CHAPTER XVI.

JOINT OPERATING ORGANIZATIONS AND POOLED SERVICES

Joint operating organizations permitted.

Art. 77. Nothing in this Convention shall prevent two or more contracting States from constituting joint air transport operating organizations or international operating agencies and from pooling their air services on any routes or in any regions, but such organizations or agencies and such pooled services shall be sub ] eet to all the provisions . of this Convention, incluÜing those relating to the registration of agreements with the Council. The Council shall determine in what manner the provisions of this Convention relating to nationality of 'aircraft shall apply to aircraft operated by international operating agencies.

Function of Council

Art. 78. The Council may suggest to contracting States concerned that they form joint organizations to operate air services on any routes or in any regions.

Participation in operating organizations

Art. 79. A State may participate in joint operating organizations or in pooling arrangements, either through its government or through an airline company or companies designated by its government. The companies may, at the sole discretion of the State concerned, be state-owned or partly stateowned or privately owned.

Part IT — Final provisions CHAPTER XVII

OTHER AERONAUTICAL AGREEMENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS

Paris and Habana Conventions

Art. 80. Each contracting State undertakes, immediately upon the coming into force of this Convention, to give notice of denunciation of the Convention relating to the Regulation of Aerial Navigation signed at Paris on October 13, 1919 or the Convention on Commercial Aviation signed at Habana on February 20, 1928, if it is a party to either. As between contracting States, this Convention supersedes the Convention of Paris and Habana previously referred to.

Registration of existing agreements

Art. 81. All aeronautical agreements which are in existence on the coming into force of this Convention, and which are between a contracting State and any other State or between an airline of a contracting State and any other State or the airline of any other State, shall be forthwith registered with the Council.

Abrogation of inconsistent arrangements

Art. 82. The contracting States accept this Convention as abrogating all obligations

and understandings between them which are inconsistent with its terms, and undertake not to enter into any such obligations and understandings. A contracting State which, before becoming a member of the Organization has undertaken any obligations toward a non-contracting State or a national of a contracting State or of a non-contracting State inconsistent with the terms of this Convention, shall take immediate steps to procure its release from the obligations. If an airline of any contracting State has entered into any such inconsistent obligations, the State of which it is a national shall use its best efforts^ to secure their termination forthwith and shall in any event cause them to be terminated as soon as such action can lawfully be taken after the coming into force of this Convention.

Registration of new arrangements

Art. 83. Subject to the provisions of the preceding Article, any Contracting State may make arrangements not inconsistent with the provisions of this Convention. Any such arrangement shall be forthwith registered with the Council, which shall make it public as soon as possible.

CHAPTER XVIII DISPUTES AND DEFAULT Settlement of disputes

Art. 84. If any disagreement between two or more contracting States relating to the interpretation or application of this Convention and its Annexes cannot be settled by negotiation, it shall, on the application of any State concerned in the disagreement, be decided by the Council. No member of the Council shall vote in the consideration by the Council of any dispute to which it is a party. Any contracting State may, subject to Article 85, appeal from the decision of the Council to an ad hoe arbitral tribunal agreed upon with the other parties to the dispute or to the Permanent Court of International Justice. Any such appeal shall be notified to the Council within sixty days of receipt of notification of the decision of the Council.

Arbitration procedure

Art. 85. If any contracting State party to a dispute in which the decision of the Council is under appeal has not accepted the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice and the contracting States parties to the dispute cannot agree on the choice of the arbitral tribunal, each of the contracting States oarties to the dispute shall name a single arbitrator who shall name an umpire. If either contracting State party to the dispute fails to name an arbitrator within a period of three months from the date of the appeal, an arbitrator shall be named on behalf of that State by the President of the Council from a list of qualified and available persons maintained by the

L. 85 S. 1947

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