wise, careful guidance would have been very desirable. She was a iively, healthy girl, boisterous eccentric, and undutiful. Her strength and her independencé inspired the confidence of her uncle, the celebrated minister Pitt, so that he did not hesitate to entrust to her, a girl of 15 eighteen years, the management of his house.
Thus she entered society. An imposing hostess with her
tall stature of six feet. She was neither amiable nor beautiful
and did not spare anybody or anything. Only for Brummel'
that prince (king) of dandies (fops) she had a certain
20 respect, because he, the man withcut ancestors, knew how to
compel so many noble admirers to blind obedience to his
foolish whims. She was feared and hated, but yet flattered
for her influence was great. Her uncle let her have
her way, and she appointed or dismissed military and civil 25 officers.
Her uncle died in eighteen hundred and six, and now her influence was soon at an end. Full of contempt of the world she retired to Wales. When a couple of years later her dearest brother was taken from her by death, she bade fare30 well to English society. With a small retinue she travelled through Greece and Egypt, visited Jerusalem, crossed the desert, and settled on a mountain-top in Syria. A more unquiet dwelling-place she could not have chosen than this country with its violent quarrels and bloody feuds between 35 Arabs and Turks. Yet she was never in danger for a moment, ün the mountain she had a castle built surrounded by a mediaeval wall. Her thirty native servants, both men and women, she ruled with an iron hand. She sent camels loaded with corn, figs, and clothes, to the villages. She studied the 40 Eastern spirit about her, and her religion underwent the influence of it; it became a strange mixture of Western and Eastern ideas and superstitions.
At last she feil ill. An English consul from (in) the neigh-



bourhood, hearing of her illnes, went to her on horseback 45with an American missionary. They arrived just after she
had passed away.
Thus died the woman, who by her eccentricity and haughtiness had attracted the attention of all Europe.
1. The lords of creation; the Lord's prayer; to lord it over a person. Instead of baron before a proper name lord is used (except in foreign titles); the younger son of a duke or marquis is called lord with the Christian and family name (Lord Robert Cecil).
2. A dozen; a score. A baker's dozen. — He was a wet blanket to the party. To toss a boy in a blanket. — Why is it called breakfast?
3. White bread; rye-bread. Bread and butter; bread and cheese. He knows on which side his bread is buttered; to take the bread out of one's mouth. Bread-earner. — Strictly speaking crest is: a. an erect plume or tuft of feathers, horsehair, or the like, fixed on the top of a heimet; any ornament or device worn there as a badge; b. a figure or device placed on a wreath or coronet, and borne above the shield and heimet in a coat of arms; also used separately, as a cognizance, upon articles of personal property, as a seal, plate, note-paper, etc.
6. When is Lady used as a title?
7. Orphanhood. What is orphanage.
8. Dances.
13. When is notorious used?
15. A girl in her teens.
16. Other meaning of hostess.
17. Figure.
22. Adjective formed from whim.
23. My uncle (slang); Uncle Sam; to talk like a Dutch uncle. An avuncular relative.
27. He had no end of trouble; to be at a loose end; he is at the end of his tether; to put an end to the fight; he is at his wits' end; odds and ends. — Difference between contemptuous and contemptible.
Eijkman, The A and B Certificates, II. 7



28. A Welshman; the Welsh.
29. Other meaning of to bid, with conjugation.
38. It is the last straw that breaks the camel's back.
39. Other meaning of corns.
10. When is and used in a numeral? And when the hyphen?
11. Why is had been wrong? — Why not it was?
12. Other words besides strength that do not admit of a plural form, though their Dutch equivalents may be used in the plural.
14. Why not this, or this one?
23. Illustrate by an example that for is a coordinate conjunction, because a subordinate one.
1. When is augh pronounced as in daughter, and when not?
6. When is ear pronounced as in early, and when not?
9. How is Esther pronounced? Other words in which th has this sound.
15. How are numerals ending in teen pronounced?
17. Transcribe stature.
29. Pronunciation of bade.
32. Different pronunciations and meanings of desert.
36. Rule for the pronunciation of stle in castle.
41. Transcribe mixture.
48. Pronunciation of Europe and European.
1925.
A Sunny Spring Morning.
One morning, after many gloomy and rainy days, Frank was unexpectedly [a]wakened by the sun, which had touched him with its rays through the narrow opening between the window curtains. Though he had slept soundly, 5 he was at once broad awake, rose and drew the curtains aside.



He heard the two maids going downstairs shortly after each other. When he had dressed [himself], he proceeded to the sitting-room, but found it still in disorder, and the two windows opposite each other were open, which caused a violent 10 draught. The maids looked at him in astonishment, wondering what might be the meaning ot his being up so early. To escape their curious glances, he at once went into the garden, where peonies, wall-flowers, and lilacs were already in bloom. He walked on as far as the railings, which separated 15 the garden from the road. Through the open vvindow of the nursery came the crying of little Peter, who was being washed. For the rest silence prevailed everywhere. At first Frank did not know what to do with the time before breakfast; he was an author, and so early in the morning work did not 20 get on so well with him as a rule. All the same, he resolved to go and work a little at a tragedy he was engaged on. A little later he was sitting at the writing-table in his study. He read the first act once more, and that was not half bad, he thought. He hoped this work would have success. 25 The sound of footsteps passing his window distracted him for a moment. He saw the postman pass, and a little later he heard letters fall into the box. He rose hastily and went to the front-door, where he found a notice that there wasaregistered letter for him at the post-office. As this excited his curiosity, 30 he resolved to go and fetch it by bicycle at once.
The letter which was handed to him at the post-office, was from his publisher, and informed him that a new edition of his volume of poems had become necessary. A cheque was enclosed with the communication. All this was very en35 couraging, and he now firmly determined to go on working at his play day in day out tili it should be completed.
When he returned he found his children playing before the house. Scarcely had they seen him, when, frisking like colts, they drew him along with them. Frank feit rich at this 40 moment, rich and happy; as if he realized for the first time, how much he possessed.
The spring began delightfully and unexpectedly. Did not he within him, too, feel a sudden change, something new?



1. Day and night; night and day; day after day; day by day; the other day; every other (second) day; every third day (three days); this day (to-day) month; in the days of old (of yore); every dog has his day; the great men of the day; the day of judgement; in broad day (daylight); she is a creature of a day; to put by money for a rainy day; to carry (win) or lose the day. Daybreak; day-dreams; daylabourer.
2. Do not wake the sleeping lion. He woke with a start. What is He followed in his wake? What is wake in connexion with a corpse?
5. A wide-awake man. What sort of a hat is a wideawake? — It is as broad as it is long; he is a man of broad views; he is broad-minded; these are the broad facts; he gave me a broad hint; a broad dialect; the crime was committed in broad day-light; broadly speaking, there are three species of that plant. — To draw the curtains may both be to open them and to shut them.
10. The verb to draw is not used in this sense. When is the spelling draught used and when draft?
15. Flower-garden; kitchen-garden; orchard. Garth.
16. Nursery-garden. Nursery-gardener. — Nurse; drynurse; wet-nurse. Difference between a nurse and a sister in a hospital.
21. What is a drama, a dramatist? Play; comedy; farce. Play-wright; play-writer.
22. What is a studio?
27. What is a pillar-box?
29. Postmaster; [postal]order; post-office savings-bank; parcel-post; poste restante.
30. Tricycle. Motor cycle, motor bicycle; side-car; trailer; motorist.
32 Difference between publisher and editor.
33. What is check?
2. The past participle of to wake is waked or woke,
occasionally woken. The N. O. D. says: "woken seems obsolescent, but woke is at least as frequent as wakecT\



My own experience is that woken occurs rather often. Still ït is safer for foreigners to avoid it. — When is sun used as a masculine noun? — Would that be wrong? _
6. Difference between I heard her sing (singing) that
song. . ....
8. What is the-ing-form in such combinations as sitting-
room, sleeping draught, etc.? — Why not this?
10. It is doubtful whether the adjective (astonished) or the adverb (astonishedly) ought to be used. In such a case it is safer and more usual to say in astonishment. In an astonished manner is hardly English.
11. Why not could be?
17. Why not was washed?
18. Why breakfast without article?
24. Why would?
27. Why is fall better than falling?
36. Why should?
42. As a particular spring is meant, it is better to use the article.
1. Is there a difference in the pronunciation of morning and mourning? Transcription in narrow Romic. — Pronunciation of Francis and Frances.
8. Two ways of pronouncing room. Difference between
Dutch roem and English room.
14. Difference in the pronunciation of the verb separate
and the adjective.
23. How many glides are there in act, and wnere.
38. Pronunciation of colt. Rule.
40. Where is the stress in realize?
42. Difference between the e-sounds in unexpectcdly.
43. Rule for the pronunciation of ange in change, etc.



1926.
When Mrs. Bakker had read the letter from her son William informing her that he had been appointed manager of the factory in which till now he had occupied an inferior post, her eyes filled with tears of joy. The life of her son 5 had not become a failure after all. She had often feared that this would be the end. Her husband had died not long after the birth of her son. Fortunately, there was no lack of money after his death. A life-assurance company paid her a considerable amount, which, together with her own capital, lOformed a sum of money amply sufficiënt to enable her to provide for herself and her child, also if afterwards his education should become more expensive. However much she mourned at first for the death of her husband, whom she had Ioved dearly, she soon realized that she must not allow 15 herself to be overwhelmed by her grief, but that it was her duty to try and make William an honest man and a useful member of society.
As usual, childhood and boyhood did not present any great difficulties. At the elementary school William was, it 20 is true, not among the clever pupils, but still he was admitted to the gymnasium at the age of thirteen. This school was chosen by his mother, because she had set her mind on his becoming a lawyer, as his father had been. This became a source of much sorrow, both for her and him. It soon 25 appeared that the boy did not feel at all attracted towards the study of the classical languages. He lacked the quiet zeal and the patiënt perseverance which are necessary for acquiring a proper knowledge of Latin and Greek. During the two years that he was a pupil of the gymnasium, his 30 only pleasant hours were those which he spent at the factory of a friend of his dead father's. He was allowed to wander about there freely, to ask as many questions as he liked, and, what he thought pleasantest of all, to do some work himself, of course under the supervision of a workman.
35 When it became clear that he was not fit for any one of



the so-called learned professions, he succeeded in persuading his mother to let him go to that factory.
He promised her solemnly that he would do his utmost to get on as soon as possible. In the evening he followed 40 a course of drawing and applied mechanics, and after some years oi theory and practice he was thoroughly well up in all the work that was done in the factory. When he was twenty years old, he applied for a situation in a larger factory in the capital, and he was scarcely thirty, when 45 he was placed at the head of this large establishment.
5 He died of heart-failure. — After all, her son's life had not become a failure, as, indeed, she had often feared it would be. This is more logical than the Dutch text, and than
the more literal translation of it.
7. Happily. The difference between happy and fortunate
is neglected in the adverbs. — Want.
8 Usually life-assurance, fire-(marine-)insurance. — He paid the bookseller for the books; he paid the price of the books. You shall pay for it; his business does not pay; to pay the piper; to pay a person in the same coin; though young, he can pay his [own] way; the ship's crew were paid off; to pay through the nose; to pay attention (a visit, a compliment); pay out more rope, quick! He is in my pay; the lieutenant is on half pay (full pay; retired pay); a half-pay officer; he has retired on half-pay.
16. What other meaning has duty? — To be on (off) duty; to take another person's duty; a duty call. 20. Difference between admittance and admission. 21! Meaning of the English word gymnasium.
28 What is an acquisition?
40* Free-hand drawing; linear drawing; ornamental drawing. Drawing-pin; drawing-board; drawing-pen, (tracing-pen).
41. Note the noun practice and the verb to practise, pro-
nounced the same.
44. What is a metropolis? — When is the adverb scarce
used?



2 Why not was appointed? , .
3 In cannot stand after post, because in which is an adverbial adjunct of place, not a prepositiona object. Nor can it be: he had occupied an inferior post in tul now.
4. Not filled themselves. — Her son's life.
8. Put the following sentence in the passive voice in two ways: A life-assurance company paid her a considerable
amount.
12. Why not might?
14. Difference between the adverbs dear and dearly.
Why must?
15. Why the passive voice?
29. Rule for the use of the article before pupil in this sentence. Exceptions.
31. Why not might?
38 Why would? . .
40. What nouns end in ic instead of ics? — Are words as
mechanics treated like singular or plural nouns?
21. Pronunciation of gymnasium.
27. Pronunciation of zeal and zealous.
31 How is deceased pronounced?
38. Pronunciation of promise, noun and verb; also of final
"""g38 Transcribe: to get on as soon as possible. Pay special
attention to as.
41. Pronunciation of conversant.